Biceps femoris architecture and strength in athletes with a prior ACL reconstruction

Journal article

Timmins, Ryan G., Bourne, Matthew N., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David A.. (2016). Biceps femoris architecture and strength in athletes with a prior ACL reconstruction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 48(3), pp. 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000783
AuthorsTimmins, Ryan G., Bourne, Matthew N., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David A.
Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to determine whether limbs with a history of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury reconstructed from the semitendinosus display different biceps femoris long head (BFlh) architecture and eccentric strength, assessed during the Nordic hamstring exercise, compared with the contralateral uninjured limb.

Methods
The architectural characteristics of the BFlh were assessed at rest and at 25% of a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in the control group (n = 52) and in the group who had previous ACL injury (n = 15) using two-dimensional ultrasonography. Eccentric knee flexor strength was assessed during the Nordic hamstring exercise.

Results
Fascicle length was shorter (P = 0.001; d range, 0.90–1.31) and pennation angle (P range, 0.001–0.006; d range, 0.87–0.93) was greater in the BFlh of the ACL-injured limb compared with those in the contralateral uninjured limb at rest and during a 25% MVIC. Eccentric strength was lower in the ACL-injured limb when compared with the contralateral uninjured limb. Fascicle length, MVIC, and eccentric strength were not different between the left and right limb in the control group.

Conclusions
Limbs with a history of ACL injury reconstructed from the semitendinosus have shorter fascicles and greater pennation angles in the BFlh compared with those of the contralateral uninjured side. Eccentric strength during the Nordic hamstring exercise of the ACL-injured limb is significantly lower than that of the contralateral side. These findings have implications for ACL rehabilitation and hamstring injury prevention practices, which should consider altered architectural characteristics.

Keywordshamstring injury; eccentric strength; anterior cruciate ligament injury; fascicle length
Year2016
JournalMedicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Journal citation48 (3), pp. 337-345
PublisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISSN0195-9131
1530-0315
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000783
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84958926965
Open accessPublished as green open access
Page range337-345
FunderAustralian Catholic University (ACU)
Research GroupSports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre
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Varsamis, Pia, Walr, Guillaume, Share, Bianca, Taylor, Frances, Stewart, Simon, Lorenzen, Christian and Loader, Jordan. (2018). Transient endothelial dysfunction induced by sugar-sweetened beverage consumption may be attenuated by a single bout of aerobic exercise. Microvascular Research. 115, pp. 8 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2017.07.003
The Cape Town declaration on access to cardiac surgery in the developing world
Zilla, Peter, Bolman, R M., Yacoub, Magdi H., Beyersdorf, Friedhelm, Sliwa-Hahnle, Karen, Zuhlke, Liesl J., Higgins, Robert, Mayosi, Bongani, Carpentier, Alain and Williams, David. (2018). The Cape Town declaration on access to cardiac surgery in the developing world. SAMJ South African Medical Journal. 108(9), pp. 702 - 704. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i9.13102
The Cape Town declaration on access to cardiac surgery in the developing world
Zilla, Peter, Bolman, R. Morton, Yacoub, Magdi H., Beyersdorf, Friedhelm, Sliwa, Karen, Zühlke, Liesl, Higgins, Robert S. D., Mayosi, Bongani, Carpentier, Alain and Williams, David. (2018). The Cape Town declaration on access to cardiac surgery in the developing world. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 106(3), pp. 930 - 933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.05.020
Infographic. Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring architecture and morphology: Implications for injury prevention
Bourne, Matthew N., Pope, David, Duhig, Steven J., Timmins, Ryan G., Williams, Morgan D., Al Najjar, Aiman, Kerr, Graham K. and Shield, Anthony J.. (2018). Infographic. Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring architecture and morphology: Implications for injury prevention. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52(23), pp. 1490 - 1491. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098730
A novel apparatus to measure knee flexor strength during various hamstring exercises: A reliability and retrospective injury study
