Bone mineral density after transitioning from denosumab to alendronate

Journal article


Kendler, David, Chines, Arkadi, Clark, Patricia, Ebeling, Peter R., McClung, Michael, Rhee, Yumie, Huang, Shuang and Stad, Robert Kees. (2020). Bone mineral density after transitioning from denosumab to alendronate. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 105(3), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz095
AuthorsKendler, David, Chines, Arkadi, Clark, Patricia, Ebeling, Peter R., McClung, Michael, Rhee, Yumie, Huang, Shuang and Stad, Robert Kees
Abstract

Context
There are few studies on patients transitioning from denosumab to bisphosphonates.

Objective
To investigate patient characteristics and changes in bone mineral density (BMD) after transitioning from denosumab to alendronate.

Design
Randomized, open-label, 2-year crossover Denosumab Adherence Preference Satisfaction (DAPS) study (NCT00518531).

Setting
25 study centers in the US and Canada.

Patients
Treatment-naïve postmenopausal women with BMD T-scores from −2.0 to −4.0.

Interventions
This post hoc analysis evaluated women randomized to subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg every 6 months in year 1 followed by once-weekly oral alendronate 70 mg in year 2.

Main Outcome Measure
A 3% BMD threshold identified participants who lost, maintained, or gained BMD in year 2 on alendronate.

Results
Of 126 participants randomized to denosumab, 115 (91%) transitioned to alendronate in year 2. BMD increased by 3% to 6% with denosumab in year 1 and by 0% to 1% with alendronate in year 2. After transitioning to alendronate, most participants maintained or increased BMD; 15.9%, 7.6%, and 21.7% lost BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck, respectively. Few participants fell below their pretreatment baseline BMD value; this occurred most often in those who lost BMD in year 2. Women who lost BMD with alendronate in year 2 also showed a greater percent change in BMD with denosumab in year 1. The BMD change in year 2 was similar regardless of baseline characteristics or adherence to oral alendronate.

Conclusion
Alendronate can effectively maintain the BMD gains accrued after 1 year of denosumab in most patients, regardless of baseline characteristics.

Keywordsdenosumab; alendronate; bisphosphonates; bone mineral density; osteoporosis
Year2020
JournalThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Journal citation105 (3), pp. 1-10
PublisherOxford University Press
ISSN0021-972X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz095
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85078474427
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range1-10
Research GroupMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online26 Oct 2019
Publication process dates
Accepted03 Oct 2019
Permalink -

https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/89442/bone-mineral-density-after-transitioning-from-denosumab-to-alendronate

Download files


Publisher's version
  • 120
    total views
  • 114
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month
These values are for the period from 19th October 2020, when this repository was created.

