Are public open space attributes associated with walking and depression?

Journal article


Koohsari, Javad, Badland, Hannah, Mavoa, Suzanne, Villanueva, Karen, Francis, Jacinta, Hooper, Paula, Owen, Neville and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2018). Are public open space attributes associated with walking and depression? Cities. 74, pp. 119 - 125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.11.011
AuthorsKoohsari, Javad, Badland, Hannah, Mavoa, Suzanne, Villanueva, Karen, Francis, Jacinta, Hooper, Paula, Owen, Neville and Giles-Corti, Billie
Abstract

Public open spaces (POS) are key neighbourhood destinations shown to confer numerous physical and mental health benefits. The amount and spatial distribution of POS throughout cities are guided by urban planning policies and standards. However, empirical evidence is not generally used to create POS standards. Developing and testing POS indices associated with positive health outcomes, can inform evidence-based POS urban design and planning standards that support the creation of healthier cities. This study examined associations of urban design policy-derived and empirical measures of POS proximity and density with walking and depression. The 2011–12 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study (AusDiab) wave data were used. Adults living in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia were included (n = 319). Participants reported walking for recreation and any walking within their neighbourhood during the last week. Depression was calculated using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale (CESD-10). Informed by Australian urban design policies and empirical evidence, various POS measures were calculated at different street network distances around residential addresses using geographic information systems software. Measures tested included: distance to nearest POS, size of nearest POS, total number of POS, and area of POS at scales of 400, 800, 1000, and 1600 m. Associations of these POS measures with walking and depression were examined using adjusted multilevel logistic regression models. Overall 68% and 77% of participants reported walking for recreation and any walking in the past week, respectively; and about 13% were categorized as depressed. Living within 400 m of POS was not associated with either type of walking, but those whose nearest POS was > 1.5 ha had 1.90 and 2.66 times greater odds of walking for recreation and any walking during the last week, respectively. In Melbourne, the urban design policy standard is that POS be available within 400 m of homes. In our study, this standard was not associated with walking or depression; however having a larger POS nearby supported residents’ walking. This study highlights the importance of assessing such standards for their potential health impact, and warrants further investigation

Keywordspublic green space; physical activity; urban design; public health; mental health; park
Year2018
JournalCities
Journal citation74, pp. 119 - 125
PublisherPergamon
ISSN0264-2751
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.11.011
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85035090509
Page range119 - 125
Research GroupMary MacKillop Institute for Health Research
Publisher's version
File Access Level
Controlled
Place of publicationUnited Kingdom
EditorsP. Zhao
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Sugiyama, Takemi, Villanueva, Karen, Knuiman, Matthew, Francis, Jacinta, Foster, Sarah, Wood, Lisa and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2016). Can neighborhood green space mitigate health inequalities? A study of socio-economic status and mental health. Health and Place. 38, pp. 16-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.01.002
Street network measures and adults' walking for transport: Application of space syntax
Koohsari, Mohammad Javad, Sugiyama, Takemi, Mavoa, Suzanne, Villanueva, Karen, Badland, Hannah, Giles-Corti, Billie and Owen, Neville. (2016). Street network measures and adults' walking for transport: Application of space syntax. Health and Place. 38, pp. 89 - 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.12.009
Adverse associations of car time with markers of cardio-metabolic risk
Sugiyama, Takemi, Wijndaele, Katrien, Koohsari, Mohammad Javad, Tanamas, Stephanie K., Dunstan, David W. and Owen, Neville. (2016). Adverse associations of car time with markers of cardio-metabolic risk. Preventive Medicine. 83, pp. 26-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.029
Use of science to guide city planning policy and practice: How to achieve healthy and sustainable future cities
Sallis, James F., Bull, Fiona C., Burdett, Ricky, Frank, Lawrence D., Griffiths, Peter, Giles-Corti, Billie and Stevenson, Mark. (2016). Use of science to guide city planning policy and practice: How to achieve healthy and sustainable future cities. The Lancet. 388(10062), pp. 2936 - 2947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30068-X
Neighbourhood disadvantage and self-reported type 2 diabetes, heart disease and comorbidity: A cross-sectional multilevel study
Rachele, Jerome Nikolaos, Giles-Corti, Billie and Turrell, Gavin. (2016). Neighbourhood disadvantage and self-reported type 2 diabetes, heart disease and comorbidity: A cross-sectional multilevel study. Annals of Epidemiology. 26(2), pp. 146 - 150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.11.008
Discussion of "How To Have Sustainable Transportation Without Making People Drive Less Or Give Up Suburban Living" by Mark Delucchi and Kenneth S. Kurani
