Triage, treatment and transfer : Evidence-based clinical practice recommendations and models of nursing care for the first 72 hours of admission to hospital for acute stroke

Journal article

Middleton, Sandy, Grimley, Rohan and Alexandrov, Anne. (2015). Triage, treatment and transfer : Evidence-based clinical practice recommendations and models of nursing care for the first 72 hours of admission to hospital for acute stroke. Stroke. 46(2), pp. e18-e25. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006139
AuthorsMiddleton, Sandy, Grimley, Rohan and Alexandrov, Anne
Abstract

[Extract] Stroke is a medical emergency and care provided in the first hours is critical in shaping patients’ long-term recovery and prognosis.1 There is robust evidence demonstrating significant reductions in death and disability with early interventions in acute stroke care, including antiplatelet therapy2 stroke unit (SU) care3 and thrombolysis.4 International clinical guidelines for stroke provide key recommendations to guide clinical practice5–8; however, uptake of evidence-based care is variable and often less than optimal.9–14 For example, among patients with ischemic stroke, rates for treatment with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) are relatively low in the USA (5%)9 and Australia (7%),10 compared with Canada (12%)11 and some European centers (14%).15

Year2015
JournalStroke
Journal citation46 (2), pp. e18-e25
PublisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins Ltd.
ISSN1524-4628
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006139
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84922279089
Open accessPublished as green open access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page rangee18-e25
Research GroupNursing Research Institute
Author's accepted manuscript
File Access Level
Open
Publisher's version
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Controlled
Place of publicationUnited States of America
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Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Goyal, Nitin, Iftikhar, Sulaiman, Zand, Ramin, Chang, Jason J., Elijovich, Lucas, Alexandrov, Anne W., Malkoff, Marc D. and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2017). Sulfonylurea pretreatment and in-hospital use does not impact acute ischemic strokes (AIS) outcomes following intravenous thrombolysis. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 26(4), pp. 795 - 800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.10.019
Elevated pulse pressure levels are associated with increased in-hospital mortality in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Chang, Jason J., Khorchid, Yasser, Dillard, Kira, Kerro, Ali, Burgess, Lucia Goodwin, Cherkassky, Georgy, Goyal, Nitin, Chapple, Kristina, Alexandrov, Anne W., Buechner, David, Alexandrov, Andrei V. and Tsivgoulis, Georgios. (2017). Elevated pulse pressure levels are associated with increased in-hospital mortality in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. American Journal of Hypertension. 30(7), pp. 719 - 727. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpx025
Blood pressure reduction and secondary stroke prevention
Katsanos, Aristeidis H., Filippatou, Angeliki, Manios, Efstathios, Deftereos, Spyridon, Parissis, John T., Frogoudaki, Alexandra, Vrettou, Agathi-Rosa, Ikonomidis, Ignatios, Pikilidou, Maria, Kargiotis, Odysseas, Voumvourakis, Konstantinos, Alexandrov, Anne W., Alexandrov, Andrei V. and Tsivgoulis, Georgios. (2017). Blood pressure reduction and secondary stroke prevention. Hypertension. 69(1), pp. 171 - 179. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.08485
Multimorbidity, frailty and self-care: Important considerations in anticoagulation. Outcomes of the AFASTER study
Ferguson, Caleb, Inglis, Sally, Newton, Phillip, Middleton, Sandra Jane, Macdonald, Peter and Davidson, Patricia M.. (2017). Multimorbidity, frailty and self-care: Important considerations in anticoagulation. Outcomes of the AFASTER study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 16(2), pp. 113 - 124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474515116642604
Sulfonylurea drug pretreatment and functional outcome in diabetic patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Chang, Jason J., Khorchid, Yasser, Kerro, Ali, Goodwin Burgess, L., Goyal, Nitin, Alexandrov, Anne W., Alexandrov, Andrei V. and Tsivgoulis, Georgios. (2017). Sulfonylurea drug pretreatment and functional outcome in diabetic patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 381, pp. 182-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3252
