The accuracy and precision of DXA for assessing body composition in team sport athletes

Journal article


Bilsborough, Johann, Greenway, Kate, Opar, David, Livingstone, Steuart, Cordy, Justin and Coutts, Aaron. (2014). The accuracy and precision of DXA for assessing body composition in team sport athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences. 32(19), pp. 1821 - 1828. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.926380
AuthorsBilsborough, Johann, Greenway, Kate, Opar, David, Livingstone, Steuart, Cordy, Justin and Coutts, Aaron
Abstract

This study determined the precision of pencil and fan beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) devices for assessing body composition in professional Australian Football players. Thirty-six professional Australian Football players, in two groups (fan DXA, N = 22; pencil DXA, N = 25), underwent two consecutive DXA scans. A whole body phantom with known values for fat mass, bone mineral content and fat-free soft tissue mass was also used to validate each DXA device. Additionally, the criterion phantom was scanned 20 times by each DXA to assess reliability. Test–retest reliability of DXA anthropometric measures were derived from repeated fan and pencil DXA scans. Fat-free soft tissue mass and bone mineral content from both DXA units showed strong correlations with, and trivial differences to, the criterion phantom values. Fat mass from both DXA showed moderate correlations with criterion measures (pencil: r = 0.64; fan: r = 0.67) and moderate differences with the criterion value. The limits of agreement were similar for both fan beam DXA and pencil beam DXA (fan: fat-free soft tissue mass = −1650 ± 179 g, fat mass = −357 ± 316 g, bone mineral content = 289 ± 122 g; pencil: fat-free soft tissue mass = −1701 ± 257 g, fat mass = −359 ± 326 g, bone mineral content = 177 ± 117 g). DXA also showed excellent precision for bone mineral content (coefficient of variation (%CV) fan = 0.6%; pencil = 1.5%) and fat-free soft tissue mass (%CV fan = 0.3%; pencil = 0.5%) and acceptable reliability for fat measures (%CV fan: fat mass = 2.5%, percent body fat = 2.5%; pencil: fat mass = 5.9%, percent body fat = 5.7%). Both DXA provide precise measures of fat-free soft tissue mass and bone mineral content in lean Australian Football players. DXA-derived fat-free soft tissue mass and bone mineral content are suitable for assessing body composition in lean team sport athletes.

Year2014
JournalJournal of Sports Sciences
Journal citation32 (19), pp. 1821 - 1828
ISSN0264-0414
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.926380
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84927962637
Page range1821 - 1828
Research GroupSports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
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There is strength in numbers for muscle injuries it is time to establish an international collaborative registry
Van Dyke, Nicol, Van der Made, Anne D., Timmins, Ryan, Opar, David and Tol, Johannes L.. (2017). There is strength in numbers for muscle injuries it is time to establish an international collaborative registry. British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097318
Effect of prior injury on changes to biceps femoris architecture across an Australian football league season
Timmins, Ryan, Bourne, Matthew N., Hickey, Jack, Maniar, Nirav, Tofari, Paul, Williams, Morgan and Opar, David. (2017). Effect of prior injury on changes to biceps femoris architecture across an Australian football league season. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 49(10), pp. 2102 - 2109. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001333
Criteria for progressing rehabilitation and determining return to play clearance following hamstring strain injury: A systematic review
Hickey, Jack, Timmins, Ryan G., Maniar, Nirav, Williams, Morgan and Opar, David. (2017). Criteria for progressing rehabilitation and determining return to play clearance following hamstring strain injury: A systematic review. Sports Medicine. 47(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0667-x
Predictive modeling of hamstring strain injuries in elite Australian footballers
Ruddy, Joshua, Shield, Anthony J., Maniar, Nirav, Williams, Morgan D., Duhig, Steven J., Timmins, Ryan, Hickey, Jack, Bourne, Matthew N. and Opar, David. (2017). Predictive modeling of hamstring strain injuries in elite Australian footballers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 50(5), pp. 1 - 30. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001527
Running exposure is associated with the risk of hamstring strain injury in elite Australian footballers
Ruddy, Joshua D., Pollard, Christopher, Timmins, Ryan, Williams, Morgan, Shield, Anthony and Opar, David. (2017). Running exposure is associated with the risk of hamstring strain injury in elite Australian footballers. British Journal of Sports Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096777
Drop punt kicking induces eccentric knee flexor weakness associated with reductions in hamstring electromyographic activity
Duhig, Steven J., Williams, Morgan, Minett, Geoffrey M., Opar, David and Shield, Anthony J.. (2017). Drop punt kicking induces eccentric knee flexor weakness associated with reductions in hamstring electromyographic activity. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 20(6), pp. 595 - 599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.09.006
Muscle activation patterns in the Nordic hamstring exercise: Impact of prior strain injury
Bourne, Matthew N., Opar, David, Williams, Morgan, Najjar, Aiman Al and Shield, Anthony J.. (2016). Muscle activation patterns in the Nordic hamstring exercise: Impact of prior strain injury. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 26(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12494
Hamstring strength and flexibility after hamstring strain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Maniar, Nirav, Shielf, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G. and Opar, David A.. (2016). Hamstring strength and flexibility after hamstring strain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(15), pp. 909-920. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095311