Giles-Corti, Billie, Sugiyama, Takemi, Badland, Hannah, Koohsari, Javad and Owen, Neville. (2016). Discussion of "How To Have Sustainable Transportation Without Making People Drive Less Or Give Up Suburban Living" by Mark Delucchi and Kenneth S. Kurani. Journal of Urban Planning and Development. 140(2), pp. 1 - 3. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000172
Walkability and walking for transport: Characterizing the built environment using space syntax
Koohsari, Mohammad Javad, Owen, Neville, Cerin, Ester, Giles-Corti, Billie and Sugiyama, Takemi. (2016). Walkability and walking for transport: Characterizing the built environment using space syntax. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 13(121), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-016-0448-9
Improving integrated planning in Melbourne: Exploring barriers and enablers of health-promoting policy integration
Lowe, Melanie, Whitzman, Carolyn C. and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2015). Improving integrated planning in Melbourne: Exploring barriers and enablers of health-promoting policy integration. State of Australian Cities Conference 2015. Gold Coast, Australia: Urban Research Program, Griffith University. pp. 1 - 11
Quality of public open spaces and recreational walking
Sugiyama, Takemi, Gunn, Lucy, Christian, Hayley, Francis, Jacinta, Foster, Sarah, Hooper, Paula, Owen, Neville and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2015). Quality of public open spaces and recreational walking. American Journal of Public Health. 105(12), pp. 2490 - 2495. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302890
Associations between individual socioeconomic position, neighbourhood disadvantage and transport mode: baseline results from the HABITAT multilevel study
Rachele, Jerome N., Kavanagh, Anne M., Badland, Hannah, Giles-Corti, Billie, Washington, Simon and Turrell, Gavin. (2015). Associations between individual socioeconomic position, neighbourhood disadvantage and transport mode: baseline results from the HABITAT multilevel study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 69(12), pp. 1217 - 1223. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-205620
Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda
Koohsari, Mohammad, Mavoa, Suzanne, Villanueva, Karen, Sugiyama, Takemi, Badland, Hannah, Kaczynski, Andrew, Owen, Neville and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2015). Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: Concepts, methods and research agenda. Health and Place. 33, pp. 75 - 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.02.009
Neighborhood environmental attributes and adults' sedentary behaviors: Review and research agenda
Koohsari, Mohammad, Sugiyama, Takemi, Sahlqvist, Shannon, Mavoa, Suzanne, Hadgraft, Nyssa and Owen, Neville. (2015). Neighborhood environmental attributes and adults' sedentary behaviors: Review and research agenda. Preventive Medicine. 77, pp. 141 - 149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.027
Neighborhood environmental attributes and adults' maintenance of regular walking
Sugiyama, Takemi, Shibata, Ai, Koohsari, Mohammad, Tanamas, Stephanie, Oka, Koichiro, Salmon, Jo, Dunstan, David and Owen, Neville. (2015). Neighborhood environmental attributes and adults' maintenance of regular walking. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 47(6), pp. 1204 - 1210. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000528
Planning healthy, liveable and sustainable cities: How can indicators inform policy?
Lowe, Melanie, Whitzman, Carolyn, Badland, Hannah, Davern, Melanie, Aye, Lu, Hes, Dominique, Butterworth, Iain and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2015). Planning healthy, liveable and sustainable cities: How can indicators inform policy? Urban Policy and Research. 33(2), pp. 131 - 144. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2014.1002606
How active are people in metropolitan parks? An observational study of park visitation in Australia
Veitch, Jenny, Carver, Alison, Abbott, Gavin, Giles-Corti, Billie, Timperio, Anna and Salmon, Jo. (2015). How active are people in metropolitan parks? An observational study of park visitation in Australia. BMC Public Health. 15(610), pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1960-6
Mismatch between perceived and objectively measured land use mix and street connectivity: Associations with neighborhood walking
Koohsari, Mohammad, Badland, Hannah, Sugiyama, Takemi, Mavoa, Suzanne, Christian, Hayley and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2015). Mismatch between perceived and objectively measured land use mix and street connectivity: Associations with neighborhood walking. Journal of Urban Health. 92(2), pp. 242 - 252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-014-9928-x
Cycling for transport and recreation: Associations with the socio-economic, natural and built environment
Heesch, Kristiann C., Giles-Corti, Billie and Turrell, Gavin. (2015). Cycling for transport and recreation: Associations with the socio-economic, natural and built environment. Health and Place. 36, pp. 152 - 161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.10.004
Cities and health : Preventing NCDs through urban design
Lowe, Melanie and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2015). Cities and health : Preventing NCDs through urban design. In In Blashki, Grant and Sykes, Helen (Ed.). Dancing in the rain : Living with NCDs (Noncommunicable diseases) pp. 150-162 Future Leaders.
