Pituitary gland volume and psychosocial stress among children at elevated risk for Schizophrenia

Journal article


Cullen, Alexis E., Day, F. L., Roberts, Ruth E., Pariante, C. M. and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2015). Pituitary gland volume and psychosocial stress among children at elevated risk for Schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine. 45(15), pp. 3281 - 3292. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001282
AuthorsCullen, Alexis E., Day, F. L., Roberts, Ruth E., Pariante, C. M. and Laurens, Kristin R.
Abstract

Pituitary volume enlargements have been observed among individuals with first-episode psychosis. These abnormalities are suggestive of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, which may contribute to the development of psychosis. However, the extent to which these abnormalities characterize individuals at elevated risk for schizophrenia prior to illness onset is currently unclear, as volume increases, decreases and no volume differences have all been reported relative to controls. The current study aimed to determine whether antipsychotic-naive, putatively at-risk children who present multiple antecedents of schizophrenia (ASz) or a family history of illness (FHx) show pituitary volume abnormalities relative to typically developing (TD) children. An additional aim was to explore the association between pituitary volume and experiences of psychosocial stress. ASz (n = 30), FHx (n = 22) and TD (n = 32) children were identified at age 9–12 years using a novel community-screening procedure or as relatives of individuals with schizophrenia. Measures of pituitary volume and psychosocial stress were obtained at age 11–14 years. Neither ASz nor FHx children showed differences in pituitary volume relative to TD children. Among FHx children only, pituitary volume was negatively associated with current distress relating to negative life events and exposure to physical punishment. The lack of pituitary volume abnormalities among ASz and FHx children is consistent with our previous work demonstrating that these children are not characterized by elevated diurnal cortisol levels. The findings imply that these biological markers of HPA axis hyperactivity, observed in some older samples of high-risk individuals, may emerge later, more proximally to disease onset.

Keywordschildhood trauma; diathesis–stress model; genetic high risk; hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis; psychosis vulnerability
Year2015
JournalPsychological Medicine
Journal citation45 (15), pp. 3281 - 3292
PublisherCambridge University Press
ISSN0033-2917
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291715001282
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84944277700
Page range3281 - 3292
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited Kingdom
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Ames, Catherine, Jolley, Suzanne, Laurens, Kristin, Maddox, Lucy, Corrigall, Richard, Browning, Sophie, Hirsch, Colette, Hassanali, Nedah, Bracegirdle, Karen and Kuipers, Elizabeth. (2014). Modelling psychosocial influences on the distress and impairment caused by psychotic-like experiences in children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 23(8), pp. 715 - 722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0500-0
Daily stressors and negative life events in children at elevated risk of developing schizophrenia
Cullen, Alexis E., Fisher, Helen L., Roberts, Ruth E., Pariante, Carmine M. and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2014). Daily stressors and negative life events in children at elevated risk of developing schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry. 204(5), pp. 354 - 360. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.127001
Birth outcomes and academic achievement in childhood: A population record linkage study
Moore, Elizabeth, Harris, Felicity, Laurens, Kristin, Green, Melissa, Brinkman, Sally, Lenroot, Rhoshel and Carr, Vaughn J.. (2014). Birth outcomes and academic achievement in childhood: A population record linkage study. Journal of Early Childhood Research. 12(3), pp. 234 - 250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X13515425
Comparing algorithms for deriving psychosis diagnoses from longitudinal administrative clinical records
Sara, Grant, Luo, Luming, Carr, Vaughn J., Raudino, Alessandra, Green, Melissa J., Laurens, Kristin R., Dean, Kimberlie, Cohen, Martin, Burgess, Philip and Morgan, Vera A.. (2014). Comparing algorithms for deriving psychosis diagnoses from longitudinal administrative clinical records. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 49(11), pp. 1729 - 1737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0881-5
