Feeling bad about being sad: The role of social expectancies in amplifying negative mood

Journal article


Bastian, Brock, Kuppens, Peter, Hornsey, Matthew J., Park, Joohna, Koval, Peter and Uchida, Yukiko. (2012). Feeling bad about being sad: The role of social expectancies in amplifying negative mood. Emotion. 12(1), pp. 69 - 80. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024755
AuthorsBastian, Brock, Kuppens, Peter, Hornsey, Matthew J., Park, Joohna, Koval, Peter and Uchida, Yukiko
Abstract

Our perception of how others expect us to feel has significant implications for our emotional functioning. Across 4 studies the authors demonstrate that when people think others expect them not to feel negative emotions (i.e., sadness) they experience more negative emotion and reduced well-being. The authors show that perceived social expectancies predict these differences in emotion and well-being both more consistently than—and independently of—personal expectancies and that they do so by promoting negative self-evaluation when experiencing negative emotion. We find evidence for these effects within Australia (Studies 1 and 2) as well as Japan (Study 2), although the effects of social expectancies are especially evident in the former (Studies 1 and 2). We also find experimental evidence for the causal role of social expectancies in negative emotional responses to negative emotional events (Studies 3 and 4). In short, when people perceive that others think they should feel happy, and not sad, this leads them to feel sad more frequently and intensely.

Keywordsculture; emotion norms; expectancies; ruminative self-focus; social appraisal; sad; negative mood
Year2012
JournalEmotion
Journal citation12 (1), pp. 69 - 80
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association
ISSN1528-3542
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024755
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84864349955
Page range69 - 80
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited States of America
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