How active are people in metropolitan parks? An observational study of park visitation in Australia
Veitch, Jenny, Carver, Alison, Abbott, Gavin, Giles-Corti, Billie, Timperio, Anna and Salmon, Jo. (2015). How active are people in metropolitan parks? An observational study of park visitation in Australia. BMC Public Health. 15(610), pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1960-6
Exploring socioecological correlates of active living in retirement village residents
Nathan, Andrea Grace, Wood, Lisa and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2014). Exploring socioecological correlates of active living in retirement village residents. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. 22(1), pp. 1 - 15. https://doi.org/10.1123/JAPA.2012-0189
Association of street connectivity and road traffic speed with park usage and park-based physical activity
Kaczynski, Andrew T., Koohsari, Mohammad Javad, Wilhelm Stanis, Sonja A., Bergstrom, Ryan and Sugiyama, Takemi. (2014). Association of street connectivity and road traffic speed with park usage and park-based physical activity. American Journal of Health Promotion. 28(3), pp. 197 - 203. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.120711-QUAN-339
Cycling for transport and recreation: Associations with socio-economic position, environmental perceptions, and psychological disposition
Heesch, Kristiann C., Giles-Corti, Billie and Turrell, Gavin. (2014). Cycling for transport and recreation: Associations with socio-economic position, environmental perceptions, and psychological disposition. Preventive Medicine. 63, pp. 29 - 35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.03.003
Urban design and health: Progress to date and future challenges
Lowe, Melanie, Boulange, Claire and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2014). Urban design and health: Progress to date and future challenges. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 25(1), pp. 14 - 18. https://doi.org/10.1071/HE13072
Street connectivity and walking for transport: Role of neighborhood destinations
Koohsari, Mohammad Javad, Sugiyama, Takemi, Lamb, Karen Elaine, Villanueva, Karen and Owen, Neville. (2014). Street connectivity and walking for transport: Role of neighborhood destinations. Preventive Medicine. 66, pp. 118 - 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.019
Patterns of social capital associated with transit oriented development
Kamruzzaman, Md., Wood, Lisa, Hine, Julian, Currie, Graham, Giles-Corti, Billie and Turrell, Gavin. (2014). Patterns of social capital associated with transit oriented development. Journal of Transport Geography. 35, pp. 144 - 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.02.003
Using space syntax to assess the built environment for physical activity: Applications to research on parks and public open spaces
Koohsari, Mohammad Javad, Kaczynski, Andrew T., Mcormack, Gavin R. and Sugiyama, Takemi. (2014). Using space syntax to assess the built environment for physical activity: Applications to research on parks and public open spaces. Leisure Sciences. 36(2), pp. 206 - 216. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2013.856722
Examining correlates of self-reported and objectively measured physical activity among retirement village residents
Nathan, Andrea Grace, Wood, Lisa and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2014). Examining correlates of self-reported and objectively measured physical activity among retirement village residents. Australasian Journal on Ageing. 33(4), pp. 250 - 256. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12055
The impact of neighborhood walkability on walking: Does it differ across adult life stage and does neighborhood buffer size matter?