Multivariate neuroanatomical classification of cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia: A support vector machine learning approach
Gould, Ian C., Shepherd, Alana M., Laurens, Kristin R., Cairns, Murray J., Carr, Vaughn J. and Green, Melissa J.. (2014). Multivariate neuroanatomical classification of cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia: A support vector machine learning approach. NeuroImage: Clinical. 6, pp. 229 - 236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2014.09.009
Modelling psychosocial influences on the distress and impairment caused by psychotic-like experiences in children and adolescents
Ames, Catherine, Jolley, Suzanne, Laurens, Kristin R., Maddox, Lucy, Corrigall, Richard, Browning, Sophie, Hirsch, Colette R., Hassanali, Nedah, Bracegirdle, Karen and Kuipers, Elizabeth. (2014). Modelling psychosocial influences on the distress and impairment caused by psychotic-like experiences in children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 23(8), pp. 715 - 722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0500-0
Multivariate neuroanatomical classification of cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia: A support vector machine learning approach
Gould, Ian C., Shepherd, Alana M., Laurens, Kristin R., Cairns, Murray J., Carr, Vaughn J. and Green, Melissa J.. (2014). Multivariate neuroanatomical classification of cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia: A support vector machine learning approach. NeuroImage: Clinical. 6, pp. 229 - 236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2014.09.009
Misperceptions of facial emotions among youth aged 9-14 years who present multiple antecedents of schizophrenia
Dickson, Hannah, Calkins, Monica E., Kohler, Christian G., Hodgins, Sheilagh and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2014). Misperceptions of facial emotions among youth aged 9-14 years who present multiple antecedents of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 40(2), pp. 460 - 468. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs193
Modelling psychosocial influences on the distress and impairment caused by psychotic-like experiences in children and adolescents
Ames, Catherine S., Jolley, Suzanne, Laurens, Kristin R., Maddox, Lucy, Corrigall, Richard, Browning, Sophie, Hirsch, Colette R., Hassanali, Nedah, Bracegirdle, Karen and Kuipers, Elizabeth. (2014). Modelling psychosocial influences on the distress and impairment caused by psychotic-like experiences in children and adolescents. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 23(8), pp. 715 - 722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0500-0
Misperceptions of facial emotions among youth aged 9-14 years who present multiple antecedents of schizophrenia
Dickson, Hannah, Calkins, Monica E., Kohler, Christian G., Hodgins, Sheilagh and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2014). Misperceptions of facial emotions among youth aged 9-14 years who present multiple antecedents of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 40(2), pp. 460 - 468. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs193
Multivariate neuroanatomical classification of cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia: A support vector machine learning approach
Gould, Ian C., Shepherd, Alana M., Laurens, Kristin R., Cairns, Murray J., Carr, Vaughn J. and Green, Melissa J.. (2014). Multivariate neuroanatomical classification of cognitive subtypes in schizophrenia: A support vector machine learning approach. NeuroImage: Clinical. 6, pp. 229 - 236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2014.09.009
Birth outcomes and academic achievement in childhood: A population record linkage study
Moore, Elizabeth, Harris, Felicity, Laurens, Kristin R., Green, Melissa J., Brinkman, Sally, Lenroot, Rhoshel K. and Carr, Vaughan J.. (2014). Birth outcomes and academic achievement in childhood: A population record linkage study. Journal of Early Childhood Research. 12(3), pp. 234 - 250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X13515425
Cognitive impairment among children at-risk for schizophrenia
Dickson, Hannah, Cullen, Alexis E., Reichenberg, Abraham, Hodgins, Sheilagh, Campbell, Desmond D., Morris, Robin G. and Laurens, Kristin. (2014). Cognitive impairment among children at-risk for schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 50(1), pp. 92 - 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.12.003
Birth outcomes and academic achievement in childhood: A population record linkage study
Moore, Elizabeth A., Harris, Felicity, Laurens, Kristin R., Green, Melissa J., Brinkman, Sally, Lenroot, Rhoshel K. and Carr, Vaughn J.. (2014). Birth outcomes and academic achievement in childhood: A population record linkage study. Journal of Early Childhood Research. 12(3), pp. 234 - 250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X13515425