Effect of high-speed running on hamstring strain injury risk
Duhig, Steven, Shield, Anthony, Opar, David, Gabbett, Tim, Ferguson, Cameron and Williams, Morgan. (2016). Effect of high-speed running on hamstring strain injury risk. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(24). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095679
Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study
Timmins, Ryan G., Bourne, Matthew N., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David. (2016). Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(24). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095362
The effect of low- vs high-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence and performance in endurance-trained cyclists
Whitty, Anthony G., Murphy, Aron J., Coutts, Aaron J. and Watsford, Mark L.. (2016). The effect of low- vs high-cadence interval training on the freely chosen cadence and performance in endurance-trained cyclists. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. 41(6), pp. 666-673. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0562
Reliability of measures of quadriceps muscle function using magnetic stimulation
Tofari, Paul J., Opar, David, Kemp, Justin Guy, Billaut, Francois and Cormack, Stuart John. (2016). Reliability of measures of quadriceps muscle function using magnetic stimulation. Muscle & Nerve. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.24926
Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: A narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness
Timmins, Ryan G., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D., Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David. (2016). Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: A narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(23). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094881
Comparisons of eccentric knee flexor strength and asymmetries across elite, sub-elite and school level cricket players
Chalker, Wade J., Shield, Anthony J., Opar, David and Keogh, Justin W. L.. (2016). Comparisons of eccentric knee flexor strength and asymmetries across elite, sub-elite and school level cricket players. PeerJ. 4, pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1594
What do submarines have in common with diabetes?
Rio, Ebony, Timmins, Ryan Gregory and Opar, David. (2016). What do submarines have in common with diabetes? British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(16), pp. 955 - 956. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096646
The juxtaposition of science and medicine in sport. Can we all play together nicely?
Opar, David and Rio, Ebony. (2015). The juxtaposition of science and medicine in sport. Can we all play together nicely? British Journal of Sports Medicine. 49(10), pp. 640 - 641. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094819
Eccentric knee flexor strength and risk of hamstring injuries in Rugby Union: A prospective study
Bourne, Matthew, Opar, David, Williams, Morgan and Shield, Anthony. (2015). Eccentric knee flexor strength and risk of hamstring injuries in Rugby Union: A prospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(11), pp. 2663 - 2670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515599633
Acute injuries in track and field athletes : A 3-year observational study at the penn relays carnival with epidemiology and medical coverage implications
Opar, David, Drezner, Jonathan, Shield, Anthony, Williams, Morgan, Webner, David, Sennett, Brian, Kapur, Rahul, Cohen, Marc, Ulager, James, Cafengiu, Ana and Cronholm, Peter F. (2015). Acute injuries in track and field athletes : A 3-year observational study at the penn relays carnival with epidemiology and medical coverage implications. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(4), pp. 816 - 822. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514562553
Comparison of anthropometry, upper body strength and lower body power characteristics in different levels of Australian Football players
Bilsborough, Johann, Greenway, Kate, Opar, David, Livingstone, Steuart, Cordy, Justin, Bird, S. and Coutts, Aaron. (2015). Comparison of anthropometry, upper body strength and lower body power characteristics in different levels of Australian Football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29(3), pp. 826 - 834. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000682
The effect of previous hamstring strain injury on the change in eccentric hamstring strength during preseason training in elite Australian footballers
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G., Hickey, Jack, Duhig, Steven J. and Shield, Anthony J.. (2015). The effect of previous hamstring strain injury on the change in eccentric hamstring strength during preseason training in elite Australian footballers. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(2), pp. 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514556638
Biceps femoris long head architecture: A reliability and retrospective injury study
Timmins, Ryan Gregory, Shield, Anthony, Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David. (2015). Biceps femoris long head architecture: A reliability and retrospective injury study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 47(5), pp. 905 - 913. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000507
Is there a potential relationship between prior hamstring strain injury and increased risk for future anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Opar, David and Serpell, Benjamin. (2014). Is there a potential relationship between prior hamstring strain injury and increased risk for future anterior cruciate ligament injury? Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 95(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2013.07.028
Reduced biceps femoris myoelectrical activity influences eccentric knee flexor weakness after repeat sprint running
Timmins, R. G., Opar, D. A., Williams, M. D., Schache, A. G., Dear, N. M. and Shield, A. J.. (2014). Reduced biceps femoris myoelectrical activity influences eccentric knee flexor weakness after repeat sprint running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 24(4), pp. e299-e305. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12171