Villanueva, Karen, Knuiman, Matthew, Nathan, Andrea Grace, Giles-Corti, Billie, Christian, Hayley, Foster, Sarah and Bull, Fiona. (2014). The impact of neighborhood walkability on walking: Does it differ across adult life stage and does neighborhood buffer size matter? Health and Place. 25, pp. 43 - 46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.10.005
Reconnecting urban planning with health: A protocol for the development and validation of national liveability indicators associated with noncommunicable disease risk behaviours and health outcomes
Giles-Corti, Billie, Badland, Hannah, Mavoa, Suzanne, Turrell, Gavin, Bull, Fiona C., Boruff, Bryan, Pettit, Chris, Bauman, Adrian, Hooper, Paula, Villanueva, Karen, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Feng, Xiaoqi, Learnihan, Vincent, Davey, Rachel, Grenfell, Robert and Thackway, Sarah. (2014). Reconnecting urban planning with health: A protocol for the development and validation of national liveability indicators associated with noncommunicable disease risk behaviours and health outcomes. Public Health Research and Practice. 25(1), pp. 1 - 5. https://doi.org/10.17061/phrp2511405
Associations of leisure-time sitting in cars with neighborhood walkability
Koohsari, Mohammad Javad, Sugiyama, Takemi, Kaczynski, Andrew T. and Owen, Neville. (2014). Associations of leisure-time sitting in cars with neighborhood walkability. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 11(6), pp. 1129 - 1132. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0385
A natural experiment to examine the impact of park renewal on park-use and park-based physical activity in a disadvantaged neighbourhood: The REVAMP study methods
Veitch, Jenny, Salmon, Jo, Carver, Alison, Timperio, Anna, Crawford, David, Fletcher, Elly and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2014). A natural experiment to examine the impact of park renewal on park-use and park-based physical activity in a disadvantaged neighbourhood: The REVAMP study methods. BMC Public Health. 14(600), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-600
Perceptions of the built environment and associations with walking among retirement village residents
Nathan, Andrea Grace, Wood, Lisa and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2014). Perceptions of the built environment and associations with walking among retirement village residents. Environment and Behavior. 46(1), pp. 46 - 69. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916512450173
Selling new neighborhoods as good for walking: Issues for measuring self-selection
Nathan, Andrea Grace, Wood, Lisa and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2013). Selling new neighborhoods as good for walking: Issues for measuring self-selection. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 10(1), pp. 5 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.10.1.5
Environmental factors associated with active living in retirement village residents: Findings from an exploratory qualitative enquiry
Nathan, Andrea Grace, Wood, Lisa and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2013). Environmental factors associated with active living in retirement village residents: Findings from an exploratory qualitative enquiry. Research on Aging. 35(4), pp. 459 - 480. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027512454886
People living in hilly residential areas in metropolitan Perth have less diabetes: Spurious association or important environmental determinant?
Villanueva, Karen, Knuiman, Matthew, Koohsari, Mohammad Javad, Hickey, Sharyn, Foster, Sarah, Badland, Hannah, Nathan, Andrea Grace, Bull, Fiona and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2013). People living in hilly residential areas in metropolitan Perth have less diabetes: Spurious association or important environmental determinant? International Journal of Health Geographics. 12(59), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-12-59
Integrated planning for healthy communities: Does Victorian state legislation promote it?
Lowe, Melanie, Whitzman, Carolyn C. and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2013). Integrated planning for healthy communities: Does Victorian state legislation promote it? State of Australian Cities (SOAC) National Conference. Australia: Griffith University. pp. 1 - 11
The impact of the built environment on health across the life course: design of a cross-sectional data linkage study
Villanueva, Karen, Pereira, Gavin, Knuiman, Matthew, Bull, Fiona, Wood, Lisa, Christian, Hayley, Foster, Sarah, Boruff, Bryan, Beesley, Bridget, Hickey, Sharyn, Joyce, Sarah, Nathan, Andrea Grace, Saarloos, Dick and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2013). The impact of the built environment on health across the life course: design of a cross-sectional data linkage study. BMJ Open. 3(1), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002482
Initiating and maintaining recreational walking: A longitudinal study on the influence of neighborhood green space
Sugiyama, Takemi, Giles-Corti, Billie, Summers, Jacqui, du Toit, Lorinne, Leslie, Eva and Owen, Neville. (2013). Initiating and maintaining recreational walking: A longitudinal study on the influence of neighborhood green space. Preventive Medicine. 57, pp. 178 - 182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.05.015
Can the built environment reduce health inequalities? A study of neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and walking for transport