Hickey, Jack T., Hickey, Peter F., Maniar, Nirav, Timmins, Ryan G., Williams, Morgan D., Pitcher, Christian A. and Opar, David A.. (2018). A novel apparatus to measure knee flexor strength during various hamstring exercises: A reliability and retrospective injury study. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 48(2), pp. 72 - 80. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2018.7634
Adaptations to concurrent training in combination with high protein availability: A comparative trial in healthy, recreationally active men
Shamim, Baubak, Devlin, Brooke L., Timmins, Ryan G., Tofari, Paul, Dow, Connor Lee, Coffey, Vernon G., Hawley, John A. and Camera, Donny M.. (2018). Adaptations to concurrent training in combination with high protein availability: A comparative trial in healthy, recreationally active men. Sports Medicine. 48(12), pp. 2869 - 2883. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0999-9
External kinetics of the kettlebell snatch in amateur lifters
Ross, James A., Keogh, Justin W. L., Wilson, Cameron J. and Lorenzen, Christian. (2017). External kinetics of the kettlebell snatch in amateur lifters. PeerJ. 5, p. e3111. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3111
Impact of exercise selection on hamstring muscle activation
Bourne, Matthew N., Williams, Morgan, Opar, David, Najjar, Aiman Al, Kerr, Graham K. and Shield, Anthony J.. (2017). Impact of exercise selection on hamstring muscle activation. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51, pp. 1021 - 1028. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095739
Assessing cutaneous microvascular function with iontophoresis: avoiding non-specific vasodilation
Loader, Jordan, Roustit, Matthieu, Taylor, Frances, MacIsaac, Richard, Stewart, Simon, Lorenzen, Christian and Walther, Guillaume. (2017). Assessing cutaneous microvascular function with iontophoresis: avoiding non-specific vasodilation. Microvascular Research. 113, pp. 29 - 39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2017.04.006
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring architecture and morphology: Implications for injury prevention
Bourne, Matthew N., Duhig, Steven J., Timmins, Ryan, Williams, Morgan, Opar, David, Najjar, Aiman Al, Kerr, Graham K. and Shield, Anthony J.. (2017). Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring architecture and morphology: Implications for injury prevention. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51(5), pp. 469 - 477. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096130
Biceps femoris architecture : The association with injury and response to training
Timmins, Ryan. (2017). Biceps femoris architecture : The association with injury and response to training. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51(6), pp. 547-548. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097044
Effects of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on microvascular and macrovascular function in a healthy population
Loader, Jordan, Meziat, Cindy, Watts, Rani, Lorenzen, Christian, Sigaudo-Roussel, Dominique, Stewart, Simon, Reboul, Cyril, Meyer, G. and Walther, Guillaume. (2017). Effects of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on microvascular and macrovascular function in a healthy population. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. 37(6), pp. 1250 - 1260. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.308010
There is strength in numbers for muscle injuries it is time to establish an international collaborative registry
Van Dyke, Nicol, Van der Made, Anne D., Timmins, Ryan, Opar, David and Tol, Johannes L.. (2017). There is strength in numbers for muscle injuries it is time to establish an international collaborative registry. British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097318
Effect of prior injury on changes to biceps femoris architecture across an Australian football league season
Timmins, Ryan, Bourne, Matthew N., Hickey, Jack, Maniar, Nirav, Tofari, Paul, Williams, Morgan and Opar, David. (2017). Effect of prior injury on changes to biceps femoris architecture across an Australian football league season. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 49(10), pp. 2102 - 2109. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001333
Criteria for progressing rehabilitation and determining return to play clearance following hamstring strain injury: A systematic review
Hickey, Jack, Timmins, Ryan G., Maniar, Nirav, Williams, Morgan and Opar, David. (2017). Criteria for progressing rehabilitation and determining return to play clearance following hamstring strain injury: A systematic review. Sports Medicine. 47(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0667-x
Predictive modeling of hamstring strain injuries in elite Australian footballers
Ruddy, Joshua, Shield, Anthony J., Maniar, Nirav, Williams, Morgan D., Duhig, Steven J., Timmins, Ryan, Hickey, Jack, Bourne, Matthew N. and Opar, David. (2017). Predictive modeling of hamstring strain injuries in elite Australian footballers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 50(5), pp. 1 - 30. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001527
