The classification of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in male and female adolescents

Journal article


Schneider, Sophie C., Baillie, Andrew J., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2018). The classification of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in male and female adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders. 225, pp. 429 - 437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.062
AuthorsSchneider, Sophie C., Baillie, Andrew J., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Hudson, Jennifer L.
Abstract

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) was categorised in DSM-5 within the newly created ‘obsessive-compulsive and related disorders’ chapter, however this classification remains subject to debate. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test competing models of the co-occurrence of symptoms of BDD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, unipolar depression, anxiety, and eating disorders in a community sample of adolescents, and to explore potential sex differences in these models. Methods: Self-report questionnaires assessing disorder symptoms were completed by 3149 Australian adolescents. The fit of correlated factor models was calculated separately in males and females, and measurement invariance testing compared parameters of the best-fitting model between males and females. Results: All theoretical models of the classification of BDD had poor fit to the data. Good fit was found for a novel model where BDD symptoms formed a distinct latent factor, correlated with affective disorder and eating disorder latent factors. Metric non-invariance was found between males and females, and the majority of factor loadings differed between males and females. Correlations between some latent factors also differed by sex. Limitations: Only cross-sectional data were collected, and the study did not assess a broad range of DSM-5 defined eating disorder symptoms or other disorders in the DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders chapter. Conclusions This study is the first to statistically evaluate competing models of BDD classification. The findings highlight the unique features of BDD and its associations with affective and eating disorders. Future studies examining the classification of BDD should consider developmental and sex differences in their models.

KeywordsBody dysmorphic disorder; adolescent; comorbidity; classification; confirmatory factor analysis; sex differences
Year2018
JournalJournal of Affective Disorders
Journal citation225, pp. 429 - 437
ISSN0165-0327
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.062
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85028434528
Open accessPublished as green open access
Page range429 - 437
Author's accepted manuscript
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Open
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All rights reserved
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ARC Funded ResearchThis output has been funded, wholly or partially, under the Australian Research Council Act 2001
Grant IDARC/LP130100576
ARC/FT120100217
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