Turrell, Gavin, Haynes, Michele A., Wilson, Lee-Ann and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2013). Can the built environment reduce health inequalities? A study of neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage and walking for transport. Health and Place. 19(1), pp. 89 - 98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.10.008
Who does well where? Exploring how self-rated health differs across diverse people and neighborhoods
Badland, Hannah, Turrell, Gavin and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2013). Who does well where? Exploring how self-rated health differs across diverse people and neighborhoods. Health and Place. 22, pp. 82 - 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.03.006
Destination and route attributes associated with adults' walking: A review
Sugiyama, Takemi, Neuhaus, Maike, Cole, Rachel, Giles-Corti, Billie and Owen, Neville. (2012). Destination and route attributes associated with adults' walking: A review. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 44(7), pp. 1275 - 1286. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318247d286
The association between objectively measured neighbourhood features and walking for transport in mid-aged adults
Wilson, Lee-Ann, Giles-Corti, Billie and Turrell, Gavin. (2012). The association between objectively measured neighbourhood features and walking for transport in mid-aged adults. Local Environment. 17(2), pp. 131 - 146. https://doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2011.646965
Access to commercial destinations within the neighbourhood and walking among Australian older adults
Nathan, Andrea Grace, Pereira, Gavin, Foster, Sarah, Hooper, Paula, Saarloos, Dick and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2012). Access to commercial destinations within the neighbourhood and walking among Australian older adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 9(133), pp. 133 - 140. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-133
Environmental and psychosocial correlates of accelerometer-assessed and self-reported physical activity in Belgian adults
Van Dyck, Delfien, Cardon, Greet, Deforche, Benedicte, Giles-Corti, Billie, Sallis, James F., Owen, Neville and De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse. (2011). Environmental and psychosocial correlates of accelerometer-assessed and self-reported physical activity in Belgian adults. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 18(3), pp. 235 - 245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-010-9127-4
The association between objectively measured neighborhood features and walking in middle-aged adults
Wilson, Lee-Ann M., Giles-Corti, Billie, Burton, Nicola W., Giskes, Katrina, Haynes, Michele A. and Turrell, Gavin. (2011). The association between objectively measured neighborhood features and walking in middle-aged adults. American Journal of Health Promotion. 25(4), pp. e12 - e21. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.090421-QUAN-144
Test-retest reliability of perceptions of the neighborhood environment for physical activity by socioeconomic status
Turrell, Gavin, Haynes, Michele A., O'Flaherty, Martin, Burton, Nicola W., Giskes, Katrina, Giles-Corti, Billie and Wilson, Lee-Ann. (2011). Test-retest reliability of perceptions of the neighborhood environment for physical activity by socioeconomic status. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 8(6), pp. 829 - 840. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.6.829
Associations between recreational walking and attractiveness, size, and proximity of neighborhood open spaces
Sugiyama, Takemi, Francis, Jacinta, Middleton, Nicholas J., Owen, Neville and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2010). Associations between recreational walking and attractiveness, size, and proximity of neighborhood open spaces. American Journal of Public Health. 100(9), pp. 1752 - 1757. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.182006
Neighborhood Disadvantage and Physical Activity: Baseline Results from the HABITAT Multilevel Longitudinal Study
Turrell, Gavin, Haynes, Michele A., Burton, Nicola W., Giles-Corti, Billie, Oldenburg, Brian, Wilson, Lee-Ann, Giskes, Katrina and Brown, Wendy. (2010). Neighborhood Disadvantage and Physical Activity: Baseline Results from the HABITAT Multilevel Longitudinal Study. Annals of Epidemiology. 20(3), pp. 171 - 181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2009.11.004
HABITAT: A longitudinal multilevel study of physical activity change in mid-aged adults
Burton, Nicola W., Haynes, Michele A., Wilson, Lee-Ann, Giles-Corti, Billie, Oldenburg, Brian, Brown, Wendy, Giskes, Katrina and Turrell, Gavin. (2009). HABITAT: A longitudinal multilevel study of physical activity change in mid-aged adults. BMC Public Health. 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-76
Physical activity for recreation or exercise on neighbourhood streets: Associations with perceived environmental attributes
Sugiyama, Takemi, Leslie, Eva R., Giles-Corti, Billie and Owen, Neville. (2009). Physical activity for recreation or exercise on neighbourhood streets: Associations with perceived environmental attributes. Health and Place. 15(4), pp. 1058 - 1063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.05.001
Associations of neighbourhood greenness with physical and mental health: do walking, social coherence and local social interaction explain the relationships?
Sugiyama, Takemi, Leslie, Eva R., Giles-Corti, Billie and Owen, Neville. (2008). Associations of neighbourhood greenness with physical and mental health: do walking, social coherence and local social interaction explain the relationships? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 62(5). https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.064287