Do we embody second language? Evidence for 'partial' simulation during processing of a second language

Journal article


Foroni, Francesco. (2015). Do we embody second language? Evidence for 'partial' simulation during processing of a second language. Brain and Cognition. 99, pp. 8 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2015.06.006
AuthorsForoni, Francesco
Abstract

The present paper investigates whether the processing of emotion language in the context of a second language (L2) entails motor simulations and whether simulation models extend to negation also for L2. Participants were exposed to sentences in L2 describing emotional expressions while facial muscle activity was continuously measured. Sentences mapped either directly upon the zygomatic muscle (e.g., “I am smiling”) or did not (e.g., “I am frowning”), and were presented in the affirmative and negative form. Similarly to studies involving first language (L1), the zygomatic muscle was activated when reading affirmative sentences relevant to the muscle. In contrast, and differently from what previously observed in L1, reading sentences in the negative form (“I am not smiling”) did not lead to relaxation/inhibition of the zygomatic muscle. These results extend the simulation models to the comprehension of L2 but they also provide important constraints and contribute to the debate about grounding of the abstract and concrete concepts.

Keywordsmotor system; embodied simulations; second language; language processing; negation
Year2015
JournalBrain and Cognition
Journal citation99, pp. 8 - 16
PublisherAcademic Press
ISSN0278-2626
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2015.06.006
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84937037117
Page range8 - 16
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited States of America
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