Systematic evaluation of coding variation identifies a candidate causal variant in TM6SF2 influencing total cholesterol and myocardial infarction risk

Journal article


Holmen, Oddgeir L., Zhang, He, Fan, Yanbo, Hovelson, Daniel H., Schmidt, Ellen, Zhou, Wei, Guo, Yanhong, Zhang, Ji, Langhammer, Arnulf, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Ganesh, Santhi K., Vatten, Lars, Skorpen, Frank, Dalen, Havard, Zhang, Jifeng, Pennathur, Subramaniam, Chen, Jin, Platou, Carl, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., ... Willer, Cristen J.. (2014). Systematic evaluation of coding variation identifies a candidate causal variant in TM6SF2 influencing total cholesterol and myocardial infarction risk. Nature Genetics. 46(4), pp. 345 - 351. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2926
AuthorsHolmen, Oddgeir L., Zhang, He, Fan, Yanbo, Hovelson, Daniel H., Schmidt, Ellen, Zhou, Wei, Guo, Yanhong, Zhang, Ji, Langhammer, Arnulf, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Ganesh, Santhi K., Vatten, Lars, Skorpen, Frank, Dalen, Havard, Zhang, Jifeng, Pennathur, Subramaniam, Chen, Jin, Platou, Carl, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Wilsgaard, Tom, Njølstad, Inger, Boehnke, Michael, Chen, Y. Eugene, Abecasis, Goncalo R., Hveem, Kristian and Willer, Cristen J.
Abstract

Blood lipid levels are heritable, treatable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We systematically assessed genome-wide coding variation to identify new genes influencing lipid traits, fine map known lipid loci and evaluate whether low-frequency variants with large effects exist for these traits. Using an exome array, we genotyped 80,137 coding variants in 5,643 Norwegians. We followed up 18 variants in 4,666 Norwegians and identified ten loci with coding variants associated with a lipid trait (P < 5 × 10−8). One variant in TM6SF2 (encoding p.Glu167Lys), residing in a known genome-wide association study locus for lipid traits, influences total cholesterol levels and is associated with myocardial infarction. Transient TM6SF2 overexpression or knockdown of Tm6sf2 in mice alters serum lipid profiles, consistent with the association observed in humans, identifying TM6SF2 as a functional gene within a locus previously known as NCAN-CILP2-PBX4 or 19p13. This study demonstrates that systematic assessment of coding variation can quickly point to a candidate causal gene.

Keywordsgenetics research; genome-wide association studies; myocardial infarction
Year2014
JournalNature Genetics
Journal citation46 (4), pp. 345 - 351
PublisherNature Publishing Group
ISSN1061-4036
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2926
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84898058547
Page range345 - 351
Research GroupMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited States of America
Permalink -

https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/882vy/systematic-evaluation-of-coding-variation-identifies-a-candidate-causal-variant-in-tm6sf2-influencing-total-cholesterol-and-myocardial-infarction-risk

Restricted files

Publisher's version

  • 119
    total views
  • 0
    total downloads
  • 2
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month
These values are for the period from 19th October 2020, when this repository was created.