Running exposure is associated with the risk of hamstring strain injury in elite Australian footballers
Ruddy, Joshua D., Pollard, Christopher, Timmins, Ryan, Williams, Morgan, Shield, Anthony and Opar, David. (2017). Running exposure is associated with the risk of hamstring strain injury in elite Australian footballers. British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096777
Drop punt kicking induces eccentric knee flexor weakness associated with reductions in hamstring electromyographic activity
Duhig, Steven J., Williams, Morgan, Minett, Geoffrey M., Opar, David and Shield, Anthony J.. (2017). Drop punt kicking induces eccentric knee flexor weakness associated with reductions in hamstring electromyographic activity. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 20(6), pp. 595 - 599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.09.006
Muscle activation patterns in the Nordic hamstring exercise: Impact of prior strain injury
Bourne, Matthew N., Opar, David, Williams, Morgan, Najjar, Aiman Al and Shield, Anthony J.. (2016). Muscle activation patterns in the Nordic hamstring exercise: Impact of prior strain injury. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 26(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12494
Hamstring strength and flexibility after hamstring strain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Maniar, Nirav, Shielf, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G. and Opar, David A.. (2016). Hamstring strength and flexibility after hamstring strain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(15), pp. 909-920. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095311
Is there evidence to support the use of the angle of peak torque as a marker of hamstring injury and re-injury risk?
Timmins, Ryan G., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D. and Opar, David A.. (2016). Is there evidence to support the use of the angle of peak torque as a marker of hamstring injury and re-injury risk? Sports Medicine. 46(1), pp. 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0378-8
Effect of high-speed running on hamstring strain injury risk
Duhig, Steven, Shield, Anthony, Opar, David, Gabbett, Tim, Ferguson, Cameron and Williams, Morgan. (2016). Effect of high-speed running on hamstring strain injury risk. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(24). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095679
Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study
Timmins, Ryan G., Bourne, Matthew N., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David. (2016). Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(24). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095362
Architectural changes of the biceps femoris long head after concentric or eccentric training
Timmins, Ryan G., Ruddy, Joshua D., Presland, Joel, Maniar, Nirav and Williams, Morgan. (2016). Architectural changes of the biceps femoris long head after concentric or eccentric training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 48(3), pp. 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000795
Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: A narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness
Timmins, Ryan G., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D., Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David. (2016). Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: A narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(23). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094881
What do submarines have in common with diabetes?
Rio, Ebony, Timmins, Ryan Gregory and Opar, David. (2016). What do submarines have in common with diabetes? British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(16), pp. 955 - 956. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096646
Snatch Trajectory of Elite Level Girevoy (Kettlebell) Sport Athletes and its Implications to Strength and Conditioning Coaching
Ross, James A., Wilson, Cameron J., Keogh, Justin W. L., Ho, Kuok Wai and Lorenzen, Christian. (2015). Snatch Trajectory of Elite Level Girevoy (Kettlebell) Sport Athletes and its Implications to Strength and Conditioning Coaching. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching. 10(2+3), pp. 439 - 452. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.2-3.439
Eccentric knee flexor strength and risk of hamstring injuries in Rugby Union: A prospective study
Bourne, Matthew, Opar, David, Williams, Morgan and Shield, Anthony. (2015). Eccentric knee flexor strength and risk of hamstring injuries in Rugby Union: A prospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(11), pp. 2663 - 2670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515599633
Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring injury risk in Australian footballers