Antiplatelet pretreatment and outcomes in intravenous thrombolysis for stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Katsanos, Aristeidis H., Zand, Ramin, Sharma, Vijay K., Köhrmann, Martin, Giannopoulos, Sotirios, Dardiotis, Efthymios, Alexandrov, Anne W., Mitsias, Panayiotis D., Schellinger, Peter D. and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2017). Antiplatelet pretreatment and outcomes in intravenous thrombolysis for stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Neurology. 264(6), pp. 1227 - 1235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-017-8520-1
Statin pretreatment is associated with better outcomes in large artery atherosclerotic stroke
Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Katsanos, Aristeidis H., Sharma, Vijay K., Krogias, Christos, Mikulik, Robert, Vadikolias, Konstantinos, Mijajlovic, Milija, Safouris, Apostolos, Zompola, Christina, Faissner, Simon, Weiss, Viktor, Giannopoulos, Sotirios, Vasdekis, Spyros, Boviatsis, Efstathios, Alexandrov, Anne W., Voumvourakis, Konstantinos and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2016). Statin pretreatment is associated with better outcomes in large artery atherosclerotic stroke. Neurology. 86(12), pp. 1103-1111. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002493
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis : A systematic review and meta-analysis
Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Katsanos, Aristeidis H., Magoufis, Georgios, Kargiotis, Odysseas, Papadimitropoulos, Georgios, Vadikolias, Konstantinos, Karapanayiotides, Theodoros, Ellul, John, Alexandrov, Anne W., Mitsias, Panayiotis D. and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2016). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting for symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 9(5), pp. 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285616650357
Novel oral anticoagulants for the secondary prevention of cerebral ischemia : A network meta-analysis
Katsanos, Aristeidis H., Mavridis, Dimitris, Parissis, John, Deftereos, Spyridon, Frogoudaki, Alexandra, Vrettou, Agathi-Rosa, Ikonomidis, Ignatios, Chondrogianni, Maria, Safouris, Apostolos, Filippatou, Angeliki, Voumvourakis, Konstantinos, Triantafyllou, Nikos, Ellul, John, Karapanayiotides, Theodore, Giannopoulos, Sotirios, Alexandrov, Anne W., Alexandrov, Andrei V. and Tsivgoulis, Georgios. (2016). Novel oral anticoagulants for the secondary prevention of cerebral ischemia : A network meta-analysis. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 9(5), pp. 359-368. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285616659411
Direct stroke unit admission of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator : Safety, clinical outcome, and hospital cost savings
Alexandrov, Anne W., Coleman, Kisha C., Palazzo, Paola, Shahripour, Reza Bavarsad and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2016). Direct stroke unit admission of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator : Safety, clinical outcome, and hospital cost savings. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders. 9(4), pp. 304-309. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756285616648061
Transcranial Doppler versus transthoracic echocardiography for the detection of patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic cerebral ischemia: A systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis
Katsanos, Aristeidis H., Psaltopoulou, Theodora, Sergentanis, Theodoros N., Frogoudaki, Alexandra, Vrettou, Agathi Rosa, Ikonomidis, Ignatios, Paraskevaidis, Ioannis, Parissis, John T., Bogiatzi, Chrysa, Zompola, Christina, Ellul, John, Triantafyllou, Nikos, Voumvourakis, Konstantinos, Kyritsis, Athanassios P., Giannopoulos, Sotirios, Alexandrov, Anne, Alexandrov, Andrei V. and Tsivgoulis, Georgios. (2016). Transcranial Doppler versus transthoracic echocardiography for the detection of patent foramen ovale in patients with cryptogenic cerebral ischemia: A systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis. Annals of Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24609
A randomized controlled trial of very early rehabilitation in speech after stroke
Godecke, Erin, Armstrong, Elizabeth A., Middleton, Sandra Jane, Whitworth, Anne, Ciccone, Natalie, Rai, Tapan, Rose, Miranda, Holland, Audrey, Ellery, Fiona, Hankey, Graeme J., Cadilhac, Dominique A. and Bernhardt, Julie. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of very early rehabilitation in speech after stroke. International Journal of Stroke. 11(5), pp. 586 - 592. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493016641116
How has the profile of Australian Nurse practitioners changed over time?