Daily stressors and negative life events in children at elevated risk of developing schizophrenia
Cullen, Alexis E., Fisher, Helen L., Roberts, Ruth E., Pariante, C. M. and Laurens, Kristin. (2014). Daily stressors and negative life events in children at elevated risk of developing schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry. 204(5), pp. 354 - 360. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.127001
Daily stressors and negative life events in children at elevated risk of developing schizophrenia
Cullen, Alexis E., Fisher, Helen L., Roberts, Ruth E., Pariante, Carmine M. and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2014). Daily stressors and negative life events in children at elevated risk of developing schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry. 204(5), pp. 354 - 360. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.127001
Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort
Downs, Johnny M., Cullen, Alexis E., Barragan, Marcela and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2013). Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort. Schizophrenia Research. 144(1-3), pp. 99 - 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.009
Temporal lobe volume abnormalities precede the prodrome: A study of children presenting antecedents of schizophrenia
Cullen, Alexis E., De Brito, Stéphane A., Gregory, Sarah L., Murray, Robin M., Williams, Steven C. R., Hodgins, Sheilagh and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2013). Temporal lobe volume abnormalities precede the prodrome: A study of children presenting antecedents of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 39(6), pp. 1318 - 1327. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs128
Temporal lobe volume abnormalities precede the prodrome: A study of children presenting antecedents of schizophrenia
Cullen, Alexis E., De Brito, Stéphane A., Gregory, Sarah L., Murray, Robin M., Williams, Steven C. R., Hodgins, Sheilagh and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2013). Temporal lobe volume abnormalities precede the prodrome: A study of children presenting antecedents of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 39(6), pp. 1318 - 1327. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbs128
Mismatch negativity (MMN) and sensory auditory processing in children aged 9-12 years presenting with putative antecedents of schizophrenia
Bruggemann, Jason M., Stockill, Helen V., Lenroot, Rhoshel K. and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2013). Mismatch negativity (MMN) and sensory auditory processing in children aged 9-12 years presenting with putative antecedents of schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 89(3), pp. 374 - 380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.008
Cognitive behavioural therapy for unusual experiences in children: A case series
Maddox, Lucy, Jolley, Suzanne, Laurens, Kristin R., Hirsch, Colette, Hodgins, Sheilagh, Browning, Sophie, Bravery, Louisa, Bracegirdle, Karen, Smith, Patrick and Kuipers, Elizabeth. (2013). Cognitive behavioural therapy for unusual experiences in children: A case series. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 41(3), pp. 344 - 358. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465812000343
Systematic meta-analysis of childhood social withdrawal in schizophrenia, and comparison with data from at-risk children aged 9-14 years
Matheson, Sandra L., Vijayan, Hena, Dickson, Hannah, Shepherd, Alana M., Carr, Vaughn J. and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2013). Systematic meta-analysis of childhood social withdrawal in schizophrenia, and comparison with data from at-risk children aged 9-14 years. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 47(8), pp. 1061 - 1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.013
Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort
Downs, Johnny M., Cullen, Alexis E., Barragan, Marcela and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2013). Persisting psychotic-like experiences are associated with both externalising and internalising psychopathology in a longitudinal general population child cohort. Schizophrenia Research. 144, pp. 99 - 104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.009
Systematic meta-analysis of childhood social withdrawal in schizophrenia, and comparison with data from at-risk children aged 9-14 years
Matheson, Sandra L., Vijayan, Hena, Dickson, Hannah, Shepherd, Alana M., Carr, Vaughn J. and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2013). Systematic meta-analysis of childhood social withdrawal in schizophrenia, and comparison with data from at-risk children aged 9-14 years. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 47(8), pp. 1061 - 1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.03.013
Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: A systematic meta-analysis
Matheson, S. L., Shepherd, Alana M., Pinchbeck, R. M., Laurens, Kristin and Carr, Vaughn J.. (2013). Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: A systematic meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine. 43(2), pp. 225 - 238. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712000785
Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: A systematic meta-analysis
Matheson, S. L., Shepherd, Alana M., Pinchbeck, R. M., Laurens, Kristin and Carr, Vaughn J.. (2013). Childhood adversity in schizophrenia: A systematic meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine. 43(2), pp. 225 - 238. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712000785
Cognitive behavioural therapy for unusual experiences in children: A case series
Maddox, Lucy, Jolley, Suzanne, Laurens, Kristin R., Hirsch, Colette, Hodgins, Sheilagh, Browning, Sophie, Bravery, Louisa, Bracegirdle, Karen, Smith, Patrick and Kuipers, Elizabeth. (2013). Cognitive behavioural therapy for unusual experiences in children: A case series. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 41(3), pp. 344 - 358. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465812000343
Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and sensory auditory processing in children aged 9-12years presenting with putative antecedents of schizophrenia
Bruggemann, Jason M., Stockill, Helen V., Lenroot, Rhoshel K. and Laurens, Kristin R.. (2013). Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and sensory auditory processing in children aged 9-12years presenting with putative antecedents of schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychophysiology. 89(3), pp. 374 - 380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.008
Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia
Dickson, Hannah, Laurens, Kristin, Cullen, Alexis E. and Hodgins, Sheilagh. (2012). Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine. 42(4), pp. 743 - 755. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711001693
Systematic meta-review and quality assessment of the structural brain alterations in schizophrenia
Shepherd, Alana M., Laurens, Kristin R., Matheson, Sandra L., Carr, Vaughn J. and Green, Melissa J.. (2012). Systematic meta-review and quality assessment of the structural brain alterations in schizophrenia. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 36(4), pp. 1342 - 1356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.015
Systematic meta-analysis of insula volume in schizophrenia
Shepherd, Alana M., Matheson, Sandra L., Laurens, Kristin R., Carr, Vaughn J. and Green, Melissa J.. (2012). Systematic meta-analysis of insula volume in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 72(9), pp. 775 - 784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.020
Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of 8000 children aged 9 to 11 years: An item response theory analysis
Laurens, Kristin R., Hobbs, M. J., Sunderland, M., Green, Melissa J. and Mould, G. L.. (2012). Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of 8000 children aged 9 to 11 years: An item response theory analysis. Psychological Medicine. 42(7), pp. 1495 - 1506. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711002108
Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia
Dickson, Hannah, Laurens, Kristin R., Cullen, Alexis E. and Hodgins, Sheilagh. (2012). Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia. Psychological Medicine. 42(4), pp. 743 - 755. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711001693
Systematic meta-review and quality assessment of the structural brain alterations in schizophrenia
Shepherd, Alana M., Laurens, Kristin R., Matheson, Sandra L., Carr, Vaughan J. and Green, Melissa J.. (2012). Systematic meta-review and quality assessment of the structural brain alterations in schizophrenia. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 36(4), pp. 1342 - 1356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.015
Comorbidity of conduct disorder symptoms and internalizing problems in children: Investigating a community and a clinical sample
Polier, Georg G., Vloet, Timo D., Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Laurens, Kristin R. and Hodgins, Sheilagh. (2012). Comorbidity of conduct disorder symptoms and internalizing problems in children: Investigating a community and a clinical sample. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 21(1), pp. 31 - 38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-011-0229-6
Movement abnormalities and psychotic-like experiences in childhood: Markers of developing schizophrenia?