Export as

Related outputs

Proceedings of the 2023 Santa Fe bone symposium : Progress and controversies in the management of patients with skeletal diseases
Lewiecki, E, Bellido, Teresita, Bilezikian, John, Brown, Jacques, Farooki, Azeez, Kovacs, Christopher S., Lee, Brendan, Leslie, William, McClung, Michael Roy, Prasarn, Mark L. and Sellmeyer, Deborah E.. (2023). Proceedings of the 2023 Santa Fe bone symposium : Progress and controversies in the management of patients with skeletal diseases. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 26(4), pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2023.101432
Effects of E2/P4 oral capsules on bone turnover in women with vasomotor symptoms
McClung, Michael R., Kagan, Risa, Graham, Shelli, Bernick, Brian, Mirkin, Sebastian and Constantine, Ginger. (2022). Effects of E2/P4 oral capsules on bone turnover in women with vasomotor symptoms. Menopause. 29(3), pp. 304-308. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001915
Should vitamin D supplements be prescribed routinely for midlife women?
McClung, Michael Roy. (2022). Should vitamin D supplements be prescribed routinely for midlife women? Menopause. 29(11), pp. 1329-1330. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000002066
Proceedings of the 2022 Santa Fe Bone Symposium : Current concepts in the care of patients with osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases
Lewiecki, E. Michael, Bilezikian, John P., Binkley, Neil, Bouxsein, Mary L., Bukata, Susan V., Dempster, David W., Drake, Matthew T., McClung, Michael R., Miller, Paul D., Rosenthal, Elisabeth and Tosi, Laura L.. (2022). Proceedings of the 2022 Santa Fe Bone Symposium : Current concepts in the care of patients with osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 25(4), pp. 649-667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2022.10.002
Updated trabecular bone score accounting for the soft tissue thickness (TBSTT) demonstrated significantly improved bone microstructure with denosumab in the FREEDOM TBS post hoc analysis
Hans, Didier, Shevroja, Enisa, McDermott, Michele, Huang, Shuang, Kim, Min and McClung, Michael Roy. (2022). Updated trabecular bone score accounting for the soft tissue thickness (TBSTT) demonstrated significantly improved bone microstructure with denosumab in the FREEDOM TBS post hoc analysis. Osteoporosis International. 33(12), pp. 2517-2525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-022-06549-x
An updated hip fracture incidence rate for Brazil : the Brazilian Validation Osteoporosis Study (BRAVOS)
Albergaria, Ben-Hur, Zerbini, Cristiano, Szejnfeld, Vera, Ragi Eis, Sergio, Silva, Dalisbor, da Cunha, Maria, McClung, Michael Roy, Kanis, John Anthony, McCloskey, Eugene, Vilaca, Tatiane and Lazaretti-Castro, Marise. (2022). An updated hip fracture incidence rate for Brazil : the Brazilian Validation Osteoporosis Study (BRAVOS). Archives of Osteoporosis. 17, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-022-01127-4
The role of osteoanabolic agents in the management of patients with osteoporosis
McClung, Michael R., Rothman, Micol S., Lewiecki, E. Michael, Hanley, David A., Harris, Steven T., Miller, Paul D. and Kendler, David L.. (2022). The role of osteoanabolic agents in the management of patients with osteoporosis. Postgraduate Medicine. 134(6), pp. 541-551. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2022.2069582
Proceedings of the 2021 Santa Fe Bone Symposium : Advances in the management of osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases
Lewiecki, E. Michael, Anderson, Paul A., Bilezikian, John P., Binkley, Neil, Cheung, Angela M., Imel, Erik A., Krueger, Diane, McClung, Michael R., Miller, Paul D. and Rothman, Micol S.. (2022). Proceedings of the 2021 Santa Fe Bone Symposium : Advances in the management of osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 25(1), pp. 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2021.10.001
Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women : the 2021 position statement of The North American Menopause Society
McClung, Michael Roy, Pinkerton, JoAnn, Blake, Jennifer, Cosman, Felicia, Lewiecki, E and Shapiro, Marla. (2021). Management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women : the 2021 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 28(9), pp. 973-997. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001831
Denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis
McClung, Michael R.. (2021). Denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis. In In Dempster, David W., Cauley, Jane A., Bouxsein, Mary L. and Cosman, Felicia (Ed.). Marcus and Feldman’s osteoporosis pp. 1737-1755 Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813073-5.00075-7
Osteoanabolic therapy for osteoporosis in women
McClung, M. R. and Clark, A. L.. (2021). Osteoanabolic therapy for osteoporosis in women. Climacteric. 25(1), pp. 60-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2021.1953463
Skeletal responses to romosozumab after 12 months of denosumab
McClung, Michael R., Bolognese, Michael A., Brown, Jacques P., Reginster, Jean-Yves, Langdahl, Bente L., Shi, Yifei, Timoshanko, Jen, Libanati, Cesar, Chines, Arkadi and Oates, Mary K.. (2021). Skeletal responses to romosozumab after 12 months of denosumab. JBMR Plus. 5(7), p. Article e10512. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10512
Incidence of hip and subtrochanteric/femoral shaft fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in the phase 3 long-term odanacatib fracture trial
Papapoulos, Socrates, Bone, Henry, Cosman, Felicia, Dempster, David W., McClung, Michael R., Nakamura, Toshitaka, Restrepo, José Fernando Molina, Bouxsein, Mary L., Cohn, Dosinda, de Papp, Anne, Massaad, Rachid and Santora, Arthur. (2021). Incidence of hip and subtrochanteric/femoral shaft fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in the phase 3 long-term odanacatib fracture trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 36(7), pp. 1225-1234. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4284
Cost effectiveness of romosozumab versus teriparatide for severe postmenopausal osteoporosis in Japan
