The x-factor and its relationship to golfing performance

Journal article


Cole, Michael H. and Grimshaw, Paul N.. (2009). The x-factor and its relationship to golfing performance. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports. 5(1), pp. 1 - 19. https://doi.org/10.2202/1559-0410.1134
AuthorsCole, Michael H. and Grimshaw, Paul N.
Abstract

It is often postulated that an increased hip to shoulder differential angle (`X-Factor') during the early downswing better utilises the stretch-shorten cycle and improves golf performance. The current study aims to examine the potential relationship between the X-Factor and performance during the tee-shot. Seven golfers with handicaps between 0 and 10 strokes comprised the low-handicap group, whilst the high-handicap group consisted of eight golfers with handicaps between 11 and 20 strokes. The golfers performed 20 drives and three-dimensional kinematic data were used to quantify hip and shoulder rotation and the subsequent X-Factor. Compared with the low-handicap group, the high-handicap golfers tended to demonstrate greater hip rotation at the top of the backswing and recorded reduced maximum X-Factor values. The inconsistencies evident in the literature may suggest that a universal method of measuring rotational angles during the golf swing would be beneficial for future studies, particularly when considering potential injury.

Keywordskinematic analysis; golf; X-Factor; hip to shoulder differential
Year2009
JournalJournal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports
Journal citation5 (1), pp. 1 - 19
PublisherWalter de Gruyter GmbH
ISSN1559-0410
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.2202/1559-0410.1134
Open accessOpen access
Page range1 - 19
Research GroupSports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre
Publisher's version
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Hamstring asymmetry: The key to recurring injury
Hill, Cameron and Cole, Michael. (2012). Hamstring asymmetry: The key to recurring injury.
A spatiotemporal analysis of gait freezing and the impact of pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation
Thevathasan, Wesley, Cole, Michael H., Graepel, Cara L., Hyam, Jonathan A., Jenkinson, Ned, Brittain, John-Stuart, Coyne, Terry J., Silburn, Peter A., Aziz, Tipu Z., Kerr, Graham K. and Brown, Peter. (2012). A spatiotemporal analysis of gait freezing and the impact of pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation. Brain. 135, pp. 1446 - 1454. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws039
Performance of a secondary motor task reveals altered gait patterns in future Parkinson's fallers
Kerr, Graham K., Cole, Michael H., Wood, Joanne M. and Silburn, Peter A.. (2012). Performance of a secondary motor task reveals altered gait patterns in future Parkinson's fallers.
Pedunculopontine nucleus deep brain stimulation produces sustained improvement in primary progressive freezing of gait
Wilcox, Robert A., Cole, Michael H., Wong, David, Coyne, Terry, Silburn, Peter and Kerr, Graham. (2011). Pedunculopontine nucleus deep brain stimulation produces sustained improvement in primary progressive freezing of gait. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 82(11), pp. 1256 - 1259. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2010.213462
Falls in Parkinson's disease: Evidence for altered stepping strategies on compliant surfaces
Cole, Michael H., Silburn, Peter A., Wood, Joanne M. and Kerr, Graham K.. (2011). Falls in Parkinson's disease: Evidence for altered stepping strategies on compliant surfaces. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. 17(8), pp. 610 - 616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.05.019
Risk of falls, injurious falls, and other injuries resulting from visual impairment among older adults with age-related macular degeneration
Wood, Joanne M., Lacherez, Philippe, Black, Alex A., Cole, Michael H., Boon, Mei Ying and Kerr, Graham K.. (2011). Risk of falls, injurious falls, and other injuries resulting from visual impairment among older adults with age-related macular degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 52(8), pp. 5088 - 5092. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-6644
Falls in Parkinson's disease: Kinematic evidence for impaired head and trunk control
Cole, Michael H., Silburn, Peter A., Wood, Joanne M., Worringham, Charles J. and Kerr, Graham K.. (2010). Falls in Parkinson's disease: Kinematic evidence for impaired head and trunk control. Movement Disorders. 25(14), pp. 2369 - 2378. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23292
Postural stability and gait among older adults with age-related maculopathy
Wood, Joanne M., Lacherez, Philippe F., Black, Alex A., Cole, Michael H., Boon, Mei Ying and Kerr, Graham K.. (2009). Postural stability and gait among older adults with age-related maculopathy. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 50(1), pp. 482 - 487. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.08-1942
Electromyography of the trunk and abdominal muscles in golfers with and without low back pain
Cole, M. H. and Grimshaw, P. N.. (2008). Electromyography of the trunk and abdominal muscles in golfers with and without low back pain. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 11(2), pp. 174 - 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.02.006
Trunk muscle onset and cessation in golfers with and without low back pain
Cole, M. H. and Grimshaw, P. N.. (2008). Trunk muscle onset and cessation in golfers with and without low back pain. Journal of Biomechanics. 41(13), pp. 2829 - 2833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.07.004