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G., Duhig, Steven and Shield, Anthony J.. (2015). Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring injury risk in Australian footballers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 47(4). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000465
The effect of previous hamstring strain injury on the change in eccentric hamstring strength during preseason training in elite Australian footballers
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G., Hickey, Jack, Duhig, Steven J. and Shield, Anthony J.. (2015). The effect of previous hamstring strain injury on the change in eccentric hamstring strength during preseason training in elite Australian footballers. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(2), pp. 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514556638
Biceps femoris long head architecture: A reliability and retrospective injury study
Timmins, Ryan Gregory, Shield, Anthony, Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David. (2015). Biceps femoris long head architecture: A reliability and retrospective injury study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 47(5), pp. 905 - 913. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000507
Biceps femoris long head architecture: The association with hamstring injury and response to training
Timmins, Ryan Gregory. (2015). Biceps femoris long head architecture: The association with hamstring injury and response to training [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.4226/66/5a9cbd05b0b98
Assessment of conditioning-specific movement tasks and physical fitness measures in talent identified under 16-year-old rugby union players
Parsonage, Joanna R., Williams, Rhodri S., Rainer, Paul, McKeown, Ian and Williams, Morgan D.. (2015). Assessment of conditioning-specific movement tasks and physical fitness measures in talent identified under 16-year-old rugby union players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28(6), pp. 1497 - 1506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000298
Characteristics impacting on session rating of perceived exertion training load in Australian footballers
Gallo, Tania, Cormack, Stuart, Gabbett, Tim, Williams, Morgan and Lorenzen, Christian. (2015). Characteristics impacting on session rating of perceived exertion training load in Australian footballers. Journal of Sports Sciences. 33(5), pp. 467 - 475. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.947311
A comparison of physical and technical match performance of a team competing in the english championship league and then the english premier league following promotion
Morgans, Ryland, Adams, David, Mullen, Richard, Sacramento, Joao, McLellan, Chris and Williams, Morgan David. (2015). A comparison of physical and technical match performance of a team competing in the english championship league and then the english premier league following promotion. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching. 10(2-3), pp. 543 - 549. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.10.2-3.543
Reviewing current knowledge in snatch performance and technique: The need for future directions in applied research
Ho, Lester K. W., Lorenzen, Christian, Wilson, Cameron, Saunders, John and Williams, Morgan. (2014). Reviewing current knowledge in snatch performance and technique: The need for future directions in applied research. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28(2), pp. 574 - 586. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31829c0bf8
Changes in physical performance variables in an English Championship League team across the competitive season: The effect of possession
Morgans, Ryland, Adams, David, Mullen, Richard and Williams, Morgan David. (2014). Changes in physical performance variables in an English Championship League team across the competitive season: The effect of possession. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 14(2), pp. 493 - 503. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2014.11868738
Benefits of whole-body vibration to people with COPD: a community-based efficacy trial
Furness, Trentham, Joseph, Corey, Naughton, Geraldine, Welsh, Liam and Lorenzen, Christian. (2014). Benefits of whole-body vibration to people with COPD: a community-based efficacy trial. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 14(1), pp. 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-14-38
Assessment of conditioning-specific movement tasks and physical fitness measures in talent identified under 16-year-old rugby union players
Parsonage, Joanna, Williams, Rhodri, Rainer, Paul, McKeown, Ian and Williams, Morgan. (2014). Assessment of conditioning-specific movement tasks and physical fitness measures in talent identified under 16-year-old rugby union players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28(6), pp. 1497 - 1506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000298
Technical and physical performance over an english championship league season
