The potential to change pacing and performance during 4000-m cycling time trials using hyperoxia and inspired gas-content deception

Journal article

Davies, Michael J., Clark, Bradley, Garvican-Lewis, Laura A., Welvaert, Marijke, Gore, Christopher J. and Thompson, Kevin G.. (2019). The potential to change pacing and performance during 4000-m cycling time trials using hyperoxia and inspired gas-content deception. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 14(7), pp. 949 - 957. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0335
AuthorsDavies, Michael J., Clark, Bradley, Garvican-Lewis, Laura A., Welvaert, Marijke, Gore, Christopher J. and Thompson, Kevin G.
Abstract

Purpose: To determine if a series of trials with fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) content deception could improve 4000-m cycling time-trial (TT) performance. Methods: A total of 15 trained male cyclists (mean [SD] body mass 74.2 [8.0] kg, peak oxygen uptake 62 [6] mL·kg−1·min−1) completed six 4000-m cycling TTs in a semirandomized order. After a familiarization TT, cyclists were informed in 2 initial trials they were inspiring normoxic air (NORM, FiO2 0.21); however, in 1 trial (deception condition), they inspired hyperoxic air (NORM-DEC, FiO2 0.36). During 2 subsequent TTs, cyclists were informed they were inspiring hyperoxic air (HYPER, FiO2 0.36), but in 1 trial, normoxic air was inspired (HYPER-DEC). In the final TT (NORM-INFORM), the deception was revealed and cyclists were asked to reproduce their best TT performance while inspiring normoxic air. Results: Greater power output and faster performances occurred when cyclists inspired hyperoxic air in both truthful (HYPER) and deceptive (NORM-DEC) trials than NORM (P < .001). However, performance only improved in NORM-INFORM (377 W; 95% confidence interval [CI] 325–429) vs NORM (352 W; 95% CI 299–404; P < .001) when participants (n = 4) completed the trials in the following order: NORM-DEC, NORM, HYPER-DEC, HYPER. Conclusions: Cycling performance improved with acute exposure to hyperoxia. Mechanisms for the improvement were likely physiological; however, improvement in a deception trial suggests an additional placebo effect. Finally, a particular sequence of oxygen deception trials may have built psychophysiological belief in cyclists such that performance improved in a subsequent normoxic trial.

Keywordsexercise reserve; feedback; placebo; pacing strategy; oxygen content
Year2019
JournalInternational Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
Journal citation14 (7), pp. 949 - 957
PublisherHuman Kinetics, Inc.
ISSN1555-0265
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0335
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85071434435
Open accessPublished as green open access
Page range949 - 957
Research GroupMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
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Accepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2019, 14 (7), pp. 949 - 957, https://www.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0335 . © Human Kinetics, Inc.

Place of publicationUnited States of America
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