Child protection and out of home placement experiences of preschool children born to mothers enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment during pregnancy

Journal article


Lean, Rachel E., Pritchard, Verena E. and Woodward, Lianne J.. (2013). Child protection and out of home placement experiences of preschool children born to mothers enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment during pregnancy. Children and Youth Services Review. 35(11), pp. 1878 - 1885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.003
AuthorsLean, Rachel E., Pritchard, Verena E. and Woodward, Lianne J.
Abstract

Children born to opiate-dependent women engaged in methadone maintenance treatment are at high risk of child welfare concern. However, few studies have examined the early child protection service (CPS) contacts of this group or the risk factors that place some but not other mother–infant dyads at increased risk of serious concern resulting in the removal of the child from the family home. As part of a prospective longitudinal study based in New Zealand, 73 women enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment during pregnancy and 54 non-methadone maintained comparison mothers were recruited during pregnancy and interviewed close to delivery, 18-months and 4.5-years. At each follow-up evaluation, detailed life history methods were used to describe children's family circumstances and all CPS contacts. By 4.5-years postdelivery, methadone maintained mothers were ten-times more likely to have been investigated by child protection services than comparison mothers (59% v. 6%, p < .001). Of these contacts, almost half (44%) resulted in the removal of the child from the family home compared to no comparison children (p < .001). These children were most frequently placed before age 1, with an average of 1–2 caregiver changes (range: 0–7). In addition to maternal methadone maintenance treatment during pregnancy (p < .001), significant independent predictors of child out-of-home placement included maternal depression (p = .01), maternal history of child custody loss (p = .02), and to some extent, high levels of family socioeconomic adversity (p = .06). Findings highlight the complex psychosocial needs of this high-risk group, as well as the need for careful monitoring and parenting support following hospital discharge.

Keywordsmethadone maintenance; pregnancy; child protection; outcome; child abuse
Year2013
JournalChildren and Youth Services Review
Journal citation35 (11), pp. 1878 - 1885
PublisherPergamon Press
ISSN1873-7765
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.09.003
Scopus EID2-s2.0-84885038561
Page range1878 - 1885
Research GroupInstitute for Learning Sciences and Teacher Education (ILSTE)
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited Kingdom
EditorsD. Lindsey
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