Export as

Related outputs

Temporal relations between atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke and their prognostic impact on mortality
Camen, Stephan, Ojeda, Francisco M., Niiranen, Teemu, Gianfagna, Francesco, Vishram-Nielsen, Julie K., Costanzo, Simona, Söderberg, Stefan, Vartiainen, Erkki, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Pasterkamp, Gerard, Magnussen, Christina, Kee, Frank, Jousilahti, Pekka, Hughes, Maria, Kontto, Jukka, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Koenig, Wolfgang, Palosaari, Tarja, ... the BiomarCaRE consortium. (2020). Temporal relations between atrial fibrillation and ischaemic stroke and their prognostic impact on mortality. Europace. 22(4), pp. 522-529. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euz312
Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology
Massimo F Piepoli, Ana Abreu, Christian Albus, Marco Ambrosetti, Carlos Brotons, Alberico L Catapano, Ugo Corra, Bernard Cosyns, Christi Deaton, Ian Graham, Arno W Hoes, Maja-Lisa Løchen, Benedetta Matrone, Josep Redon, Naveed Sattar, Yvo Smulders and Monica Tiberi. (2020). Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology. European Journal of Preventative Cardiology. 27(2), pp. 181-205. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319893035
Myocardial infarction, prothrombotic genotypes, and venous thrombosis risk : The Tromso Study
Sejrup, Joakim K., Morelli, Vania M., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Wilsgaard, Tom, Hansen, John-Bjarne and Brækkan, Sigrid K.. (2020). Myocardial infarction, prothrombotic genotypes, and venous thrombosis risk : The Tromso Study. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 4(2), pp. 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1002/rth2.12306
Searching for Atrial Fibrillation Poststroke: A White Paper of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration
Renate B. Schnabel, Karl Georg Haeusler, Jeff S. Healey, Ben Freedman, Giuseppe Boriani, Johannes Brachmann, Axel Brandes, Alejandro Bustamante, Barbara Casadei, Harry J. Crijns, Wolfram Doehner, Gunnar Engstrom, Laurent Fauchier, Leif Friberg, David J. Gladstone, Taya V. Glotzer, Shinya Goto, Graeme J Hankey, Joseph A. Harbison, ... Bernard Yan. (2019). Searching for Atrial Fibrillation Poststroke: A White Paper of the AF-SCREEN International Collaboration. Circulation. 140(22), pp. 1834-1850. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040267
Left atrial diameter, left ventricle indices, and association with all-cause mortality: Results from the population-based Tromso Study
Stylidis, Michael, Sharashova, Ekaterina, Wilsgaard, Tom, Leon, David A., Heggelund, Geir, Rösner, Assami, Njølstad, Inger, Løchen, Maja-Lisa and Schirmer, Henrik. (2019). Left atrial diameter, left ventricle indices, and association with all-cause mortality: Results from the population-based Tromso Study. Echocardiography. 36(3), pp. 439 - 450. https://doi.org/10.1111/echo.14270
Effect of prothrombotic genotypes on the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with and without ischemic stroke: The Tromso Study
Rinde, Ludvig B., Morelli, Vania M., Småbrekke, Birgit, Mathiesen, Ellisiv Bøgeberg, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Smith, Erin F., Rosendaal, Frits R., Frazer, Kelly A., Brækkan, Sigrid Kufaas and Hansen, John-Bjarne. (2019). Effect of prothrombotic genotypes on the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with and without ischemic stroke: The Tromso Study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 17(5), pp. 749 - 758. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14410
Mild cognitive impairment impacts health outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing a disease management intervention
Ball, Jocasta, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Carrington, Melinda J., Wiley, Joshua and Stewart, Simon. (2018). Mild cognitive impairment impacts health outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing a disease management intervention. Open Heart (online). 5(1), p. Article e000755. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2017-000755
Gender differences in the association of syndecan-4 with myocardial infarction: The population-based Tromso Study
Solbu, Marit D., Kolset, Svein O., Jenssen, Trond G., Wilsgaard, Tom, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Melsom, Toralf, Eriksen, Bjørn O. and Reine, Trine M.. (2018). Gender differences in the association of syndecan-4 with myocardial infarction: The population-based Tromso Study. Atherosclerosis. 278, pp. 166 - 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.08.005
Data on gender contrasts in the risk of incident myocardial infarction by age: The Tromsø Study 1979-2012
Albrektsen, Grethe, Heuch, Ivar, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Thelle, Dag Steinar, Wilsgaard, Tom, Njølstad, Inger and Bønaa, Kaare Harald. (2017). Data on gender contrasts in the risk of incident myocardial infarction by age: The Tromsø Study 1979-2012. Data in Brief. 13, pp. 779 - 784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.001
