Investigating measures of intensity during a structured upper limb exercise program in stroke rehabilitation: An exploratory study

Journal article


Connell, Louise A., McMahon, Naoimh E., Simpson, Lisa A., Watkins, Caroline Leigh and Eng, Janice Jennifer. (2014). Investigating measures of intensity during a structured upper limb exercise program in stroke rehabilitation: An exploratory study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 95(12), pp. 2410 - 2419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.025
AuthorsConnell, Louise A., McMahon, Naoimh E., Simpson, Lisa A., Watkins, Caroline Leigh and Eng, Janice Jennifer
Abstract

Objectives: To use 3 measures of intensity—time, observed repetitions, and wrist accelerometer activity counts—to describe the intensity of exercise carried out when completing a structured upper limb exercise program, and to explore whether a relationship exists between wrist accelerometer activity counts and observed repetitions. Design: Observational study design. Setting: Rehabilitation center research laboratory. Participants: Community-dwelling stroke survivors (N=13) with upper limb hemiparesis. Intervention: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Time engaged in exercise, total repetitions, and accelerometer activity counts for the affected upper limb. Results: Mean session time ± SD was 48.5±7.8 minutes. Participants were observed to be engaged in exercises for 63.8%±7.5% of the total session time. The median number of observed repetitions per session was 340 (interquartile range [IQR], 199–407), of which 251 (IQR, 80–309) were purposeful repetitions. Wrist accelerometers showed the stroke survivors' upper limbs to be moving for 75.7%±15.9% of the total session time. Purposeful repetitions and activity counts were found to be significantly correlated (ρ=.627, P < .05). Conclusions: Stroke survivors were not actively engaged in exercises for approximately one third of each exercise session. Overall session time may not be the most accurate measure of intensity. Counting repetitions was feasible when using a structured exercise program and provides a clinically meaningful way of monitoring intensity and progression. Wrist accelerometers provided an objective measure for how much the arm moves, which correlated with purposeful repetitions. Further research using repetitions and accelerometers as measures of intensity is warranted.

Keywordsexercise; rehabilitation; stroke; time; upper extremity
Year2014
JournalArchives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Journal citation95 (12), pp. 2410 - 2419
PublisherW.B. Saunders
ISSN0003-9993
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2014.05.025
Page range2410 - 2419
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited States of America
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French, Beverley, Thomas, Lois, Leathley, Michael, Sutton, Christopher, McAdam, Joanna, Forster, Anne, Langhorne, Peter, Price, Chris, Walker, Annette and Watkins, Caroline. (2010). Does repetitive task training improve functional activity after stroke? : A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 42(1), pp. 9 - 15. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0473
Very early rehabilitation or intensive telemetry after stroke : A pilot randomised trial
Langhorne, P, Stott, D, Knight, A, Bernhardt, Julie, Barer, D and Watkins, Caroline. (2010). Very early rehabilitation or intensive telemetry after stroke : A pilot randomised trial. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 29(4), pp. 352 - 360. https://doi.org/10.1159/000278931
Does repetitive task training improve functional activity after stroke? : A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
French, Beverley, Thomas, Lois, Leathley, Michael, Sutton, Christopher, McAdam, Joanna, Forster, Anne, Langhorne, Peter, Price, Chris, Walker, Annette and Watkins, Caroline. (2010). Does repetitive task training improve functional activity after stroke? : A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 42(1), pp. 9 - 15. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0473
Stroke knowledge and awareness : An integrative review of the evidence
Jones, Susanne, Jenkinson, A, Leathley, M and Watkins, Caroline. (2010). Stroke knowledge and awareness : An integrative review of the evidence. Age and Ageing. 39(1), pp. 11 - 22. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afp196;10.1093/ageing/afp196
Nursing patients with neurological problems
Watkins, Caroline Leigh. (2009). Nursing patients with neurological problems. In In G. Castledine and A. Close (Ed.). Oxford handbook of adult nursing pp. 435 - 484 Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199231355.003.0013
Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke
French, Beverley, Thomas, Lois H., Leathley, Michael John, Sutton, Christopher J., McAdam, Joanna J., Forster, Anne, Langhorne, Peter J., Price, Christopher I.M., Walker, Andrew and Watkins, Caroline L.. (2009). Repetitive task training for improving functional ability after stroke. Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. 40(4), pp. 98 - 99. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.519553
Psychological intervention poststroke: ready for action?
Watkins, Caroline and French, Beverley. (2009). Psychological intervention poststroke: ready for action? Stroke. 40(9), pp. 2951 - 2952. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.109.562348
Treatment of stroke: Acting on the symptoms
Jones, Stephanie, Leathley, Michael J. and Watkins, Caroline Leigh. (2008). Treatment of stroke: Acting on the symptoms. Asian Hospital and Healthcare Management.
Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (review)
Thomas, Lois H., Cross, S., French, B., Leathley, M. J., Sutton, C. J. and Watkins, Caroline Leigh. (2008). Treatment of urinary incontinence after stroke in adults (review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004462.pub3
Engaging service users in the development of stroke services: An action research study
Jones, Stephanie P., Auton, Malcolm F., Burton, Christopher R. and Watkins, Caroline L.. (2008). Engaging service users in the development of stroke services: An action research study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 17(10), pp. 1270 - 1279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.02259.x
Acute stroke management: An online course
Jones, Stephanie, McLoughlin, A. and Watkins, Caroline. (2008). Acute stroke management: An online course. Journal of Paramedic Practice: the clinical monthly for emergency care professionals. 3(6), pp. 322 - 326.
Can early onset bone loss be effectively managed in post-stroke patients? An integrative review of the evidence
Marsden, Jenny, Gibson, Lorna Mary, Lightbody, Catherine Elizabeth, Sharma, Anil Kumar, Siddiqi, Mashood and Watkins, Caroline. (2008). Can early onset bone loss be effectively managed in post-stroke patients? An integrative review of the evidence. Age and Ageing. 37(2), pp. 142 - 150. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afm198
A systematic review of repetitive functional task practice with modelling of resource use, costs and effectiveness
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