Reliability of the Ekblom Soccer-Specific Endurance Test

Journal article


Williams, Morgan D., Wiltshire, Huw D., Lorenzen, Christian Hans, Wilson, Cameron J., Meehan, Daniel Lawrence and Cicioni-Kolsky, Daniel James. (2009). Reliability of the Ekblom Soccer-Specific Endurance Test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 23(5), pp. 1378 - 1382. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31819f1e6c
AuthorsWilliams, Morgan D., Wiltshire, Huw D., Lorenzen, Christian Hans, Wilson, Cameron J., Meehan, Daniel Lawrence and Cicioni-Kolsky, Daniel James
Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore and quantify measurement reliability of the Ekblom endurance test. Experienced university soccer players (n = 19; age = 20.5 ± 2.5 years; mass = 80.4 ± 9.8 kg; and stature = 179.0 ± 6.0 cm) completed the Ekblom endurance test on 3 separate occasions. Time to complete trial 1 (549 ± 26 seconds) and trial 2 (547 ± 26 seconds) was analyzed, and despite no significant difference (F1,18 = 4.119, p = 0.057, [eta]P2 = 0.186) between trials, some evidence of systematic bias was observed in the data. Therefore, trial 2 data were compared with those of trial 3 (548 ± 27 seconds), with trial 1 data removed. The subsequent analysis (F1,18 = 0.740, p = 0.401, [eta]P2 = 0.039) showed a reduction in the risk of making a type II error when compared with the previous analysis. From the reliability analyses (3,1 intraclass correlation = 0.983, SEM = ±3 seconds, smallest worthwhile change = 5 seconds, standard error of prediction [95% confidence intervals] = ± 9 seconds), a high level of measurement reliability was observed and the sensitivity of the test to monitor changes was “good.” In summary, it was shown that a test that involves a variety of soccer-specific forms of locomotion can be highly reliable and sensitive to detect change. In light of the systematic bias found, we do, however, recommend a familiarization session to be scheduled before the introduction of this test.