Middleton, Sandra Jane, Gardner, Anne, Della, Phillip R., Lam, Lawrence, Allnutt, Nissa and Gardner, Glenn. (2016). How has the profile of Australian Nurse practitioners changed over time? Collegian. 23(1), pp. 69 - 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2014.10.004
A behaviour change program to increase outings delivered during therapy to stroke survivors by community rehabilitation teams : The Out-and-About trial
McCluskey, Annie, Ada, Louise, Kelly, Patrick J., Middleton, Sandy, Goodall, Stephen, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Logan, Pip, Longworth, Mark and Karageorge, Aspasia. (2016). A behaviour change program to increase outings delivered during therapy to stroke survivors by community rehabilitation teams : The Out-and-About trial. International Journal of Stroke. 11(4), pp. 425-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493016632246
Risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke and high cerebral microbleed burden ameta-analysis
Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Zand, Ramin, Katsanos, Aristeidis H., Turc, Guillaume, Nolte, Christian H., Jung, Simon, Cordonnier, Charlotte, Fiebach, Jochen B., Scheitz, Jan F., Klinger-Gratz, Pascal P., Oppenheim, Catherine, Goyal, Nitin, Safouris, Apostolos, Mattle, Heinrich P., Alexandrov, Anne W., Schellinger, Peter D. and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2016). Risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke and high cerebral microbleed burden ameta-analysis. JAMA Neurology. 73(6), pp. 675 - 683. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0292
A survey of acute care clinicians views on factors influencing hand hygiene practice and actions to improve hand hygiene compliance
Jammali-Blasi, Asmara, McInnes, Elizabeth Catherine and Middleton, Sandra Jane. (2016). A survey of acute care clinicians views on factors influencing hand hygiene practice and actions to improve hand hygiene compliance. Infection, Disease and Health. 21(1), pp. 16 - 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idh.2016.01.004
Better outcomes for hospitalized patients with TIA when in stroke units: An observational study
Cadilhac, Dominique A., Kim, Joosup, Lannin, Natasha A., Levi, Christopher R., Dewey, Helen M., Hill, Kelvin, Faux, Steven, Andrew, Nadine E., Kilkenny, Monique F., Grimley, Rohan, Thrift, Amanda G., Grabsch, Brenda, Middleton, Sandy, Anderson, Craig S. and Donnan, Geoffrey A.. (2016). Better outcomes for hospitalized patients with TIA when in stroke units: An observational study. Neurology. 86(22), pp. 2042-2048. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002715
Do billing codes accurately capture intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment rates? Justified concern for clinical performance measures based on billing code assignment
Palazzo, Paola, Alexandrov, Andrei V. and Alexandrov, Anne. (2015). Do billing codes accurately capture intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment rates? Justified concern for clinical performance measures based on billing code assignment. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 24(2), pp. 327 - 329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.08.024
Stroke unit Nurse Managers’ views of individual and organisational factors liable to influence evidence-based practice : A survey
Drury, Peta, McInnes, Elizabeth, Hardy, Jennifer, Dale, Simeon and Middleton, Sandy. (2015). Stroke unit Nurse Managers’ views of individual and organisational factors liable to influence evidence-based practice : A survey. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 22(2), pp. 169-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12396
Investigating the utility of previously developed prediction scores in acute ischemic stroke patients in the stroke belt
Boehme, Amelia K., Rawal, Pawan V., Lyerly, Michael J., Albright, Karen C., Shahripour, Reza Bavarsad, Palazzo, Paola, Kapoor, Niren, Alvi, Muhammad Yasin, Houston, J. Thomas, Harrigan, Mark R., Cava, Luis, Sisson, April, Alexandrov, Anne W. and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2014). Investigating the utility of previously developed prediction scores in acute ischemic stroke patients in the stroke belt. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 23(8), pp. 2001 - 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.02.003
Health service management study for stroke : A randomized controlled trial to evaluate two models of stroke care
Chan, Daniel K.Y., Levi, Chris, Cordato, Dennis, O'Rourke, Fintan, Chen, Jack, Redmond, Helen, Xu, Ying-Hua, Middleton, Sandy, Pollack, Michael and Hankey, Graeme. (2014). Health service management study for stroke : A randomized controlled trial to evaluate two models of stroke care. International Journal of Stroke. 9(4), pp. 400-405. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijs.12240
Race, regionality and pre-diabetes in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study
Lee, Loretta T., Alexandrov, Anne W. and Howard, Virginia J.. (2014). Race, regionality and pre-diabetes in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Preventive Medicine. 63(June), pp. 43 - 47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.02.013
A Systematic Review of Probiotics as a Potential Intervention to Restore Gut Health in HIV Infection
Wilson, Natalie, Moneyham, Linda and Alexandrov, Anne. (2013). A Systematic Review of Probiotics as a Potential Intervention to Restore Gut Health in HIV Infection. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jana.2012.04.004
Slim Stroke scales for assessing patients with acute stroke : Ease of use or loss of valuable assessment data?