Hagino, H., Tanaka, K., Silverman, S., McClung, M., Gandra, S. R., Charokopou, M., Adachi, K., Johnson, B. and Stollenwerk, B.. (2021). Cost effectiveness of romosozumab versus teriparatide for severe postmenopausal osteoporosis in Japan. Osteoporosis International. 32, pp. 2011-2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-021-05927-1
Role of bone-forming agents in the management of osteoporosis
McClung, Michael R.. (2021). Role of bone-forming agents in the management of osteoporosis. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 33, pp. 775-791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01708-8
The 2020 genitourinary syndrome of menopause position statement of the North American Menopause Society
Faubion, Stephanie S., Kingsberg, Sheryl A., Clark, Amanda L., Kaunitz, Andrew M., Spadt, Susan Kellogg, Larkin, Lisa C., Mitchell, Caroline M., Shifren, Jan L., Simon, James A. and McClung, Michael R.. (2020). The 2020 genitourinary syndrome of menopause position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 27(9), pp. 976-992. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001609
Pharmacologic intervention for prevention of fractures in osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women : Systemic review and meta-analysis
Wu, Chih-Hsing, Hung, Wei-Chieh, Chang, Ing-Lin, Tsai, Tsung-Ting, Chang, Yin-Fan, McCloskey, Eugene V., Watts, Nelson B., McClung, Michael R., Huang, Chun-Feng, Chen, Chung-Hwan, Wu, Kun-Ling, Tsai, Keh-Sung, Chan, Ding-Cheng, Chen, Jung-Fu, Tu, Shih-Te, Hwang, Jawl-Shan, Xia, Weibo, Matsumoto, Toshio, Chung, Yoon-Sok, ... Chan, Wing P.. (2020). Pharmacologic intervention for prevention of fractures in osteopenic and osteoporotic postmenopausal women : Systemic review and meta-analysis. Bone Reports. 13, p. 100729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100729
Abaloparatide followed by alendronate in women ≥80 years with osteoporosis: post hoc analysis of ACTIVExtend
S L Greenspan, Lorraine A. Fitzpatrick, Bruce Mitlak, Yamei Wang, Nicholas C. Harvey, Chad Deal, F. Cosman and Michael McClung. (2020). Abaloparatide followed by alendronate in women ≥80 years with osteoporosis: post hoc analysis of ACTIVExtend. Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society. 27(10), pp. 1137-1142. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001593
A single dose of zoledronate preserves bone mineral density for up to 2 years after a second course of romosozumab
McClung, Michael, Bolognese, Michael A, Brown, Jacques P, Reginster, Jean Yves, Langdahl, Bente Lomholt, Maddox, Judy, Shi, Y., Rojeski, M., Meisner, Paul and Grauer, Andreas. (2020). A single dose of zoledronate preserves bone mineral density for up to 2 years after a second course of romosozumab. Osteoporosis International. 31, pp. 2231-2241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-020-05502-0
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College Of Endocrinology Clinical Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis — 2020 update executive summary
Camacho, Pauline M., Petak, Steven M., Binkley, Neil, Diab, Dima L., Eldeiry, Leslie S., Farooki, Azeez, Harris, Steven T., Hurley, Daniel L., Kelly, Jennifer, Lewiecki, E. Michael, Pessah-Pollack, Rachel, McClung, Michael, Wimalawansa, Sunil J. and Watts, Nelson B.. (2020). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College Of Endocrinology Clinical Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis — 2020 update executive summary. Endocrine Practice. 26(5), pp. 564-570. https://doi.org/10.4158/GL-2020-0524
Proceedings of the 2019 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: New Concepts in the Care of Osteoporosis and Rare Bone Diseases
E Michael Lewiecki, John P Bilezikiam, Risa Kagan, Deborah Krakow, Michael McClung, Paul Miller, Eric T Rush, Christopher R Shuhart, Nelson B Watts and Elaine W Yu. (2020). Proceedings of the 2019 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: New Concepts in the Care of Osteoporosis and Rare Bone Diseases. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 23(1), pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2019.09.006
History of risedronate
Michael McClung and Frank H. Ebetino. (2020). History of risedronate. Bone. 137, pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2020.115407
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis — 2020 Update
Pauline Camacho, Steven M. Petak, Neil Binkley, Dima L. Diab, Leslie S. Eldeiry, Azeez Farooki, Steven T. Harris, Daniel L. Hurley, Jennifer Kelly, E Michael Lewiecki, Rachel Pessah-Pollack, Michael McClung, Sunil J. Wimalawansa and Nelson B Watts. (2020). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis — 2020 Update. Endocrine Practice. 26(Supplement 1), pp. 1-46. https://doi.org/10.4158/GL-2020-0524SUPPL
A pooled analysis of fall incidence from placebo-controlled trials of Denosumab
Chotiyarnwong, Pojchong, McCloskey, Eugene, Eastell, Richard, McClung, Michael R., Gielen, Evelien, Gostage, John, McDermott, Michele, Chines, Arkadi, Huang, Shuang and Cummings, Steven R.. (2020). A pooled analysis of fall incidence from placebo-controlled trials of Denosumab. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 35(6), pp. 1014-1021. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3972
Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis : Results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study
McClung, Michael R., O'Donoghue, Michelle L., Papapoulos, Socrates E., Bone, Henry, Langdahl, Bente, Saag, Kenneth G., Reid, Ian R., Kiel, Douglas P., Cavallari, Ilaria, Bonaca, Marc P., Wiviott, Stephen D., de Villiers, Tobias, Ling, Xu, Lippuner, Kurt, Nakamura, Toshitaka, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Rodriguez-Portales, Jose Adolfo, Roux, Christian, Zanchetta, José, ... Christiansen, Mark G.. (2019). Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis : Results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 7(12), pp. 899-911. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30346-8
Western Osteoporosis Alliance Clinical Practice Series: Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis
E Michael Lewiecki, David L Kendler, K Shawn Davison, David A. Hanley, Steven T. Harris, Michael McClung and Paul Miller. (2019). Western Osteoporosis Alliance Clinical Practice Series: Treat-to-Target for Osteoporosis. American Journal of Medicine. 132(11), pp. 771-777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.04.044
Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis : Results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study
McClung, Michael R., O'Donoghue, Michelle L., Papapoulos, Socrates E., Bone, Henry, Langdahl, Bente, Saag, Kenneth G., Reid, Ian R., Kiel, Douglas P., Cavallari, Ilaria, Bonaca, Marc P., Wiviott, Stephen D., de Villiers, Tobias, Ling, Xu, Lippuner, Kurt, Nakamura, Toshitaka, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Rodriguez-Portales, Jose Adolfo, Roux, Christian, Zanchetta, José, ... Sabatine, Marc S.. (2019). Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis : Results of the LOFT multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and LOFT Extension study. 7(12), pp. 899-911.
Proceedings of the 2018 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Advances in the Management of Osteoporosis
E. Michael Lewiecki, John P. Bilezikian, Lora Giangregorio, Susan L. Greenspan, Sundeep Khosla, Paul Kostenuik, Kelly Krohn, Michael R. McClung, Paul D. Miller and Roberto Pacifici. (2019). Proceedings of the 2018 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Advances in the Management of Osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 22(1), pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2018.09.010
Robust norms for neuropsychological tests of verbal episodic memory in Australian women
Goodwill, Alicia, Campbell, Stephen, Henderson, Victor W., Gorelik, Alexandra, Dennerstein, Lorraine, McClung, Michael and Szoeke, Cassandra. (2019). Robust norms for neuropsychological tests of verbal episodic memory in Australian women. Neuropsychology. 33(4), pp. 581 - 595. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000522
Osteoporosis
Compston, Juliet E., McClung, Michael R. and Leslie, William D.. (2019). Osteoporosis. The Lancet. 393(10169), pp. 364 - 376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32112-3
Bone age as a correction factor for the analysis of trabecular bone score (TBS) in children
Guagnelli, Miguel Angel, Winzenrieth, Renaud, Lopez-Gonzalez, Desiree, McClung, Michael R., Del Rio, Luis and Clark, Patricia. (2019). Bone age as a correction factor for the analysis of trabecular bone score (TBS) in children. Archives of Osteoporosis. 14(1), pp. 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-019-0573-6
Invasive oral procedures and events in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with denosumab for up to 10 years
Watts, Nelson B., Grbic, John T., Binkley, Neil, Papapoulos, Socrates E., Butler, Peter W., Yin, Xiang, Tierney, Antoniette, Wagman, Rachel B. and McClung, Michael. (2019). Invasive oral procedures and events in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with denosumab for up to 10 years. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 104(6), pp. 2443 - 2452. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2018-01965
Proceedings of the 2017 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Insights and emerging concepts in the management of osteoporosis
Lewiecki, E. Michael, Bilezikian, John P., Carey, John J., Dell, Richard M., Gordon, Catherine M., Harris, Steven T., McClung, Michael, Miller, Paul and Rosenblatt, Michael. (2018). Proceedings of the 2017 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Insights and emerging concepts in the management of osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 21(1), pp. 3 - 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2017.10.041
Drug holidays in women treated for postmenopausal osteoporosis
McClung, Michael R.. (2018). Drug holidays in women treated for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society. 25(10), pp. 1152 - 1154. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001141
Correction to: Geography of Fracture Incidence in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis Treated with Abaloparatide
McClung, Michael, Williams, Gregory C., Hattersley, Gary, Fitzpatrick, Lorraine A., Wang, Yamei and Miller, Paul D.. (2018). Correction to: Geography of Fracture Incidence in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis Treated with Abaloparatide. Calcified Tissue International. 102(6), pp. 634 - 634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-018-0390-8
Osteoporosis: An overview
McClung, Michael R., Miller, Paul and Papapoulos, Socrates E.. (2018). Osteoporosis: An overview. In In J. P. Bilezikian (Ed.). Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism pp. 395 - 397 Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119266594.ch49
Therapeutic approaches to bone protection in adulthood
Curtis, Elizabeth M., McClung, Michael and Compston, Juliet E.. (2018). Therapeutic approaches to bone protection in adulthood. In In N. C. Harvey and C. Cooper (Ed.). Osteoporosis: A lifecourse epidemiology approach to skeletal health pp. 177 - 192 CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351234627
Future therapies
McClung, Michael R.. (2018). Future therapies. In In J. P. Bilezikian (Ed.). Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism pp. 603 - 609 Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119266594.ch80
Effects of abaloparatide on bone mineral density and risk of fracture in postmenopausal women aged 80 years or older with osteoporosis
McClung, Michael R., Harvey, Nicholas C., Fitzpatrick, Lorraine A., Miller, Paul D., Hattersley, Gary, Wang, Yamei and Cosman, Felicia. (2018). Effects of abaloparatide on bone mineral density and risk of fracture in postmenopausal women aged 80 years or older with osteoporosis. Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society. 25(7), pp. 767-771. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001080
Geography of fracture incidence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with abaloparatide
McClung, Michael, Williams, Gregory C., Hattersley, Gary, Fitzpatrick, Lorraine A., Wang, Yamei and Miller, Paul. (2018). Geography of fracture incidence in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with abaloparatide. Calcified Tissue International. 102(6), pp. 627 - 633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-017-0375-z
