Associations between students’ perceptions of physical education teachers’ interpersonal styles and students’ wellness, knowledge, performance, and intentions to persist at physical activity: A self-determination theory approach

Journal article


Behzadnia, Behzad, Adachi, Paul J. C., Deci, Edward L. and Mohammadzadeh, Hasan. (2018). Associations between students’ perceptions of physical education teachers’ interpersonal styles and students’ wellness, knowledge, performance, and intentions to persist at physical activity: A self-determination theory approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 39, pp. 10 - 19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.07.003
AuthorsBehzadnia, Behzad, Adachi, Paul J. C., Deci, Edward L. and Mohammadzadeh, Hasan
Abstract

Objectives: Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), the present study examined whether collegiate physical education (PE) teachers' autonomy support versus control would relate to college students' wellness, knowledge, performance, and intentions to persist at physical activity beyond the PE classes. The mediating roles of students' basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration as well as their types of motivation (autonomous and controlled) were also modeled. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: One hundred and forty college students (Mage = 21.69, SD = 1.89) in PE classes completed questionnaires measuring their perceptions of PE teachers' autonomy support and control, as well as their own basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration and their autonomous and controlled motivation. The student outcomes were self-reports of the students' wellness (i.e., well-being and ill-being), teacher-administered tests of knowledge, teacher ratings of performance, and students' self-reports of intentions to persist at physical activity in the future. Results: Students' perceptions of teachers' autonomy support were positively associated with each of the positive student outcomes. Students' perceptions of teachers' control were related to students' well-being (negatively), knowledge (negatively), and ill-being (positively). Students' experiences of psychological need satisfaction were significantly positively related to their autonomous motivation and marginally to their controlled motivation. Their experiences of need frustration were related only positively to controlled motivation. As expected, path analyses showed that perceived autonomy support was positively related to the positive outcomes via need satisfaction and frustration and autonomous motivation, and that perceptions of teachers' control were related to students' ill-being (positively) and knowledge (negatively) through need frustration. Conclusions: Consistent with SDT, the findings suggest that teachers' autonomy support is important for student's psychological need satisfaction, type of motivation, and in turn the outcomes of well-being, knowledge, performance, and intention to persist in the domain of college PE programs. Practical and theoretical implications, along with limitations and future research suggestions are discussed.