Vitamin D and mortality: Individual participant data meta-analysis of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 26916 individuals from a European consortium
Gaksch, Martin, Jorde, Rolf, Grimnes, Guri, Joakimsen, Ragnar Martin, Schirmer, Henrik, Wilsgaard, Tom, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Njølstad, Inger, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, März, Winfried, Kleber, Marcus E., Tomaschitz, Andreas, Grübler, Martin, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Harris, Tamara B., Cotch, Mary F., Aspelund, Thor, Gudnason, Vilmundur, ... Pilz, Stefan. (2017). Vitamin D and mortality: Individual participant data meta-analysis of standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D in 26916 individuals from a European consortium. PLoS ONE. 12(2), pp. 1 - 15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170791
Declining incidence of ischemic stroke: What is the impact of changing risk factors? The Tromsø Study 1995 to 2012
Vangen-Lønne, Anne M., Wilsgaard, Tom, Johnsen, Stein Harald, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger and Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.. (2017). Declining incidence of ischemic stroke: What is the impact of changing risk factors? The Tromsø Study 1995 to 2012. Stroke. 48(3), pp. 544 - 550. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.014377
Risk of incident myocardial infarction by gender: Interactions with serum lipids, blood pressure and smoking. The Tromsø Study 1979-2012
Albrektsen, Grethe, Heuch, Ivar, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Thelle, Dag Steinar, Wilsgaard, Tom, Njølstad, Inger and Bønaa, Kaare Harald. (2017). Risk of incident myocardial infarction by gender: Interactions with serum lipids, blood pressure and smoking. The Tromsø Study 1979-2012. Atherosclerosis. 261, pp. 52 - 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.009
A new diagnosis of asthma or COPD is linked to smoking cessation - The Tromsø study
Danielsen, Signe Elise, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Medbø, Astri, Vold, Monica Linea and Melbye, Hasse. (2016). A new diagnosis of asthma or COPD is linked to smoking cessation - The Tromsø study. The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 11, pp. 1453 - 1458. https://doi.org/10.2147/Copd.S108046
Guía ESC 2016 sobre prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular en la práctica clínica
Piepoli, Massimo F., Hoes, Arno W., Agewall, Stefan, Albus, Christian, Brotons, Carlos, Catapano, Alberico L., Cooney, Marie Therese, Corra, Ugo, Cosyns, Bernard, Deaton, Christi, Graham, Ian, Hall, Michael Stephen, Hobbs, F. D. Richard, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Löllgen, Herbert, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Perk, Joep, Prescott, Eva, Redon, Josep, ... Zamorano, José Luis. (2016). Guía ESC 2016 sobre prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular en la práctica clínica. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia. 69(10), pp. 939.e1 - 939.e87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2016.09.004
Impact of incident myocardial infarction on the risk of venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø Study
Rinde, L. B., Lind, C., Smabrekke, B., Njølstad, I., Mathiesen, E. B., Wilsgaard, T., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Hald, E. M., Vik, A., Braekkan, Sigrid K. and Hansen, J.-B.. (2016). Impact of incident myocardial infarction on the risk of venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø Study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 14(6), pp. 1183 - 1191. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.13329
Ischemic stroke and risk of venous thromboembolism in the general population: The Tromsø Study
Rinde, Ludvig B., Småbrekke, Birgit, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, Hald, Erin M., Wilsgaard, Tom, Braekkan, Sigrid K. and Hansen, John-Bjarne. (2016). Ischemic stroke and risk of venous thromboembolism in the general population: The Tromsø Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 5(11), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.004311
Trends in modifiable risk factors are associated with declining incidence of hospitalized and nonhospitalized acute coronary heart disease in a population
Mannsverk, Jan, Wilsgaard, Tom, Mathiesen, Ellisiv Bøgeberg, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Rasmussen, Knut, Thelle, Dag S., Njølstad, Inger, Hopstock, Laila Arnesdatter and Bønaa, Kaare Harald. (2016). Trends in modifiable risk factors are associated with declining incidence of hospitalized and nonhospitalized acute coronary heart disease in a population. Circulation. 133(1), pp. 74 - 81. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016960
Resting heart rate predicts incident myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic stroke and death in the general population: The Tromsø Study