Morgans, Ryland, Adams, David, Mullen, Richard, McLellan, Chris and Williams, Morgan David. (2014). Technical and physical performance over an english championship league season. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching. 9(5), pp. 1033 - 1042. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.9.5.1033
Benefits of whole-body vibration to people with COPD: A community-based efficacy trial
Furness, Trentham, Joseph, Corey, Naughton, Geraldine, Welsh, Liam and Lorenzen, Christian. (2014). Benefits of whole-body vibration to people with COPD: A community-based efficacy trial. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 14(38), pp. 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-14-38
Reduced biceps femoris myoelectrical activity influences eccentric knee flexor weakness after repeat sprint running
Timmins, R. G., Opar, D. A., Williams, M. D., Schache, A. G., Dear, N. M. and Shield, A. J.. (2014). Reduced biceps femoris myoelectrical activity influences eccentric knee flexor weakness after repeat sprint running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 24(4), pp. e299-e305. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12171
The financial cost of hamstring strain injuries in the Australian Football League
Hickey, Jack, Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D. and Opar, David A. (2014). The financial cost of hamstring strain injuries in the Australian Football League. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 48(8), pp. 729-730. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092884
Acute hamstring strain injury in track-and-field athletes: A 3-year observational study at the Penn Relay Carnival
Opar, David, Drezner, Jonathan, Shield, Anthony, Williams, Morgan, Webner, David, Sennett, Brian, Kapur, Rahul, Cohen, M., Ulager, James and Cafengiu, Ana. (2014). Acute hamstring strain injury in track-and-field athletes: A 3-year observational study at the Penn Relay Carnival. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12159
A novel device using the Nordic hamstring exercise to assess eccentric knee flexor strength: A reliability and retrospective injury study
Opar, David, Piatowski, Timothy, Williams, Morgan and Shield, Anthony J.. (2013). A novel device using the Nordic hamstring exercise to assess eccentric knee flexor strength: A reliability and retrospective injury study. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 43(9), pp. 636 - 640. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2013.4837
Relationship between tests of physical qualities and physical match performance in elite rugby league players
Gabbett, Timothy, Stein, Joshua, Kemp, Justin and Lorenzen, Christian. (2013). Relationship between tests of physical qualities and physical match performance in elite rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318274f236
Applying decision tree induction for identification of important attributes in one-versus-one player interactions : A hockey exemplar
Morgan, Stuart, Williams, Morgan and Barnes, Chris. (2013). Applying decision tree induction for identification of important attributes in one-versus-one player interactions : A hockey exemplar. Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.770906
Endurance and sprint benefits of high-intensity and supramaximal interval training
Cicioni-Kolsky, Daniel James, Lorenzen, Christian, Williams, Morgan and Kemp, Justin. (2013). Endurance and sprint benefits of high-intensity and supramaximal interval training. European Journal of Sport Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2011.606844
Successful short passing frequency of defenders differentiates between top and bottom four English Premier League teams
Adams, David, Morgans, Ryland, Sacramento, Joao, Morgan, Stuart and Williams, Morgan David. (2013). Successful short passing frequency of defenders differentiates between top and bottom four English Premier League teams. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 13(3), pp. 653 - 668. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2013.11868678
Rate of torque and electromyographic development during anticipated eccentric contraction is lower in previously strained hamstrings
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G. and Dear, Nuala M. (2013). Rate of torque and electromyographic development during anticipated eccentric contraction is lower in previously strained hamstrings. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 41(1), pp. 116-125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512462809
The role of neuromuscular inhibition in hamstring strain injury recurrence
Fyfe, Jackson, Opar, David, Williams, Morgan and Shield, Anthony. (2013). The role of neuromuscular inhibition in hamstring strain injury recurrence. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 23(3), pp. 523-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.12.006
Knee flexor strength and bicep femoris electromyographical activity is lower in previously strained hamstrings