Keywordsfield testing; endurance capacity; intraclass correlation; smallest worthwhile change; standard error of measurement; standard error of prediction
Year2009
JournalJournal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Journal citation23 (5), pp. 1378 - 1382
PublisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISSN1064-8011
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31819f1e6c
Page range1378 - 1382
Place of publicationPhiladelphia,United States of America
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Alizzi, Ali M., Summers, Phillip, Boon, Virginia H., Tantiongco, John-Paul, Thompson, Teresa, Leslie, Belinda J., Williams, David, Steele, Michael Craig, Bidstrup, Benjamin P. and Diqer, Al-Mutazz A.. (2012). Reduction of post-surgical pericardial adhesions using a pig model. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 21(1), pp. 22 - 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2011.10.002
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Lythgo, N., Wilson, Cameron and Galea, Mary. (2011). Basic gait and symmetry measures for primary school-aged children and young adults. II: Walking at slow, free and fast speed. Gait & Posture. 33(1), pp. 29 - 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.09.017
Using three-dimensional kinematics to identify feedback for the snatch :A case study
Ho, Kuok Wai, Williams, Morgan, Wilson, Cameron and Meehan, Daniel. (2011). Using three-dimensional kinematics to identify feedback for the snatch :A case study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(10), pp. 2773 - 2780. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31820f500e
Efficacy of a whole-body vibration intervention on functional performance of community-dwelling older adults
Furness, Trentham, Maschette, Wayne, Lorenzen, Christian, Naughton, Geraldine and Williams, Morgan. (2010). Efficacy of a whole-body vibration intervention on functional performance of community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine. 16(7), pp. 795 - 797. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0366
Whole body vibration for preventing and treating osteoporosis (protocol)
Lorenzen, Christian, Naughton, Geraldine, Cameron, Lainie, Williams, Morgan and Greene, David. (2010). Whole body vibration for preventing and treating osteoporosis (protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Acute effects of strength training on running economy
Ho, Kuok Wai, Williams, Morgan D., Wilson, Cameron J., Lorenzen, Hans Christian, Meehan, Daniel L. and Joseph, Corey W.. (2010). Acute effects of strength training on running economy. 28th Conference of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports. USA: International Society of Biomechanics. pp. 551 - 554
Breaking the vicious cycle of activity avoidance in an adolescent boy diagnosed with DCD and mild Asperberger's disorder
Aumand, Elizabeth, Williams, Morgan, Wilson, Cameron and Saunders, John. (2010). Breaking the vicious cycle of activity avoidance in an adolescent boy diagnosed with DCD and mild Asperberger's disorder. 4th Exercise and Sports Science Australia Conference 2010 : Research to practice : Science and nutrition in exercise and sport. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia 09 - 11 Apr 2010 Red Hill, Queensland: Exercise and Sports Science Australia. pp. 64-64
Analysis of player workloads for defensive outlets at the Champion's Trophy International Field Hockey
Morgan, Stuart and Williams, Morgan. (2010). Analysis of player workloads for defensive outlets at the Champion's Trophy International Field Hockey. 15th Annual Congress of the ECSS (European College of Sports Science). Antalya, Turkey 23 - 26 Jun 2010
Relationship between velocity reached at VO2max and time-trial performances in elite australian rules footballers
Lorenzen, Christian Hans, Williams, Morgan D., Turk, Paul S., Meehan, Daniel Lawrence and Cicioni-Kolsky, Daniel James. (2009). Relationship between velocity reached at VO2max and time-trial performances in elite australian rules footballers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 4(3), pp. 408 - 411. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.3.408
Stabilising the hip and pelvis during running: Is there an explosive solution for uninjured athletes?
Meehan, Daniel Lawrence, Williams, Morgan David, Wilson, Cameron John and Bradshaw, Elizabeth Jane. (2009). Stabilising the hip and pelvis during running: Is there an explosive solution for uninjured athletes? 27th International Conference on Biomechanics; in Sports. Castleroy, Limerick, Ireland: University of Limerick. pp. 390 - 393
Basic gait and symmetry measures for primary school-aged children and young adults whilst walking barefoot and with shoes
Lythgo, Noel, Wilson, Cameron and Galea, Mary. (2009). Basic gait and symmetry measures for primary school-aged children and young adults whilst walking barefoot and with shoes. Gait & Posture. 30(4), pp. 502 - 506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.07.119
Contribution of gait analysis to the understanding of motor development
Wilson, Cameron. (2009). Contribution of gait analysis to the understanding of motor development [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.4226/66/5a95f230c6817
Horizontal positioning error derived from stationary GPS units: A function of time and proximity to building infrastructure
Williams, Morgan and Morgan, Stuart. (2009). Horizontal positioning error derived from stationary GPS units: A function of time and proximity to building infrastructure. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 9(2), pp. 275 - 280.
Inconsistent use of terminology in whole body vibration exercise research
Lorenzen, Christian Hans, Maschette, Wayne, Koh, Michael and Wilson, Cameron. (2009). Inconsistent use of terminology in whole body vibration exercise research. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 12(6), pp. 676 - 678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2008.06.008
Optimal crank arm length and body position for road sprint cycling performance
Christiansen, Cameron, Bradshaw, Elizabeth Jane and Wilson, Cameron John. (2008). Optimal crank arm length and body position for road sprint cycling performance. In Young-Hoo Kwon, Jaeho Shim and Jae Kun Shim & In-Sik Shin (Ed.). XXVI International Conference on Biomechanics; in Sports. Seoul, Korea: Seoul National University. pp. 596 - 599
Exploration of differences in vertical jump performance between typically developing children and those identified with DCD: A kinematic and kinetic analysis
Williams, Morgan. (2008). Exploration of differences in vertical jump performance between typically developing children and those identified with DCD: A kinematic and kinetic analysis [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.4226/66/5a95e2f4c67fa
Laterality and its effect on lower extremity musculoskeletal stiffness in male soccer players and track runners
Williams, Morgan David, Bradshaw, Elizabeth Jane and Joseph, Corey W.. (2007). Laterality and its effect on lower extremity musculoskeletal stiffness in male soccer players and track runners. In Hans-Joachim Menzel and Mauro Heleno Chagas (Ed.). XXV International Symposium on Biomechanics; in Sports. Segrac,Brazil: Department of Sports, Federal University of Minas Gerais. pp. 613 - 617
Measurement agreement (repeatability) for a countermovement jump protocol using a portable forceplate
Williams, Morgan, Bradshaw, Elizabeth and Maschette, Wayne. (2007). Measurement agreement (repeatability) for a countermovement jump protocol using a portable forceplate. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2(4), pp. 445 - 448. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.4.445
Differences in vertical jump performance for typically developing compared to those identified with DC
Maschette, Wayne and Williams, Morgan David. (2007). Differences in vertical jump performance for typically developing compared to those identified with DC. 2nd Australian Association for Exercise and Sports Science Conference.
Evaluating strength qualities of athletes using relationships between jump protocols
Williams, Morgan David, Joseph, Corey W. and Bradshaw, Elizabeth Jane. (2007). Evaluating strength qualities of athletes using relationships between jump protocols. In Hans-Joachim Menzel and Mauro Heleno Chagas (Ed.). Federal University of the State of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte, Ouro Preto, Brazil. Segrac,Brazil: Department of Sports, Federal University of Minas Gerais. pp. 474 - 477
Novel insights on lower limb musculoskeletal health and performance in pre-adolescent and adolescent gymnasts
Bradshaw, Elizabeth Jane, Lorenzen, Hans Christian, Williams, Morgan David and Le Rossignol, Peter Freeman. (2006). Novel insights on lower limb musculoskeletal health and performance in pre-adolescent and adolescent gymnasts. In M Schwaneder, G Strutzenberger and Sastenbauer et al (Ed.). XXI International Conference on Biomechanics; in Sport. Salzburg, Austria: University of Salzburg. pp. 413 - 417
Timing error by children identified with DCD leads to inefficient jump performance
Williams, Morgan David, Lythgo, Noel Desmond and Maschette, Wayne Edward. (2006). Timing error by children identified with DCD leads to inefficient jump performance. In M Schwaneder, G Strutzenberger and Sastenbauer et al (Ed.). XXIV International Symposium on Biomechanics; in Sports. Salzburg, Austria: University of Salzburg. pp. 54 - 57