Effects of 24 months of treatment with romosozumab followed by 12 months of denosumab or placebo in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: a randomized, double-blind, phase 2, parallel group study
McClung, Michael, Brown, Jacques P., Diez-Perez, Aldolfo, Resch, Heinrich, Caminis, John, Meisner, Paul, Bolognese, Michael A., Goemaere, Stefan, Bone, Henry G., Zanchetta, Jose R., Maddox, Judy, Bray, Sarah and Grauer, Andreas. (2018). Effects of 24 months of treatment with romosozumab followed by 12 months of denosumab or placebo in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: a randomized, double-blind, phase 2, parallel group study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 33(8), pp. 1397 - 1406. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3452
Vertebral fractures after discontinuation of denosumab: a post hoc analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled FREEDOM trial and its extension
Cummings, Steven R., Ferrari, Serge L., Eastell, Richard, Gilchrist, Nigel, Beck Jensen, Jens Erik, McClung, Michael, Roux, Christian, Torring, Ove, Valter, Ivo, Wang, Andrea and Brown, Jacques P.. (2018). Vertebral fractures after discontinuation of denosumab: a post hoc analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled FREEDOM trial and its extension. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 33(2), pp. 190 - 198. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.3337
Romosozumab for the treatment of osteoporosis
McClung, Michael. (2018). Romosozumab for the treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia. 4(1), pp. 11 - 15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afos.2018.03.002
Western osteoporosis alliance clinical practice series: Evaluating the balance of benefits and risks of long-term osteoporosis therapies
Hanley, David A., McClung, Michael R., Davison, K. Shawn, Dian, Larry, Harris, Steve T., Miller, Paul D., Lewiecki, E. Michael and Kendler, David L.. (2017). Western osteoporosis alliance clinical practice series: Evaluating the balance of benefits and risks of long-term osteoporosis therapies. American Journal of Medicine. 130(7), pp. 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.03.002
Sclerostin antibodies in osteoporosis: latest evidence and therapeutic potential
McClung, Michael. (2017). Sclerostin antibodies in osteoporosis: latest evidence and therapeutic potential. Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease. 9(10), pp. 263 - 270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1759720X17726744
Effect of denosumab on trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
McClung, Michael, Lippuner, K., Brandi, Maria Luisa, Zanchetta, Jose Ruben, Bone, Henry G., Chapurlat, Roland D., Hans, Didier, Wang, Andrea, Zapalowski, C. and Libanati, Cesar. (2017). Effect of denosumab on trabecular bone score in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis International. 28(10), pp. 2967 - 2973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-4140-y
The FRAX-based Lebanese osteoporosis treatment guidelines: Rationale for a hybrid model
Chakhtoura, M., Leslie, W. D., McClung, M., Cheung, A. M. and El-Hajj Fuleihan, G.. (2017). The FRAX-based Lebanese osteoporosis treatment guidelines: Rationale for a hybrid model. Osteoporosis International. 28(1), pp. 127 - 137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3766-5
Proceedings of the 2016 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: New Concepts in the Management of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases
Lewiecki, E. Michael, Bilezikian, John P., Bukata, Susan V., Camacho, Pauline, Clarke, Bart L., McClung, Michael R., Miller, Paul D. and Shepherd, John. (2017). Proceedings of the 2016 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: New Concepts in the Management of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases. Journal of Clinical Densitometry: Assessment & Management of Musculoskeletal Health. 20(2), pp. 134 - 152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2017.01.001
Clinical utility of anti-sclerostin antibodies
McClung, Michael. (2017). Clinical utility of anti-sclerostin antibodies. Bone. 96, pp. 3 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2016.12.012
The 2017 hormone therapy position statement of the North American Menopause Society
Pinkerton, Jo A.V., Aguirre, Fernando S., Blake, Jennifer, Cosman, F., Hodis, Howard, Hoffstetter, Susan, Kaunitz, Andrew M., Kingsberg, Sheryl A., Maki, Pauline M., Manson, JoAnn E., Marchbanks, Polly, McClung, Michael, Nachtigall, Lila E., Nelson, Lawrence M., Pace, Diane T., Reid, Robert L., Sarrel, Phillip M., Shifren, Jan L., Stuenkel, Cynthia A. and Utian, Wulf H.. (2017). The 2017 hormone therapy position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause: The Journal of the North American Menopause Society. 24(7), pp. 728 - 753. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000000921
Using osteoporosis therapies in combination
McClung, Michael. (2017). Using osteoporosis therapies in combination. Current Osteoporosis Reports. 15(4), pp. 343 - 352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-017-0376-x
Observations following discontinuation of long-term denosumab therapy
McClung, Michael, Wagman, Rachel B., Miller, Paul, Wang, Andrea and Lewiecki, E M.. (2017). Observations following discontinuation of long-term denosumab therapy. Osteoporosis International. 28(5), pp. 1723 - 1732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-017-3919-1
Bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone as independent risk factors for mortality in community-dwelling older adults: A population-based prospective cohort study in Brazil. The Sao Paulo Ageing & Health (SPAH) study
Domiciano, Diogo S., Machado, Luana G., Lopes, Jaqueline B., Figueiredo, Camille P., Caparbo, Valeria F., Oliveira, Ricardo M., Scazufca, Marcia, McClung, Michael R. and Pereira, Rosa M.R.. (2016). Bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone as independent risk factors for mortality in community-dwelling older adults: A population-based prospective cohort study in Brazil. The Sao Paulo Ageing & Health (SPAH) study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 31(6), pp. 1146 - 1157. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2795