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G., Dear, Nuala M. and Shield, Anthony J. (2013). Knee flexor strength and bicep femoris electromyographical activity is lower in previously strained hamstrings. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 23(3), pp. 696-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.11.004
Outcome and process in motor performance : A comparison of jumping by typically developing children and those with low motor proficiency
Williams, Morgan, Saunders, John, Maschette, Wayne Edward and Wilson, Cameron. (2013). Outcome and process in motor performance : A comparison of jumping by typically developing children and those with low motor proficiency. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2013.761029
Whole-body vibration as a mode of dyspnoea free physical activity: a community-based proof-of-concept trial
Furness, Trentham, Joseph, Corey, Welsh, Liam, Naughton, Geraldine and Lorenzen, Christian. (2013). Whole-body vibration as a mode of dyspnoea free physical activity: a community-based proof-of-concept trial. BMC Research Notes. 6(452), pp. 1 - 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-6-452
Efficacy of a whole-body vibration intervention to effect exercise tolerance and functional performance of the lower limbs of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Furness, Trentham, Bate, Nicole, Welsh, Liam, Naughton, Geraldine and Lorenzen, Christian. (2012). Efficacy of a whole-body vibration intervention to effect exercise tolerance and functional performance of the lower limbs of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 12(71), pp. 1 - 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2466-12-71
Exploring Children's Motor Development
Saunders, John, Williams, Morgan and Wilson, Cameron. (2012). Exploring Children's Motor Development. Sports Science in the heart of Europe 17th Annual Congress of the European College of Sprots Science. Germany: European College of Sport Science (ECSS). pp. 1884 - 1884
Classifying training drills based on movement demands in Australian Football
Loader, Jordan, Montgomery, Paul, Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Kemp, Justin. (2012). Classifying training drills based on movement demands in Australian Football. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching. 7(1), pp. 57 - 67. https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.7.1.57
Hamstring strain injuries : Factors that lead to injury and re-injury
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D. and Shield, Anthony J. (2012). Hamstring strain injuries : Factors that lead to injury and re-injury. Sports Medicine. 42(3), pp. 209-226. https://doi.org/10.2165/11594800-000000000-00000
Reduction of post-surgical pericardial adhesions using a pig model
Alizzi, Ali M., Summers, Phillip, Boon, Virginia H., Tantiongco, John-Paul, Thompson, Teresa, Leslie, Belinda J., Williams, David, Steele, Michael Craig, Bidstrup, Benjamin P. and Diqer, Al-Mutazz A.. (2012). Reduction of post-surgical pericardial adhesions using a pig model. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 21(1), pp. 22 - 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2011.10.002
Using three-dimensional kinematics to identify feedback for the snatch :A case study
Ho, Kuok Wai, Williams, Morgan, Wilson, Cameron and Meehan, Daniel. (2011). Using three-dimensional kinematics to identify feedback for the snatch :A case study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25(10), pp. 2773 - 2780. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31820f500e
Efficacy of a whole-body vibration intervention on functional performance of community-dwelling older adults
Furness, Trentham, Maschette, Wayne, Lorenzen, Christian, Naughton, Geraldine and Williams, Morgan. (2010). Efficacy of a whole-body vibration intervention on functional performance of community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine. 16(7), pp. 795 - 797. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2009.0366
Whole body vibration for preventing and treating osteoporosis (protocol)
Lorenzen, Christian, Naughton, Geraldine, Cameron, Lainie, Williams, Morgan and Greene, David. (2010). Whole body vibration for preventing and treating osteoporosis (protocol). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Acute effects of strength training on running economy
Ho, Kuok Wai, Williams, Morgan D., Wilson, Cameron J., Lorenzen, Hans Christian, Meehan, Daniel L. and Joseph, Corey W.. (2010). Acute effects of strength training on running economy. 28th Conference of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports. USA: International Society of Biomechanics. pp. 551 - 554
Breaking the vicious cycle of activity avoidance in an adolescent boy diagnosed with DCD and mild Asperberger's disorder
