The classification of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in male and female adolescents

Journal article


Schneider, Sophie C., Baillie, Andrew J., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2018). The classification of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in male and female adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders. 225, pp. 429 - 437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.062
AuthorsSchneider, Sophie C., Baillie, Andrew J., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Hudson, Jennifer L.
Abstract

Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) was categorised in DSM-5 within the newly created ‘obsessive-compulsive and related disorders’ chapter, however this classification remains subject to debate. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test competing models of the co-occurrence of symptoms of BDD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, unipolar depression, anxiety, and eating disorders in a community sample of adolescents, and to explore potential sex differences in these models. Methods: Self-report questionnaires assessing disorder symptoms were completed by 3149 Australian adolescents. The fit of correlated factor models was calculated separately in males and females, and measurement invariance testing compared parameters of the best-fitting model between males and females. Results: All theoretical models of the classification of BDD had poor fit to the data. Good fit was found for a novel model where BDD symptoms formed a distinct latent factor, correlated with affective disorder and eating disorder latent factors. Metric non-invariance was found between males and females, and the majority of factor loadings differed between males and females. Correlations between some latent factors also differed by sex. Limitations: Only cross-sectional data were collected, and the study did not assess a broad range of DSM-5 defined eating disorder symptoms or other disorders in the DSM-5 obsessive-compulsive and related disorders chapter. Conclusions This study is the first to statistically evaluate competing models of BDD classification. The findings highlight the unique features of BDD and its associations with affective and eating disorders. Future studies examining the classification of BDD should consider developmental and sex differences in their models.

KeywordsBody dysmorphic disorder; adolescent; comorbidity; classification; confirmatory factor analysis; sex differences
Year2018
JournalJournal of Affective Disorders
Journal citation225, pp. 429 - 437
ISSN0165-0327
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.062
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85028434528
Open accessPublished as green open access
Page range429 - 437
Author's accepted manuscript
License
File Access Level
Open
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
ARC Funded ResearchThis output has been funded, wholly or partially, under the Australian Research Council Act 2001
Grant IDARC/LP130100576
ARC/FT120100217
Permalink -

https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/861x0/the-classification-of-body-dysmorphic-disorder-symptoms-in-male-and-female-adolescents

Download files


Author's accepted manuscript

Restricted files

Publisher's version

  • 101
    total views
  • 572
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 1
    downloads this month
These values are for the period from 19th October 2020, when this repository was created.