A phase 2 study of MK-5442, a calcium-sensing receptor antagonist, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis after long-term use of oral bisphosphonates
Cosman, F., Gilchrist, N., McClung, Michael R., Foldes, J., de Villiers, T., Santora, A., Leung, A. T., Samanta, S., Heyden, N., McGinnis, J.P., Rosenberg, E. and Denker, A.E.. (2016). A phase 2 study of MK-5442, a calcium-sensing receptor antagonist, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis after long-term use of oral bisphosphonates. Osteoporosis International. 27(1), pp. 377 - 386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3392-7
Vertebral fractures: Clinical importance and management
Kendler, D. L., Bauer, Doug C., Davison, K. S., Dian, L., Hanley, David A., Harris, S. T., McClung, Michael R., Miller, P. D., Schousboe, J. T., Yuen, C. K. and Lewiecki, E. Michael. (2016). Vertebral fractures: Clinical importance and management. American Journal of Medicine. 129(2), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.09.020
Proceedings of the 2015 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Clinical applications of scientific advances in osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease
Lewiecki, E. Michael, Baron, Roland, Bilezikian, John P., Gagel, Robert E., Leonard, Mary B., Leslie, William D., McClung, Michael R. and Miller, Paul D.. (2016). Proceedings of the 2015 Santa Fe Bone Symposium: Clinical applications of scientific advances in osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. United States of America: Elsevier Inc.. pp. 102 - 116 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2015.11.003
Denosumab reduces cortical porosity of the proximal femoral shaft in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Zebaze, Roger M., Libanati, Cesar, McClung, Michael R., Zanchetta, Jose Ruben, Kendler, David L., Høiseth, Arne, Wang, Andrea, Ghasem-Zadeh, Ali and Seeman, Ego. (2016). Denosumab reduces cortical porosity of the proximal femoral shaft in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 31(10), pp. 1827 - 1834. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2855
Emerging therapies for osteoporosis
McClung, Michael R.. (2015). Emerging therapies for osteoporosis. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 30(4), pp. 429 - 435. https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.429
Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: Development history and design and participant characteristics of LoFT, the Long-term odanacatib Fracture Trial
Bone, Henry G., Dempster, David W., Eisman, John A., Greenspan, S. L., McClung, Michael R., Nakamura, T., Papapoulos, S., Shih, W. J., Rybak-Feiglin, A., Santora, A. C., Verbruggen, Nadia, Leung, A. T. and Lombardi, Antonio. (2015). Odanacatib for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: Development history and design and participant characteristics of LoFT, the Long-term odanacatib Fracture Trial. Osteoporosis International. 26(2), pp. 699 - 712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2944-6
A 24-month study evaluating the efficacy and safety of denosumab for the treatment of men with low bone mineral density: Results from the ADAMO trial
Langdahl, Bente Lomholt, Teglbjaerg, Christence S., Ho, Pei-Ran, Chapurlat, Roland D., Czerwinski, Edward, Kendler, David L., Reginster, Jean Yves, Kivitz, Alan, Lewiecki, E. Michael, Miller, Paul D., Bolognese, Michael A., McClung, Michael R., Bone, Henry G., Ljunggren, Östen, Abrahamsen, Bo, Gruntmanis, Ugis, Yang, Yu-Ching, Wagman, Rachel B., Mirza, Faisal, ... Orwoll, Eric. (2015). A 24-month study evaluating the efficacy and safety of denosumab for the treatment of men with low bone mineral density: Results from the ADAMO trial. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 100(4), pp. 1335 - 1342. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-4079
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: Variability, knowledge gaps, and the concept of a desirable range
El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada, Bouillon, Roger, Clarke, Bart, Chakhtoura, Marlene, Cooper, Cyrus, McClung, Michael R. and Singh, Ravinder J.. (2015). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: Variability, knowledge gaps, and the concept of a desirable range. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 30(7), pp. 1119 - 1133. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2536
Comparison of proximal femur and vertebral body strength improvements in the FREEDOM trial using an alternative finite element methodology
Zysset, Philippe, Pahr, Dieter, Engelke, Klaus, Genant, Harry K., McClung, Michael R., Kendler, David L., Recknor, Christopher, Kinzl, Michael, Schwiedrzik, Jakob, Museyko, Oleg, Wang, Andrea and Libanati, Cesar. (2015). Comparison of proximal femur and vertebral body strength improvements in the FREEDOM trial using an alternative finite element methodology. Bone. 81(December), pp. 122 - 130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2015.06.025
Denosumab rapidly increases cortical bone in key locations of the femur: A 3D bone mapping study in women with osteoporosis
Poole, Kenneth E.S., Treece, Graham M., Gee, Andrew H., Brown, Jacques P., McClung, Michael R., Wang, Andrea and Libanati, Cesar. (2015). Denosumab rapidly increases cortical bone in key locations of the femur: A 3D bone mapping study in women with osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 30(1), pp. 46 - 54. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2325
Creation of an age-adjusted, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived trabecular bone score curve for the lumbar spine in non-hispanic US white women
Simonelli, Christine, Leib, Edward, Mossman, Ned, Winzenrieth, Renaud, Hans, Didier and McClung, Michael R.. (2014). Creation of an age-adjusted, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived trabecular bone score curve for the lumbar spine in non-hispanic US white women. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 17(2), pp. 314 - 319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2013.09.002
