Increasing leucine concentration stimulates mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling an cell growth in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells
Journal article
Areta, José, Hawley, John A., Ye, Ji-Ming, Chan, M. H. Stanley and Coffey, Vernon. (2014). Increasing leucine concentration stimulates mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling an cell growth in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Nutrition Research. 34(11), pp. 1000 - 1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2014.09.011
Authors | Areta, José, Hawley, John A., Ye, Ji-Ming, Chan, M. H. Stanley and Coffey, Vernon |
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Abstract | Leucine is a key amino acid for initiating translation in muscle cells, but the dose-dependent effects of leucine on intracellular signaling are poorly characterized. This study examined the effect that increasing doses of leucine would have on changes in mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)–mediated signaling, rates of protein synthesis, and cell size in C2C12 cells. We hypothesized that a leucine “threshold” exists, which represents the minimum stimulus required to initiate mTOR signaling in muscle cells. Acute exposure to 1.5, 3.2, 5.0, and 16.1 mM leucine increased phosphorylation of mTORSer2448(~1.4-fold; P < .04), 4E-BP1 Thr37/46 (~1.9-fold; P < .001), and rpS6Ser235/6(~2.3-fold; P < .001). However, only p70S6kThr389 exhibited a dose-dependent response to leucine with all treatments higher than control (~4-fold; P < .001) and at least 5 mM higher than the 1.5-mM concentration (1.2-fold; P < .02). Rates of protein synthesis were not altered by any treatment. Seven days of exposure to 0.5, 1.5, 5.0, and 16.5 mM leucine resulted in an increase in cell size in at least 5 mM treatments (~1.6-fold, P < .001 vs control). Our findings indicate that even at low leucine concentrations, phosphorylation of proteins regulating translation initiation signaling is enhanced. The phosphorylation of p70S6kThr389 follows a leucine dose-response relationship, although this was not reflected by the acute protein synthetic response. Nevertheless, under the conditions of the present study, it appears that leucine concentrations of at least 5 mM are necessary to enhance cell growth. |
Year | 2014 |
Journal | Nutrition Research |
Journal citation | 34 (11), pp. 1000 - 1007 |
ISSN | 0271-5317 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2014.09.011 |
Page range | 1000 - 1007 |
Research Group | Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre |
Publisher's version | File Access Level Controlled |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/877w4/increasing-leucine-concentration-stimulates-mechanistic-target-of-rapamycin-signaling-an-cell-growth-in-c2c12-skeletal-muscle-cells
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