MacManus, D., Laurens, Kristin R., Walker, E. F., Brasfield, J. L., Riaz, M. and Hodgins, Sheilagh. (2012). Movement abnormalities and psychotic-like experiences in childhood: Markers of developing schizophrenia? Psychological Medicine. 42(1), pp. 99 - 109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711001085
Systematic meta-analysis of insula volume in schizophrenia
Shepherd, Alana M., Matheson, Sandra L., Laurens, Kristin R., Carr, Vaughan J. and Green, Melissa J.. (2012). Systematic meta-analysis of insula volume in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry. 72(9), pp. 775 - 784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.04.020
Comorbidity of conduct disorder symptoms and internalizing problems in children: Investigating a community and a clinical sample
Polier, Georg G., Vloet, Timo D., Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Laurens, Kristin R. and Hodgins, Sheilagh. (2012). Comorbidity of conduct disorder symptoms and internalizing problems in children: Investigating a community and a clinical sample. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 21(1), pp. 31 - 38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-011-0229-6
Movement abnormalities and psychotic-like experiences in childhood: Markers of developing schizophrenia?
MacManus, D., Laurens, Kristin, Walker, E. F., Brasfield, J. L., Riaz, M. and Hodgins, Sheilagh. (2012). Movement abnormalities and psychotic-like experiences in childhood: Markers of developing schizophrenia? Psychological Medicine. 42(1), pp. 99 - 109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711001085
Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of 8000 children aged 9 to 11 years: An item response theory analysis
Laurens, Kristin, Hobbs, M. J., Sunderland, M., Green, Melissa and Mould, G. L.. (2012). Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of 8000 children aged 9 to 11 years: An item response theory analysis. Psychological Medicine. 42(7), pp. 1495 - 1506. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711002108
Theory of Mind', psychotic-like experiences and psychometric schizotypy in adolescents from the general population
Barragan, Marcela, Laurens, Kristin R., Navarro, Jose Blas and Obiols, Jordi E.. (2011). Theory of Mind', psychotic-like experiences and psychometric schizotypy in adolescents from the general population. Psychiatry Research. 186(2-3), pp. 225 - 231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.051
A systematic meta-review grading the evidence for non-genetic risk factors and putative antecedents of schizophrenia
Matheson, Sandra L., Shepherd, Alana M., Laurens, Kristin R. and Carr, Vaughn J.. (2011). A systematic meta-review grading the evidence for non-genetic risk factors and putative antecedents of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 133(1-3), pp. 133 - 142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.09.020
Is earlier intervention for schizophrenia possible? Identifying antecedents of schizophrenia in children aged 9-12 years
Laurens, Kristin, Hodgins, Sheilagh, Taylor, Erica and Murray, Robin M.. (2011). Is earlier intervention for schizophrenia possible? Identifying antecedents of schizophrenia in children aged 9-12 years. In In David, Anthony S., Kapur, Shitij and McGuffin, Peter (Ed.). Schizophrenia : The final frontier - A festschrift for Robin M. Murray pp. 19-32 Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203808771
A systematic meta-review grading the evidence for non-genetic risk factors and putative antecedents of schizophrenia
Matheson, Sandra L., Shepherd, Alana M., Laurens, Kristin R. and Carr, Vaughn J.. (2011). A systematic meta-review grading the evidence for non-genetic risk factors and putative antecedents of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 133, pp. 133 - 142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.09.020
Psychotic-like experiences and depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents
Barragan, Marcela, Laurens, Kristin, Navarro, J. B. and Obiols, J. E.. (2011). Psychotic-like experiences and depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents. European Psychiatry. 26(6), pp. 396 - 401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.12.007
'Theory of Mind', psychotic-like experiences and psychometric schizotypy in adolescents from the general population
Barragan, Marcela, Laurens, Kristin, Navarro, J. B. and Obiols, J. E.. (2011). 'Theory of Mind', psychotic-like experiences and psychometric schizotypy in adolescents from the general population. Psychiatry Research. 186(2017-03-02), pp. 225 - 231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.051
Psychotic-like experiences and depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents
Barragan, Marcela, Laurens, Kristin, Navarro, J. B. and Obiols, J. E.. (2011). Psychotic-like experiences and depressive symptoms in a community sample of adolescents. European Psychiatry. 26(6), pp. 396 - 401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.12.007