Femoral and vertebral strength improvements in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with denosumab
Keaveny, Tony M., McClung, Michael R., Genant, Harry K., Zanchetta, Jose Ruben, Kendler, David, Brown, Jacques P., Goemaere, Stefan, Recknor, Christopher, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Eastell, Richard, Kopperdahl, David L., Engelke, Klaus, Fuerst, Thomas, Radcliffe, Hoi-Shen and Libanati, Cesar. (2014). Femoral and vertebral strength improvements in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with denosumab. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 29(1), pp. 158 - 165. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2024
Bone safety with risedronate: histomorphometric studies at different dose levels and exposure
Recker, Robert R., SteMarie, L.-G., Chavassieux, P., McClung, Michael R. and Lundy, M. W.. (2014). Bone safety with risedronate: histomorphometric studies at different dose levels and exposure. Osteoporosis International. 26(1), pp. 327 - 337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-014-2850-y
Romosozumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density
McClung, Michael R., Grauer, Andreas, Boonen, Steven and Bolognese, Michael A.. (2014). Romosozumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. New England Journal of Medicine. 370(5), pp. 412 - 420. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1305224
Tibolone
McClung, M. R.. (2013). Tibolone. In In Genazzani, Andrea R. (Ed.). Postmenopausal osteoporosis : Hormones and other therapies pp. 233-238 Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1201/b14631-28
Bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis: Benefits, risks, and drug holiday
McClung, Michael R., Harris, Steven T., Miller, Paul D., Bauer, Doug C., Davison, K. Shawn, Dian, Larry, Hanley, David A., Kendler, David L., Yuen, Chui Kin and Lewiecki, E. Michael. (2013). Bisphosphonate therapy for osteoporosis: Benefits, risks, and drug holiday. American Journal of Medicine. 126(1), pp. 13 - 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.06.023
A novel monthly dosing regimen of risedronate for the treatment of postmenopausal Osteoporosis: 2-year data
McClung, Michael R., Benhamou, Claude-Laurent, Man, Zulema, Tlustochowicz, Witold, Zanchetta, Jose Ruben, Eusebio, Rachelle, Balske, Ana M., Matzkin, Ellen, Olszynski, Wojciech P., Recker, Robert R. and Delmas, Pierre D.. (2013). A novel monthly dosing regimen of risedronate for the treatment of postmenopausal Osteoporosis: 2-year data. Calcified Tissue International. 92(1), pp. 59 - 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-012-9668-4
Impact of denosumab on the peripheral skeleton of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Bone density, mass, and strength of the radius, and wrist fracture
Simon, James A., Recknor, Christopher, Moffett, Alfred H., Adachi, Jonathan D., Franek, Edward, Lewiecki, E. Michael, McClung, Michael R., Mautalen, Carlos A., Ragi-Eis, Sergio, Nicholson, Geoffrey Charles, Muschitz, Christian, Nuti, Ranuccio, Torring, Ove, Wang, Andrea and Libanati, Cesar. (2013). Impact of denosumab on the peripheral skeleton of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: Bone density, mass, and strength of the radius, and wrist fracture. Menopause. 20(2), pp. 130 - 137. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318267f909
Efficacy and safety of risedronate 150-mg once a month in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2-year data
McClung, Michael R., Zanchetta, Jose Ruben, Racewicz, A., Roux, Christian, Benhamou, Claude-Laurent, Man, Zulema, Eusebio, Rachelle, Beary, J. F., Burgio, D.E., Matzkin, Ellen, Boonen, Steven and Delmas, P. D.. (2013). Efficacy and safety of risedronate 150-mg once a month in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2-year data. Osteoporosis International. 24(1), pp. 293 - 299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2056-0
Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with delayed-release risedronate 35 mg weekly for 2 years
McClung, Michael R., Balske, Ana M., Burgio, D. E., Wenderoth, D. and Recker, Robert R.. (2013). Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with delayed-release risedronate 35 mg weekly for 2 years. Osteoporosis International. 24(1), pp. 301 - 310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2175-7
Effects of pioglitazone on bone in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance: A randomized, double-Blind, placebo-controlled study
Bone, Henry G., Lindsay, Robert, McClung, Michael R., Perez, Alfonso T., Raanan, Marsha G. and Spanheimer, Robert G.. (2013). Effects of pioglitazone on bone in postmenopausal women with impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance: A randomized, double-Blind, placebo-controlled study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 98(12), pp. 4691 - 4701. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-4096
Controversies in osteoporosis management: Concerns about bisphosphonates and when are "drug holidays" required?
McClung, Michael R.. (2013). Controversies in osteoporosis management: Concerns about bisphosphonates and when are "drug holidays" required? Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 56(4), pp. 743 - 748. https://doi.org/10.1097/GRF.0b013e3182a98295
Denosumab densitometric changes assessed by quantitative computed tomography at the spine and hip in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
McClung, Michael R., Zanchetta, Jose Ruben, Høiseth, Arne, Kendler, David L., Yuen, Chui Kin, Brown, Jacques P., Stonkus, Sigtas, Goemaere, Stefan, Recknor, Christopher, Woodson, Grattan C., Bolognese, Michael A., Franek, Edward, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Wang, Andrea and Libanati, Cesar. (2013). Denosumab densitometric changes assessed by quantitative computed tomography at the spine and hip in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 16(2), pp. 250 - 256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2012.02.014