Sharashova, Ekaterina, Wilsgaard, Tom, Mathiesen, Ellisiv Bøgeberg, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger and Brenn, Tormod. (2016). Resting heart rate predicts incident myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, ischaemic stroke and death in the general population: The Tromsø Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 70(9), pp. 902 - 909. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-206663
NSSSD: A new semantic hierarchical storage for sensor data
Gheisari, Mehdi, Movassagh, Ali Akbar, Qin, Yongrui, Yong, Jianming, Tao, Xiaohui, Zhang, Ji and Shen, Haifeng. (2016). NSSSD: A new semantic hierarchical storage for sensor data. The 2016 IEEE 20th international conference on computer supported cooperative work in design (CSCWD), May 4-6, 2016, Nanching, China. United States of America: IEEE Computer Society. pp. 174 - 179 https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCWD.2016.7565984
Temporal trends in incidence and case fatality of intracerebral hemorrhage: The Tromsø Study 1995-2012
Carlsson, Maria, Wilsgaard, Tom, Johnsen, Stein Harald, Vangen-Lønne, Anne Merete, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger and Mathiesen, Ellisiv Bøgeberg. (2016). Temporal trends in incidence and case fatality of intracerebral hemorrhage: The Tromsø Study 1995-2012. Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra. 6(2), pp. 40 - 49. https://doi.org/10.1159/000447719
Uric acid is associated with microalbuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate in the general population during 7 and 13 years of followup: The Tromsø Study
Storhaug, Hilde M., Toft, Ingrid, Norvik, Jon V., Jenssen, Trond, Eriksen, Bjørn O., Melsom, Toralf, Løchen, Maja-Lisa and Solbu, Marit Dahl. (2015). Uric acid is associated with microalbuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate in the general population during 7 and 13 years of followup: The Tromsø Study. BMC Nephrology. 16(210), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12882-015-0207-1
Atrial fibrillation and future risk of venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø study
Enga, Kristin F., Rye-Holmboe, I., Hald, Erin M., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Mathiesen, E. B., Njølstad, I., Wilsgaard, Tom, Braekkan, S. K. and Hansen, John-Bjarne. (2015). Atrial fibrillation and future risk of venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø study. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 13(1), pp. 10 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.12762
Kvinnehjerter: En medisinsk fagbok om vanlige hjertesykdommer
Løchen, Maja-Lisa and Gerdts, Eva. (2015). Kvinnehjerter: En medisinsk fagbok om vanlige hjertesykdommer Gyldendal Norwegian Publishing.
Clinically significant novel biomarkers for prediction of first ever myocardial infarction: The Tromsø Study
Wilsgaard, Tom, Mathiesen, Ellisiv Bøgeberg, Patwardhan, Anil, Rowe, Michael W., Schirmer, Henrik, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Sudduth-Klinger, Julie, Hamren, Sarah, Bønaa, Kaare Harald and Njølstad, Inger. (2015). Clinically significant novel biomarkers for prediction of first ever myocardial infarction: The Tromsø Study. Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics. 8(2), pp. 363 - 371. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.113.000630
Subclinical cardiovascular disease is associated with a high glomerular filtration rate in the nondiabetic general population
Eriksen, B. O., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Arntzen, Kjell A., Bertelsen, Geir, Eilertsen, Britt-Ann W., von Hanno, Therese, Herder, Marit, Jenssen, Trond G., Mathisen, Ulla D., Melsom, Toralf, Njølstad, Inger, Solbu, Marit D., Toft, Ingrid and Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.. (2014). Subclinical cardiovascular disease is associated with a high glomerular filtration rate in the nondiabetic general population. Kidney International. 86(1), pp. 146 - 153. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2013.470
Venous thromboembolism increases the risk of atrial fibrillation: The Tromsø Study
Hald, Erin M., Enga, Kristin F., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Braekkan, Sigrid K. and Hansen, John-Bjarne. (2014). Venous thromboembolism increases the risk of atrial fibrillation: The Tromsø Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 3(1), pp. 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.113.000483
Red cell distribution width is associated with incident myocardial infarction in a general population: The Tromsø Study
Skjelbakken, Tove, Lappegard, Jostein, Ellingsen, Trygve S., Barret-Connor, Elizabeth, Brox, Jan, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Braekkan, Sigrid K. and Hansen, John-Bjarne. (2014). Red cell distribution width is associated with incident myocardial infarction in a general population: The Tromsø Study. Journal of the American Heart Association. 3(4), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.001109