Nye, Brandon, Hyde, Christina, Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Albright, Karen, Alexandrov, Andrei and Alexandrov, Anne. (2012). Slim Stroke scales for assessing patients with acute stroke : Ease of use or loss of valuable assessment data? American Journal of Critical Care. 21(6), pp. 442 - 448. https://doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2012633
Stroke management : Updated recommendations for treatment along the care continuum
Wright, Leah, Hill, Kelvin M., Bernhardt, Julie, Lindley, Richard, Ada, Louise, Bajorek, Beata V., Barber, P. Alan, Beer, Christopher, Golledge, Jonathon, Gustafsson, L., Hersh, D., Kenardy, J., Perry, L., Middleton, S., Brauer, S. G. and Nelson, M. R.. (2012). Stroke management : Updated recommendations for treatment along the care continuum. Internal Medicine Journal. 42(5), pp. 562 - 569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.2012.02774.x
Doing the simple things well
Middleton, Sandy. (2012). Doing the simple things well. Royal College of Nursing Australia. 19(2), pp. 65-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2012.04.001
The Effect of Facilitated Peer Support Sessions on Burnout and Grief Management among Health Care Providers in Pediatric Intensive Care Units : A Pilot Study
Eagle, Samantha, Creel, Amy and Alexandrov, Anne. (2012). The Effect of Facilitated Peer Support Sessions on Burnout and Grief Management among Health Care Providers in Pediatric Intensive Care Units : A Pilot Study. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 15(11), pp. 1178 - 1180. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2012.0231
Utility of Cocaine Drug Screens to Predict Safe Delivery of General Anesthesia for ElectiveSurgical Patients
Baxter, Joshua and Alexandrov, Anne. (2012). Utility of Cocaine Drug Screens to Predict Safe Delivery of General Anesthesia for ElectiveSurgical Patients. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Journal. 80(4 Suppl), pp. S33 - S36.
Improving quality of life by increasing outings after stroke : Study protocol for the Out-and-About trial
McClusky, Annie, Ada, Louise, Middleton, Sandy, Kelly, Patrick J., Goodall, Stephen, Grimshaw, Jeremy M., Logan, Pip, Longworth, Mark and Karageorge, A.. (2012). Improving quality of life by increasing outings after stroke : Study protocol for the Out-and-About trial. International Journal of Stroke. 8(1), pp. 54-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00966.x
Low-power 2-MHz pulsed-wave transcranial ultrasound reduces ischemic brain damage in rats
Alexandrov, Andrei V., Barlinn, Kristian, Strong, Roger, Alexandrov, Anne W. and Aronowski, Jaroslaw. (2011). Low-power 2-MHz pulsed-wave transcranial ultrasound reduces ischemic brain damage in rats. Translational Stroke Research. 2(3), pp. 376 - 381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-011-0080-6
Safety and outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis in stroke mimics :A 6-year, single-care center study and a pooled analysis of reported series
Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Alexandrov, Andrei, Chang, Jason, Sharma, Vijay, Hoover, Steven, Lao, Annabelle, Liu, Wei, Stamboulis, Elefterios, Alexandrov, Anne, Malkoff, Marc, Frey, James and Frey, James. (2011). Safety and outcomes of intravenous thrombolysis in stroke mimics :A 6-year, single-care center study and a pooled analysis of reported series. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 42(6), pp. 1771 - 1774. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.609339
Reperfusion and outcomes in Penumbra vs. systemic tissue plasminogen activator clinical trials
Alexandrov, Andrei, Schellinger, Peter, Saqqur, Maher, Barreto, Andrew, Demchuk, Andrew, Ribo, Marc, Rubiera, Marta, Sharma, Vijay, Heliopoulos, Ioannis, Alexandrov, Anne, Molina, Carlos, Tsivgoulis, Georgios and Tsivgoulis, Georgios. (2011). Reperfusion and outcomes in Penumbra vs. systemic tissue plasminogen activator clinical trials. International Journal of Stroke. 6(2), pp. 118 - 122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00559.x
Computed tomography perfusion prognostic maps do not predict reversible and irreversible neurological dysfunction following reperfusion therapies
Zhao, Limin, Barlinn, Kristian, Bag, Asim, Kesani, Maruthi, Cava, Luis, Balucani, Clotilde, Alexandrov, Anne, Horton, Joseph, Patterson, Damon and Harrigan, Mark. (2011). Computed tomography perfusion prognostic maps do not predict reversible and irreversible neurological dysfunction following reperfusion therapies. International Journal of Stroke. 6(6), pp. 544 - 546. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00681.x
Safety and tolerability of early noninvasive ventilatory correction using bilevel positive airway pressure in acute ischemic stroke
Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Zhang, Yi, Alexandrov, Anne, Harrigan, Mark, Sisson, April, Zhao, Limin, Brethour, Mary, Cava, Luis, Balucani, Clotilde, Barlinn, Kristian, Patterson, Damon, Giannopoulos, Sotirios, DeWolfe, Jennifer and Alexandrov, Andrei. (2011). Safety and tolerability of early noninvasive ventilatory correction using bilevel positive airway pressure in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 42(4), pp. 1030 - 1034. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.600221
End-diastolic velocity increase predicts recanalization and neurological improvement in patients with ischemic stroke with proximal arterial occlusions receiving reperfusion therapies
Alexandrov, Andrei, Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Rubiera, Marta, Vadikolias, Konstantinos, Stamboulis, Elefterios, Molina, Carlos and Alexandrov, Anne. (2010). End-diastolic velocity increase predicts recanalization and neurological improvement in patients with ischemic stroke with proximal arterial occlusions receiving reperfusion therapies. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 41(5), pp. 948 - 952. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.577502
What is a stroke?