Effect of denosumab on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover: 8-year results of a phase 2 clinical trial
McClung, Michael R., Lewiecki, E. Michael, Geller, M. L. and Bolognese, Michael A.. (2013). Effect of denosumab on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover: 8-year results of a phase 2 clinical trial. Osteoporosis International. 24(1), pp. 227 - 235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-2052-4
In Memoriam: Sergio Ragi-Eis, MD
McClung, Michael. (2012). In Memoriam: Sergio Ragi-Eis, MD. Archives of Osteoporosis. 7(43862), pp. 1 - 2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-012-0081-4
Effect of denosumab treatment on the risk of fractures in subgroupsof women with postmenopausal osteoporosis
McClung, Michael R., Boonen, Steven, Torring, Ove, Roux, Christian, Rizzoli, Rene, Bone, Henry G., Benhamou, Claude-Laurent, Lems, Willem F., Minisola, Salvatore, Halse, Johan, Hoeck, Hans C., Eastell, Richard, Wang, Andrea, Siddhanti, Suresh and Cummings, Steven R.. (2012). Effect of denosumab treatment on the risk of fractures in subgroupsof women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 27(1), pp. 211 - 218. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.536
In memoriam: Sergio Ragi-Eis, MD
McClung, Michael R.. (2012). In memoriam: Sergio Ragi-Eis, MD. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 23(6), pp. 1651 - 1652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-012-1980-3
In memoriam: Sergio Ragi-Eis, MD, CCD, CDT (April 8, 1962-February 22, 2012)
Bilezikian, John P., Zerbini, Cristiano, Lewiecki, E. Michael, Borges, Joao Lindolfo, Miller, Paul D., Hans, Didier, Camargos, Bruno Muzzi and McClung, Michael R.. (2012). In memoriam: Sergio Ragi-Eis, MD, CCD, CDT (April 8, 1962-February 22, 2012). Osteoporosis International. 15(3), pp. 257 - 259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2012.05.003
Revisiting the prevention of bone loss at menopause
McClung, Michael R.. (2012). Revisiting the prevention of bone loss at menopause. Menopause. 19(11), pp. 1173 - 1175. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e318274fb1d
Femoral strength in osteoporotic women treated with teriparatide or alendronate
Keaveny, Tony M., McClung, Michael R., Wan, Xiaohai, Kopperdahl, David L., Mitlak, Bruce H. and Krohn, Kelly. (2012). Femoral strength in osteoporotic women treated with teriparatide or alendronate. Bone. 50(1), pp. 165 - 170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2011.10.002
Odanacatib in the treatment of postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: Three-year continued therapy and resolution of effect
Eisman, John A., Bone, Henry G., Hosking, David J., McClung, Michael R., Reid, Ian R., Rizzoli, Rene, Resch, Heinrich, Verbruggen, Nadia, Hustad, Carolyn M., DaSilva, Carolyn, Petrovic, Romana, Santora, Arthur C., Ince, B. Avery and Lombardi, Antonio. (2011). Odanacatib in the treatment of postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: Three-year continued therapy and resolution of effect. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 26(2), pp. 242 - 251. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.212
Effects of denosumab on fracture and bone mineral density by level of kidney function
Jamal, Sophie A., Ljunggren, Östen, Stehman-Breen, Catherine, Cummings, Steven R., McClung, Michael R., Goemaere, Stefan, Ebeling, Peter R., Franek, Edward, Yang, Yu-ching, Egbuna, Ogo I., Boonen, Steven and Miller, Paul D.. (2011). Effects of denosumab on fracture and bone mineral density by level of kidney function. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 26(8), pp. 1829 - 1835. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.403
Effects of denosumab on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis
Eastell, Richard, Christiansen, Claus, Grauer, Andreas, Kutilek, Stepan, Libanati, Cesar, McClung, Michael R., Reid, Ian R., Resch, Heinrich, Siris, Ethel, Uebelhart, Daniel, Wang, Andrea, Weryha, Georges and Cummings, Steven R.. (2011). Effects of denosumab on bone turnover markers in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 26(3), pp. 530 - 537. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.251
Osteoporosis update from the 2010 Santa Fe Bone Symposium
Lewiecki, E. Michael, Bilezikian, John P., Khosla, Sundeep, Marcus, Robert, McClung, Michael R., Miller, Paul D., Watts, Nelson B. and Maricic, Michael. (2011). Osteoporosis update from the 2010 Santa Fe Bone Symposium. Journal of Clinical Densitometry. 14(1), pp. 1 - 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocd.2010.12.001
Treatment with denosumab reduces the incidence of new vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk
Boonen, Steven, Adachi, Jonathan D., Man, Zulema, Cummings, Steven R., Lippuner, K., Torring, Ove, Gallagher, J.C., Farrerons, J., Wang, Andrea, Franchimont, N., San Martin, Javier, Grauer, Andreas and McClung, Michael R.. (2011). Treatment with denosumab reduces the incidence of new vertebral and hip fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 96(6), pp. 1727 - 1736. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-2784
Markers of bone turnover for the prediction of fracture risk and monitoring of osteoporosis treatment: A need for international reference standards
Vasikaran, Samuel, Eastell, Richard, Bruyere, O., Foldes, A. J., Garnero, P., Griesmacher, Andrea, McClung, Michael R., Morris, Howard A., Silverman, S., Trenti, Tommaso, Wahl, D. A., Cooper, Cyrus and Kanis, John A.. (2011). Markers of bone turnover for the prediction of fracture risk and monitoring of osteoporosis treatment: A need for international reference standards. Osteoporosis International. 22(2), pp. 391 - 420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1501-1
Arzoxifene for prevention of fractures and invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women
Cummings, Steven R., McClung, Michael R., Reginster, Jean-Yves, Cox, David, Mitlak, Bruce, Stock, John, Amewou-Atisso, Messan, Powles, Trevor, Miller, Paul, Zanchetta, Jose Ruben and Christiansen, Claus. (2011). Arzoxifene for prevention of fractures and invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 26(2), pp. 397 - 404. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.191