Allosteric regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by adenylate nucleotides and small-molecule drugs

Journal article

de Souza Almeida Matos, Ana Laura, Oakhill, Jonathan S., Moreira, José, Loh, Kim, Galic, Sandra and Scott, John W.. (2019). Allosteric regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by adenylate nucleotides and small-molecule drugs. Biochemical Society Transactions. 47(2), pp. 733 - 741. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20180625
Authorsde Souza Almeida Matos, Ana Laura, Oakhill, Jonathan S., Moreira, José, Loh, Kim, Galic, Sandra and Scott, John W.
Abstract

The AMP (adenosine 5′-monophosphate)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular and whole-body energy homeostasis that co-ordinates metabolic processes to ensure energy supply meets demand. At the cellular level, AMPK is activated by metabolic stresses that increase AMP or adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) coupled with falling adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and acts to restore energy balance by choreographing a shift in metabolism in favour of energy-producing catabolic pathways while inhibiting non-essential anabolic processes. AMPK also regulates systemic energy balance and is activated by hormones and nutritional signals in the hypothalamus to control appetite and body weight. Failure to maintain energy balance plays an important role in chronic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and inflammatory disorders, which has prompted a major drive to develop pharmacological activators of AMPK. An array of small-molecule allosteric activators has now been developed, several of which can activate AMPK by direct allosteric activation, independently of Thr172 phosphorylation, which was previously regarded as indispensable for AMPK activity. In this review, we summarise the state-of-the-art regarding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern direct allosteric activation of AMPK by adenylate nucleotides and small-molecule drugs.

Keywordsallosteric regulation; AMPK; metabolic regulation; small molecules
Year2019
JournalBiochemical Society Transactions
Journal citation47 (2), pp. 733 - 741
PublisherPortland Press Ltd.
ISSN0300-5127
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20180625
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85065511228
Page range733 - 741
Research GroupMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited Kingdom
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