Alexandrov, Anne W.. (2010). What is a stroke? In In J. Williams, L. Perry and C. Watkins (Ed.). Acute Stroke Nursing pp. 33 - 65
Acute stroke nursing management
Alexandrov, Anne W.. (2010). Acute stroke nursing management. In In J. Williams, L. Perry and C. Watkins (Ed.). Acute Stroke Nursing pp. 66 - 90 Blackwell Publishing.
Postgraduate fellowship education and training for nurses: The NET SMART Experience
Alexandrov, Anne W., Brethour, Mary K., Cudlip, Fern, Swatzell, Victoria, Biby, Sharon, Reiner, Dana, Kiernan, Terri-Ellen, Handler, Diane, Tocco, Susan and Yang, Joanna Jiehong. (2009). Postgraduate fellowship education and training for nurses: The NET SMART Experience. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America. 21(4), pp. 435 - 449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2009.09.001
Pre-tissue plasminogen activator blood pressure levels and risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage
Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Frey, James L., Flaster, Murray, Sharma, Vijay K., Lao, Annabelle Y., Hoover, Steven L., Liu, Wei, Stamboulis, Elefterios, Alexandrov, Anne W., Malkoff, Marc D. and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2009). Pre-tissue plasminogen activator blood pressure levels and risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 40(11), pp. 3631 - 3634. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.564096
Prevalence and risk factors associated with reversed robin hood syndrome in acute ischemic stroke
Alexandrov, Andrei V., Nguyen, Huy Thang, Rubiera, Marta, Alexandrov, Anne W., Zhao, Limin, Heliopoulos, Ioannis, Robinson, Alice, DeWolfe, Jennifer and Tsivgoulis, Georgios. (2009). Prevalence and risk factors associated with reversed robin hood syndrome in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 40(8), pp. 2738 - 2742. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.547950
Methodologic challenges in the design and conduct of hyperacute stroke research
Alexandrov, Anne. (2008). Methodologic challenges in the design and conduct of hyperacute stroke research. AACN Advanced Critical Care. 19(2), pp. 186 - 201. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AACN.0000318122.56759.55
Perfusion augmentation in acute stroke using mechanical counter-pulsation-phase iia: Effect of external counterpulsation on middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity in five healthy subjects
Alexandrov, Anne W., Ribo, Marc, Wong, Kay Sing, Sugg, Rebecca M., Garami, Zsolt, Jesurum, Jill T., Montgomery, Baxter and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2008). Perfusion augmentation in acute stroke using mechanical counter-pulsation-phase iia: Effect of external counterpulsation on middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity in five healthy subjects. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 39(10), pp. 2760 - 2764. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.512418
Preliminary findings of external counterpulsation for ischemic stroke patient with large artery occlusive disease
Han, Jing Hao, Leung, Thomas W., Lam, Wynnie W., Soo, Yannie O., Alexandrov, Anne W., Mok, Vincent, Leung, Yee-Fong V., Lo, Raymond and Wong, Ka Sing. (2008). Preliminary findings of external counterpulsation for ischemic stroke patient with large artery occlusive disease. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 39(4), pp. 1340 - 1343. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.500132
Quantification of microspheres appearance in brain vessels: Implications for residual flow velocity measurements, dose calculations, and potential drug delivery
Sharma, Vijay K., Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Lao, Annabelle Y., Malkoff, Marc D., Alexandrov, Anne W. and Alexandrov, Andrei V.. (2008). Quantification of microspheres appearance in brain vessels: Implications for residual flow velocity measurements, dose calculations, and potential drug delivery. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 39(5), pp. 1476 - 1481. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.501593