Export as

Related outputs

Moderators and predictors of outcomes in telephone delivered compared to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy for paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder : Preliminary evidence from a non-inferiority RCT
Nair, A., Turner, C., Heyman, I., Mataix-Cols, D., Lovell, K., Krebs, G., Lang, K., Byford, S. and O’Kearney, R.. (2019). Moderators and predictors of outcomes in telephone delivered compared to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy for paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder : Preliminary evidence from a non-inferiority RCT. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 48(5), pp. 353-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2018.1513555
Body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and quality of life : The role of clinical and demographic variables
Schneider, Sophie C., Turner, Cynthia M., Storch, Eric A. and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2019). Body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and quality of life : The role of clinical and demographic variables. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. 21, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.11.002
Sex differences in the presentation of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of adolescents
Schneider, Sophie C., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2019). Sex differences in the presentation of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 48(3), pp. 516 - 528. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1321001
Prevalence and correlates of clinically significant body-focused repetitive behaviors in a non-clinical sample
Solley, Katelyn and Turner, Cynthia. (2018). Prevalence and correlates of clinically significant body-focused repetitive behaviors in a non-clinical sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 86, pp. 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.06.014
Moderators and predictors of response to cognitive behaviour therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder : A systematic review
Turner, Cynthia, O'Gorman, Beth, Nair, Archana and O'Kearney, Richard. (2018). Moderators and predictors of response to cognitive behaviour therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder : A systematic review. Psychiatry Research. 261, pp. 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.034
Measurement invariance of a body dysmorphic disorder symptom questionnaire across sex: The Body Image Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent Version
Schneider, Sophie C., Baillie, Andrew J., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia M. and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2018). Measurement invariance of a body dysmorphic disorder symptom questionnaire across sex: The Body Image Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent Version. Assessment. 25(8), pp. 1026 - 1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116679504
Prevalence and correlates of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of adolescents
Schneider, Sophie C., Turner, Cynthia M., Mond, Jonathan and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 51(6), pp. 595 - 603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867416665483
Subthreshold body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents : Prevalence and impact
Schneider, Sophie C., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia M. and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2017). Subthreshold body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents : Prevalence and impact. Psychiatry Research. 251, pp. 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.085
When adolescents feel ugly: Cognitive behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder in youth
Turner, Cynthia and Cadman, Jacinda. (2017). When adolescents feel ugly: Cognitive behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder in youth. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 31(4), pp. 242 - 254. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.4.242
Phenomographic elaboration: Arts-based inquiry as a complement to data collection and analysis
Turner, Michelle and Noble, Karen. (2015). Phenomographic elaboration: Arts-based inquiry as a complement to data collection and analysis. Australian Association for Reseach in Educaiton (AARE) Conference 2015. Australia: Australian Association for Reseach in Education (AARE). pp. 1 - 12
How resistant is 'treatment-resistant' obsessive-compulsive disorder in youth?
Krebs, Georgina, Isomura, Kayoko, Lang, Katie, Jassi, Amita, Heyman, Isobel, Diamond, Holly, Advani, Jana, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Mataix-Cols, David. (2015). How resistant is 'treatment-resistant' obsessive-compulsive disorder in youth? British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 54(1), pp. 63 - 75. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12061
Effects of homework compliance on cognitive-behavioral therapy with D-Cycloserine augmentation for children with obsessive compulsive disorder
Olatunji, Bunmi O., Rosenfield, David, Monzani, Benedetta, Krebs, Georgina, Heyman, Isobel, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Isomura, Kayoko and Mataix-Cols, David. (2015). Effects of homework compliance on cognitive-behavioral therapy with D-Cycloserine augmentation for children with obsessive compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety. 32, pp. 935 - 943. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22423
Transformation obsessions in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical characteristics and treatment response to cognitive behaviour therapy
Monzani, Benedetta, Jassi, A., Heyman, Isobel, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Volz, C. and Krebs, Georgina. (2015). Transformation obsessions in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical characteristics and treatment response to cognitive behaviour therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 48, pp. 75 - 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.02.004
A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder
Mataix-Cols, David, de la Cruz, Lorena Fernández, Isomura, Kayoko, Anson, Martin, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Monzani, Benedetta, Cadman, Jacinda, Bowyer, Laura, Heyman, Isobel, Veale, David and Krebs, Georgina. (2015). A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 54(11), pp. 895 - 904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.08.011
Body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents
Turner, Cynthia and O'Gorman, Beth. (2015). Body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents. Australian Clinical Psychologist. 1(1), pp. 70 - 73.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy with post-session D-cycloserine augmentation for paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Pilot randomised controlled trial
Mataix-Cols, David, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Monzani, Benedetta, Isomura, Kayoko, Murphy, Caroline, Krebs, Georgina and Heyman, Isobel. (2014). Cognitive-behavioural therapy with post-session D-cycloserine augmentation for paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Pilot randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 204(1), pp. 77 - 78. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126284
Telephone cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Mataix-Cols, David, Lovell, Karina, Krebs, Georgina, Lang, Katie, Byford, Sarah and Heyman, Isobel. (2014). Telephone cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 53(12), pp. 1298 - 1307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.012
The feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive-behavioural self-help intervention for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Robinson, Sarah, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Heyman, Isobel and Farquharson, Lorna. (2013). The feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive-behavioural self-help intervention for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 41(1), pp. 117 - 122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465812000562
Temper outbursts in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder and their association with depressed mood and treatment outcome
Krebs, Georgina, Bolhuis, Koen, Heyman, Isobel, Mataix-Cols, David, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Stringaris, Argyris. (2013). Temper outbursts in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder and their association with depressed mood and treatment outcome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 54(3), pp. 313 - 322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02605.x
Are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder temporally stable in children/adolescents? A prospective naturalistic study
de la Cruz, Lorena Fernández, Micali, Nadia, Roberts, Samuel, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Nakatani, Eriko, Heyman, Isobel and Mataix-Cols, David. (2013). Are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder temporally stable in children/adolescents? A prospective naturalistic study. Psychiatry Research. 209(2), pp. 196 - 201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.033
Parent experiences of attending a specialist clinic for assessment of their child's obsessive compulsive disorder
Hilton, Kristina, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Krebs, Georgina, Volz, Chloe and Heyman, Isobel. (2012). Parent experiences of attending a specialist clinic for assessment of their child's obsessive compulsive disorder. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 17(1), pp. 31 - 36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00607.x
Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder: A case series
Krebs, Georgina, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Heyman, Isobel and Mataix-Cols, David. (2012). Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder: A case series. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 40(4), pp. 452 - 461. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465812000100
Is childhood OCD a risk factor for eating disorders in later life? A longitudinal study
Micali, Nadia, Hilton, Kristina, Natatani, Eriko, Heyman, Isobel, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Mataix-Cols, David. (2011). Is childhood OCD a risk factor for eating disorders in later life? A longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine. 41(12), pp. 2507 - 2513. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171100078X
Children with early onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical features and treatment outcome
Nakatani, Eriko, Krebs, Georgina, Micali, Nadia, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Heyman, Isobel and Mataix-Cols, David. (2011). Children with early onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical features and treatment outcome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 52(12), pp. 1261 - 1268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02434.x