Long-term cardiovascular consequences of Rose angina at age 20-54 years: 29-years' follow-up of the Tromso Study
Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Wilsgaard, Tom, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Njølstad, Inger and Løchen, Maja-Lisa. (2014). Long-term cardiovascular consequences of Rose angina at age 20-54 years: 29-years' follow-up of the Tromso Study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 68(8), pp. 754 - 759. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-203642
Carotid atherosclerosis predicts future myocardial infarction but not venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø Study
Hald, Erin M., Lijfering, Willem M., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Johnsen, Stein Harald, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Njølstad, I., Wilsgaard, Tom, Rosendaal, Frits R., Braekkan, Sigrid K. and Hansen, John-Bjarne. (2014). Carotid atherosclerosis predicts future myocardial infarction but not venous thromboembolism: The Tromsø Study. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. 34(1), pp. 226 - 230. https://doi.org/10.1161/Atvbaha.113.302162
QT interval and the risk of myocardial infarction and all-cause death: A cohort study
Lindekleiv, Haakon, Wilsgaard, Tom, Macfarlane, Peter W. and Løchen, Maja-Lisa. (2012). QT interval and the risk of myocardial infarction and all-cause death: A cohort study. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 23(8), pp. 846 - 852. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2012.02308.x
Cystatin C as risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population. The Tromsø Study
Toft, Ingrid, Solbu, Marit, Kronborg, Jens, Mathisen, Ulla D., Eriksen, Bjørn O., Storhaug, Hilde, Melsom, Toralf, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Mathiesen, E. B., Njølstad, Inger, Wilsgaard, Tom and Brox, Jan. (2012). Cystatin C as risk factor for cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population. The Tromsø Study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 27(7), pp. 2780 - 2787. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfr751
Total and cause-specific mortality rates in a prospective study of community-acquired hepatitis C virus infection in northern Norway
Kristiansen, M. G., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Guttenberg, T. J., Mortensen, L., Eriksen, B. O. and Florholmen, J.. (2011). Total and cause-specific mortality rates in a prospective study of community-acquired hepatitis C virus infection in northern Norway. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 18(4), pp. 237 - 244. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01290.x
Incidence and mortality of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in two Norwegian cohorts, 1984-2007
Sandvei, M. S., Mathiesen, E. B., Vatten, L. J., Müller, T. B., Lindekleiv, H., Ingebrigtsen, T., Njølstad, I., Wilsgaard, Tom, Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Vik, A. and Romundstad, P. R.. (2011). Incidence and mortality of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in two Norwegian cohorts, 1984-2007. Neurology. 77(20), pp. 1833 - 1839. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182377de3
Sex differences in risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A cohort study
Lindekleiv, H., Sandvei, M. S., Njølstad, I., Løchen, Maja-Lisa, Romundstad, P. R., Vatten, L., Ingebrigtsen, T., Vik, A. and Mathiesen, E. B.. (2011). Sex differences in risk factors for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A cohort study. Neurology. 76(7), pp. 637 - 643. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31820c30d3
Differences between Internet and community samples of MSM: implications for behavioral surveillance among MSM in China
Zhang, Dapeng, Peng, Bi, Lv, F., Zhang, J and Hiller, Janet. (2008). Differences between Internet and community samples of MSM: implications for behavioral surveillance among MSM in China. AIDS Care: psychological and socio-medical aspects of AIDS-HIV. 20(9), pp. 1128 - 1137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120701842829
Changes in HIV prevalence and sexual behavior among men who have sex with men in a northern Chinese city: 2002-2006
Zhang, Dapeng, Peng, Bi, Lv, F., Zhang, J and Hiller, Janet. (2007). Changes in HIV prevalence and sexual behavior among men who have sex with men in a northern Chinese city: 2002-2006. Journal of Infection. 55(5), pp. 456 - 463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2007.06.015
Internet use and risk behaviours: an online survey of visitors to three gay websites in China
Zhang, Dapeng, Peng, Bi, Lv, F., Tang, H, Zhang, J and Hiller, Janet. (2007). Internet use and risk behaviours: an online survey of visitors to three gay websites in China. Sexually Transmitted Infections. 83(7), pp. 571 - 576. https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.2007.026138