Aumand, Elizabeth, Williams, Morgan, Wilson, Cameron and Saunders, John. (2010). Breaking the vicious cycle of activity avoidance in an adolescent boy diagnosed with DCD and mild Asperberger's disorder. 4th Exercise and Sports Science Australia Conference 2010 : Research to practice : Science and nutrition in exercise and sport. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia 09 - 11 Apr 2010 Red Hill, Queensland: Exercise and Sports Science Australia. pp. 64-64
Transmission of vibration about the knee
Furness, Trentham P., Joseph, Corey W., Share, Bianca Louise, Naughton, Geraldine Ann, Maschette, Wayne and Lorenzen, Hans Christian. (2010). Transmission of vibration about the knee. 28th Conference of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports. Marquette, USA: International Society of Biomechanics. pp. 215 - 218
Analysis of player workloads for defensive outlets at the Champion's Trophy International Field Hockey
Morgan, Stuart and Williams, Morgan. (2010). Analysis of player workloads for defensive outlets at the Champion's Trophy International Field Hockey. 15th Annual Congress of the ECSS (European College of Sports Science). Antalya, Turkey 23 - 26 Jun 2010
Good, good, good vibrations
Lorenzen, Hans Christian, Furness, Trentham P. and Maschette, Wayne Edward. (2009). Good, good, good vibrations. 2008 Vario Health Conference - Physical and Mental Wellness: Integrative Approaches to Health. Western Australia, Australia: Edith Cowan University. pp. 75 - 86
Relationship between velocity reached at VO2max and time-trial performances in elite australian rules footballers
Lorenzen, Christian Hans, Williams, Morgan D., Turk, Paul S., Meehan, Daniel Lawrence and Cicioni-Kolsky, Daniel James. (2009). Relationship between velocity reached at VO2max and time-trial performances in elite australian rules footballers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 4(3), pp. 408 - 411. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.3.408
Stabilising the hip and pelvis during running: Is there an explosive solution for uninjured athletes?
Meehan, Daniel Lawrence, Williams, Morgan David, Wilson, Cameron John and Bradshaw, Elizabeth Jane. (2009). Stabilising the hip and pelvis during running: Is there an explosive solution for uninjured athletes? 27th International Conference on Biomechanics; in Sports. Castleroy, Limerick, Ireland: University of Limerick. pp. 390 - 393
Reliability of the Ekblom Soccer-Specific Endurance Test
Williams, Morgan D., Wiltshire, Huw D., Lorenzen, Christian Hans, Wilson, Cameron J., Meehan, Daniel Lawrence and Cicioni-Kolsky, Daniel James. (2009). Reliability of the Ekblom Soccer-Specific Endurance Test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 23(5), pp. 1378 - 1382. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31819f1e6c
Horizontal positioning error derived from stationary GPS units: A function of time and proximity to building infrastructure
Williams, Morgan and Morgan, Stuart. (2009). Horizontal positioning error derived from stationary GPS units: A function of time and proximity to building infrastructure. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. 9(2), pp. 275 - 280.
Exploration of differences in vertical jump performance between typically developing children and those identified with DCD: A kinematic and kinetic analysis
Williams, Morgan. (2008). Exploration of differences in vertical jump performance between typically developing children and those identified with DCD: A kinematic and kinetic analysis [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.4226/66/5a95e2f4c67fa
Laterality and its effect on lower extremity musculoskeletal stiffness in male soccer players and track runners
Williams, Morgan David, Bradshaw, Elizabeth Jane and Joseph, Corey W.. (2007). Laterality and its effect on lower extremity musculoskeletal stiffness in male soccer players and track runners. In Hans-Joachim Menzel and Mauro Heleno Chagas (Ed.). XXV International Symposium on Biomechanics; in Sports. Segrac,Brazil: Department of Sports, Federal University of Minas Gerais. pp. 613 - 617
Measurement agreement (repeatability) for a countermovement jump protocol using a portable forceplate
Williams, Morgan, Bradshaw, Elizabeth and Maschette, Wayne. (2007). Measurement agreement (repeatability) for a countermovement jump protocol using a portable forceplate. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2(4), pp. 445 - 448. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.4.445
Differences in vertical jump performance for typically developing compared to those identified with DC
Maschette, Wayne and Williams, Morgan David. (2007). Differences in vertical jump performance for typically developing compared to those identified with DC. 2nd Australian Association for Exercise and Sports Science Conference.
The response of elderly female fast gait to whole body vibration
Lorenzen, Hans Christian. (2007). The response of elderly female fast gait to whole body vibration [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.4226/66/5a95db13c67d5
Evaluating strength qualities of athletes using relationships between jump protocols
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