The financial cost of hamstring strain injuries in the Australian Football League
Hickey, Jack, Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D. and Opar, David A. (2014). The financial cost of hamstring strain injuries in the Australian Football League. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 48(8), pp. 729-730. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092884
Acute hamstring strain injury in track-and-field athletes: A 3-year observational study at the Penn Relay Carnival
Opar, David, Drezner, Jonathan, Shield, Anthony, Williams, Morgan, Webner, David, Sennett, Brian, Kapur, Rahul, Cohen, M., Ulager, James and Cafengiu, Ana. (2014). Acute hamstring strain injury in track-and-field athletes: A 3-year observational study at the Penn Relay Carnival. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 24(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12159
A novel device using the Nordic hamstring exercise to assess eccentric knee flexor strength: A reliability and retrospective injury study
Opar, David, Piatowski, Timothy, Williams, Morgan and Shield, Anthony J.. (2013). A novel device using the Nordic hamstring exercise to assess eccentric knee flexor strength: A reliability and retrospective injury study. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 43(9), pp. 636 - 640. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2013.4837
Rate of torque and electromyographic development during anticipated eccentric contraction is lower in previously strained hamstrings
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G. and Dear, Nuala M. (2013). Rate of torque and electromyographic development during anticipated eccentric contraction is lower in previously strained hamstrings. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 41(1), pp. 116-125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512462809
The role of neuromuscular inhibition in hamstring strain injury recurrence
Fyfe, Jackson, Opar, David, Williams, Morgan and Shield, Anthony. (2013). The role of neuromuscular inhibition in hamstring strain injury recurrence. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 23(3), pp. 523-530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.12.006
Knee flexor strength and bicep femoris electromyographical activity is lower in previously strained hamstrings
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G., Dear, Nuala M. and Shield, Anthony J. (2013). Knee flexor strength and bicep femoris electromyographical activity is lower in previously strained hamstrings. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 23(3), pp. 696-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.11.004
Do physical capacity and interchange rest periods influence match exercise-intensity profile in Australian football?
Mooney, Mitchell, Cormack, Stuart, O'Brien, Brendan and Coutts, Aaron. (2013). Do physical capacity and interchange rest periods influence match exercise-intensity profile in Australian football? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.2.165
International field hockey players perform more high-speed running than national-level conterparts
Jennings, Denise, Cormack, Stuart, Coutts, Aaron and Aughey, Robert. (2012). International field hockey players perform more high-speed running than national-level conterparts. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 26(4), pp. 947 - 952. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822e5913
Hamstring strain injuries : Factors that lead to injury and re-injury
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D. and Shield, Anthony J. (2012). Hamstring strain injuries : Factors that lead to injury and re-injury. Sports Medicine. 42(3), pp. 209-226. https://doi.org/10.2165/11594800-000000000-00000
GPS Analysis of an International Field Hockey Tournament
Jennings, Denise, Cormack, Stuart, Coutts, Aaron and Aughey, Robert. (2012). GPS Analysis of an International Field Hockey Tournament. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 7(3), pp. 224 - 231. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.3.224
The relationship between physical capacity and match performance in elite Australian football :A mediation approach
Mooney, Mitchell, O'Brien, Brendan, Cormack, Stuart, Coutts, Aaron, Berry, Jason and Young, Warren. (2011). The relationship between physical capacity and match performance in elite Australian football :A mediation approach. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 14(5), pp. 447 - 452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.03.010
The Validity and Reliability of GPS Units for Measuring Distance in Team Sport Specific Running Patterns
Jennings, Denise, Cormack, Stuart, Coutts, Aaron, Boyd, Luke and Aughey, Robert. (2010). The Validity and Reliability of GPS Units for Measuring Distance in Team Sport Specific Running Patterns. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 5(3), pp. 328 - 341. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.3.328
Variability of GPS units for measuring distance in team sport movements
Jennings, Denise, Cormack, Stuart, Coutts, Aaron, Boyd, Luke and Aughey, Robert. (2010). Variability of GPS units for measuring distance in team sport movements. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 5(4), pp. 565 - 569. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.4.565
Neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual fatigue responses during different length between-match microcycles in professional rugby league players
McLean, Blake, Coutts, Aaron, Kelly, Vincent, McGuigan, Michael and Cormack, Stuart. (2010). Neuromuscular, endocrine, and perceptual fatigue responses during different length between-match microcycles in professional rugby league players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 5(3), pp. 367 - 383. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.3.367
Factors associated with the selection of freely chosen cadence in non-cyclists
Whitty, Anthony Gerard, Murphy, Aron J., Coutts, Aaron J. and Watsford, Mark L.. (2009). Factors associated with the selection of freely chosen cadence in non-cyclists. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 106(5), pp. 705 - 712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1071-0