Burden of diarrhea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Journal article

Ibrahim, Khalil, Colombara, Danny V., Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein, Troeger, Christopher, Daoud, Farah, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Rao, Puja C., Afshin, Ashkan, Charara, Raghid, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abu-Elyazeed, Remon, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akseer, Nadia, Alam, Khurshid, Alasfoor, Deena, ... Mokdad, Ali H.. (2016). Burden of diarrhea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 95(6), pp. 1319 - 1329. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0339
AuthorsIbrahim, Khalil, Colombara, Danny V., Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein, Troeger, Christopher, Daoud, Farah, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Rao, Puja C., Afshin, Ashkan, Charara, Raghid, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, El Razek, Mohammed Magdy Abd, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abu-Elyazeed, Remon, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Akanda, Ali Shafqat, Akseer, Nadia, Alam, Khurshid, Alasfoor, Deena, Ali, Raghib, Al Mazroa, Mohammad A., Alomari, Mahmoud A., Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Mohammad Salem, Alsharif, Ubai, Alsowaidi, Shirina, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ammar, Walid, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Atique, Suleman, Awasthi, Ashish, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Barac, Aleksandra, Bedi, Neeraj, Bekele, Tolesa, Bensenor, Isabela M., Betsu, Balem Demtsu, Bhutta, Zulfiqar, Bin Abdulhak, Aref A., Butt, Zahid A., Danawi, Hadi, Dubey, Manisha, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Faghmous, Imad D. A., Farid, Talha, Farvid, Maryam S., Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fischer, Florian, Fitchett, Joseph Robert Anderson, Gibney, Katherine B., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Gupta, Rahul, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Harb, Hilda L., Hedayati, Mohammad T., Hsairi, Mohamed, Husseini, Abdullatif, Jahanmehr, Nader, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jibat, Tariku, Jonas, Jost B., Kasaeian, Amir, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Abdur Rahman, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khoja, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kissoon, Niranjan, Koyanagi, Ai, Lal, Aparna, Latif, Asma Abdul Abdul, Lunevicius, Raimundas, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Mehari, Alem, Mekonnen, Alemayehu B., Melaku, Yohannes Adama, Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Misganaw, Awoke, Mohamed, Layla Abdalla Ibrahim, Nachega, Jean B., Nguyen, Quyen Le, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Peprah, Emmanuel Kwame, Platts-Mills, James A., Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Ur Rahman, Sajjad, Kumar Rai, Rajesh, Rana, Saleem M., Ranabhat, Chhabi L., Rao, Sowmya R., Refaat, Amany H., Riddle, Mark, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saleh, Muhammad Muhammad, Sanabria, Juan R., Sawhney, Monika, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Setegn, Tesfaye, Sliwa, Karen, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Sykes, Bryan L., Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tedla, Bemnet Amare, Terkawi, Abdullah S., Ukwaja, Kingsley, Uthman, Olalekan A., Westerman, Ronny, Wubshet, Mamo, Yenesew, Muluken A., Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Zaidi, Zoubida, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A., Wang, Haidong, Naghavi, Mohsen, Vos, Theo, Lopez, Alan D., Murray, Christopher J. L. and Mokdad, Ali H.
Abstract

Diarrheal diseases ( DD ) are leading causes of disease burden, death, and disability, especially in children in low-income settings. DD can also impact a child's potential livelihood through stunted physical growth, cognitive impairment, and other sequelae. As part of the Global Burden of Disease Study, we estimated DD burden, and the burden attributable to specific risk factors and particular etiologies, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region ( EMR ) between 1990 and 2013. For both sexes and all ages, we calculated disability-adjusted life years ( DALYs ), which are the sum of years of life lost and years lived with disability. We estimate that over 125,000 deaths ( 3.6% of total deaths ) were due to DD in the EMR in 2013, with a greater burden of DD in low- and middle-income countries. Diarrhea deaths per 100,000 children under 5 years of age ranged from one ( 95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 0–1 ) in Bahrain and Oman to 471 ( 95% UI = 245–763 ) in Somalia. The pattern for diarrhea DALYs among those under 5 years of age closely followed that for diarrheal deaths. DALYs per 100,000 ranged from 739 ( 95% UI = 520–989 ) in Syria to 40,869 ( 95% UI = 21,540–65,823 ) in Somalia. Our results highlighted a highly inequitable burden of DD in EMR, mainly driven by the lack of access to proper resources such as water and sanitation. Our findings will guide preventive and treatment interventions which are based on evidence and which follow the ultimate goal of reducing the DD burden.

Year2016
JournalAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Journal citation95 (6), pp. 1319 - 1329
PublisherAmerican Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
ISSN0002-9637
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0339
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85005950002
Page range1319 - 1329
Research GroupMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited States of America
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