KeywordsPE teachers' autonomy support; autonomous motivation; basic psychological need satisfaction; wellness; sport performance
Year2018
JournalPsychology of Sport and Exercise
Journal citation39, pp. 10 - 19
PublisherElsevier
ISSN1469-0292
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.07.003
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85049744390
Page range10 - 19
Research GroupInstitute for Positive Psychology and Education
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited Kingdom
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Kim, Youngmee, Carver, Charles S., Deci, Edward and Kasser, T. (2008). Adult Attachment and Psychological Well-Being in Cancer Caregivers: The Mediational Role of Spouses' Motives for Caregiving. Health Psychology. 27(2 SUPPL. 2), pp. 144 - 154. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.2(Suppl.).S144
Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life's domains
Deci, Edward L. and Ryan, Richard Michael. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life's domains. Canadian Psychology. Canada: Canadian Psychology. pp. 14 - 23 https://doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14
Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior
Ryan, Richard Michael and Deci, Edward L.. (2008). Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior. In In O.P. John, R.W. Robins and L.A. Pervin (Ed.). Handbook of personality: Theory and research pp. 1867 - 1938 Guilford Press.
Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction
Deci, Edward L. and Ryan, Richard Michael. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies. 9(1), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9018-1
Living well: A self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia
Ryan, Richard Michael, Huta, Veronika and Deci, Edward L.. (2008). Living well: A self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies. 9(1), pp. 139 - 170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9023-4
Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on Self-Determination Theory
Ryan, Richard Michael, Patrick, Heather, Deci, Edward L. and Williams, Geoffrey C.. (2008). Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on Self-Determination Theory. European Psychologist. 10, pp. 2 - 5.
A self-determination theory approach to psychotherapy :The motivational basis for effective change
Ryan, Richard and Deci, Edward. (2008). A self-determination theory approach to psychotherapy :The motivational basis for effective change. Canadian Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012753
Beyond talk: Creating autonomous motivation through self-determination theory
Stone, D. N., Deci, Edward and Ryan, Richard. (2008). Beyond talk: Creating autonomous motivation through self-determination theory. Journal of General Management. 34(3), pp. 75 - 91.
Self-determination theory and the explanatory role of psychological needs in human well-being
Deci, Edward L., Ryan, Richard Michael and Vansteenkiste, Maurizio. (2008). Self-determination theory and the explanatory role of psychological needs in human well-being. In In L. Bruni and F. Comim (Ed.). Capabilities and happiness pp. 187 - 223 Oxford University Press.
From ego depletion to vitality: Theory and findings concerning the facilitation of energy available to the self
Ryan, Richard Michael and Deci, Edward L.. (2008). From ego depletion to vitality: Theory and findings concerning the facilitation of energy available to the self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass. 2(2), pp. 702 - 717. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00098.x
The significance of autonomy and autonomy support in psychological development and psychopathology
Ryan, Richard M., Deci, Edward L., Grolnick, Wendy S. and La Guardia, Jennifer G.. (2006). The significance of autonomy and autonomy support in psychological development and psychopathology. In In Cicchetti, Dante and Cohen, Donald J. (Ed.). Developmental psychopathalogy : Volume 1 : Theory and method pp. 795-849 John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470939383.ch20
Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: Supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial
Williams, Geoffrey C., McGregor, Holly, Sharp, Daryl, Lévesque, Chantal S., Kouides, Ruth W., Ryan, Richard and Deci, Edward. (2006). Testing a self-determination theory intervention for motivating tobacco cessation: Supporting autonomy and competence in a clinical trial. Health Psychology. 25(1), pp. 91 - 101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.25.1.91
Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will?
Ryan, Richard and Deci, Edward. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will? Journal of Personality. 74(6), pp. 1557 - 1585. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00420.x
Choice and ego-depletion: The moderating role of autonomy
Moller, Arien C., Deci, Edward and Ryan, Richard. (2006). Choice and ego-depletion: The moderating role of autonomy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 32(8), pp. 1024 - 1036. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167206288008
A self-determination multiple risk intervention trial to improve smokers' health
Williams, Geoffrey C., McGregor, Holly, Sharp, Daryl, Kouides, Ruth W., Lévesque, Chantal S., Ryan, Richard M. and Deci, Edward L.. (2006). A self-determination multiple risk intervention trial to improve smokers' health. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 21(12), pp. 1288-1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00621.x
Validation of the "important other" climate questionnaire: Assessing autonomy support for health-related change
Williams, Geoffrey C., Lynch, Martin F., McGregor, Holly, Ryan, Richard, Sharp, Daryl and Deci, Edward. (2006). Validation of the "important other" climate questionnaire: Assessing autonomy support for health-related change. Families, Systems, and Health. 24(2), pp. 179 - 194. https://doi.org/10.1037/1091-7527.24.2.179
The antecedents and consequences of autonomous self-regulation for college: A self-determination theory perspective on socialization
Niemiec, C. P., Lynch, Martin F., Vansteenkiste, Maarten, Bernstein, J H., Deci, Edward and Ryan, Richard. (2006). The antecedents and consequences of autonomous self-regulation for college: A self-determination theory perspective on socialization. Journal of Adolescence. 29(5), pp. 761 - 775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.11.009
Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation
Vansteenkiste, Maarten, Lens, Willy and Deci, Edward. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist. 41(1), pp. 19 - 31. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4101_4
On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships
Deci, Edward, La Guardia, J. G., Moller, Arien C., Scheiner, Marc J. and Ryan, Richard. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 32(3), pp. 313 - 327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167205282148
Self-determination theory and public policy: Improving the quality of consumer decisions without using coercion
Moller, Arien C., Ryan, Richard and Deci, Edward. (2006). Self-determination theory and public policy: Improving the quality of consumer decisions without using coercion. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing. 25(1), pp. 104 - 116. https://doi.org/10.1509/jppm.25.1.104