Validity and reliability evidence of a point of care assessment of salivary cortisol and a-amylase: a pre-registered study

Journal article


Kagan J. Ducker, Robin L.J. Lines, Michael T. Chapman, Peter Peeling, Alannah K.A. McKay and Daniel F. Gucciardi. (2020). Validity and reliability evidence of a point of care assessment of salivary cortisol and a-amylase: a pre-registered study. PeerJ. 8(e8366). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8366
AuthorsKagan J. Ducker, Robin L.J. Lines, Michael T. Chapman, Peter Peeling, Alannah K.A. McKay and Daniel F. Gucciardi
Abstract

Purpose
The iPro Cube is a small portable point-of-care device designed to analyse salivary markers of stress in a user-friendly manner (e.g., fast, convenient). Our aim was to test the reliability and validity of the iPro Cube to measure salivary cortisol and α-amylase as compared to the common laboratory standard method (ELISA immunoassay) prior to and after moderate intensity exercise.

Methods
The study was a repeated measures, pre-registered design, and statistical framework that incorporated prior knowledge directly into the estimation process. Twenty-nine individuals (age = 27.4 ± 6.6 y; body-mass = 70.8 ± 11.3 kg; height = 1.74 ± 0.92 m; 18 males) completed a single PWC75%HRmax, with repeated measures of salivary cortisol and -amylase pre, immediately post, and 30 min post-exercise.

Results
Correlation between the iPro Cube and laboratory-based assessments of salivary cortisol was moderate-to-large (0.53 > r < 0.81) across all three testing points. In contrast, correlation between the iPro Cube and laboratory-based assessments of -amylase was small-to-moderate (0.25 > r < 0.46). We found a large correlation between duplicate samples of iPro Cube cortisol assessment (0.75 > r < 0.82), and a moderate-to-large correlation for -amylase (0.51> r < 0.77).

Conclusions
The iPro Cube is capable of taking measures of salivary cortisol that are moderately correlated to values obtained via ELISA immunoassay, however the unit underestimates salivary cortisol and overestimates salivary -amylase at rest and post-moderate intensity exercise. It is recommended that researchers continue using standard laboratory techniques to assess these salivary stress markers.

Keywordsstress; psychophysiology; saliva; exercise
Year2020
JournalPeerJ
Journal citation8 (e8366)
PublisherPeerJ Ltd.
ISSN2167-8359
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8366
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Publication process dates
Deposited16 Apr 2021
Permalink -

https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8vx35/validity-and-reliability-evidence-of-a-point-of-care-assessment-of-salivary-cortisol-and-a-amylase-a-pre-registered-study

Download files


Publisher's version
OA_Ducker_2020_Validity_and_reliability_evidence_of_a.pdf
License: CC BY 4.0
File access level: Open

  • 81
    total views
  • 77
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month
These values are for the period from 19th October 2020, when this repository was created.

Export as

Related outputs

Auditing the representation of hormonal contraceptives in studies assessing exercise performance in women
Flood, Tessa R., Clausen, Emma, Kuikman, Megan, Smith, Ella, McKay, Alannah Kelli Anique, Burke, Louise Mary and Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J. (2024). Auditing the representation of hormonal contraceptives in studies assessing exercise performance in women. Journal of Sports Sciences. 42(9), pp. 825-839. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2368762
Myths and methodologies : Standardisation in human physiology research—should we control the controllables?
Merrell, Lucy H., Perkin, Oliver J., Bradshaw, Louise, Collier-Bain, Harrison D., Collins, Adam J., Davies, Sophie, Eddy, Rachel, Hickman, James A., Nicholas, Anna P., Rees, Daniel, Spellanzon, Bruno, James, James, McKay, Alannah K. A., Smith, Harry Alex, Turner, James Edward, Koumanov, Francoise, Maher, Jennifer, Thompson, Dylan, Gonzalez, Javier T. and Betts, James A.. (2024). Myths and methodologies : Standardisation in human physiology research—should we control the controllables? Experimental Physiology. pp. 1099 - 1108. https://doi.org/10.1113/EP091557
Iron regulation and absorption in athletes : contemporary thinking and recommendations
Peeling, Peter and McKay, Alannah Kelli Anique. (2023). Iron regulation and absorption in athletes : contemporary thinking and recommendations. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 26(6), pp. 551-556. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000966
Menstrual cycle hormones and oral contraceptives : a multimethod systems physiology-based review of their impact on key aspects of female physiology
D'Souza, Alysha C., Wageh, Mai, Williams, Jennifer S., Colenso-Semple, Lauren M., McCarthy, Devin G., McKay, Alannah Kelli Anique, Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J, Burke, Louise Mary, Parise, Gianni, Macdonald, Maureen, Tarnopolsky, Mark and Phillips, Stuart. (2023). Menstrual cycle hormones and oral contraceptives : a multimethod systems physiology-based review of their impact on key aspects of female physiology. Journal of Applied Physiology. 135(6), pp. 1284-1299. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00346.2023
Use of Buffers in Specific Contexts : Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents - A Narrative Review
Carr, A, McKay, Alannah Kelli Anique, Burke, Louise Mary, Smith, Ella, Urwin, Charles S., Convit, Lilia, Jardine, William T., Kelly, Monica K. and Saunders, Bryan. (2023). Use of Buffers in Specific Contexts : Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents - A Narrative Review. Sports Medicine. 53, pp. 25-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01872-7
The Impact of a Short-Term Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Biomarkers of Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Gastrointestinal Symptoms
McKay, Alannah Kelli Anique, Wallett, Alice M., McKune, Andrew, Periard, Julien, Saunders, Philo, Whitfield, Jamie, Tee, Nicolin, Heikura, Ida, Ross, Megan Louise Rhys, Sharma, Avish P., Costa, Ricardo J.S. and Burke, Louise Mary. (2023). The Impact of a Short-Term Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Biomarkers of Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 33(6), pp. 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0009
Short severe energy restriction with refueling reduces body mass without altering training-associated performance improvement
Burke, Louise M., Whitfield, Jamie, Ross, Megan L., Tee, Nicolin, Sharma, Avish P., King, Andy K., Heikura, Ida A., Morabito, Aimee and McKay, Alannah K. A.. (2023). Short severe energy restriction with refueling reduces body mass without altering training-associated performance improvement. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 55(8), pp. 1487-1498. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003169
The impact of acute calcium intake on bone turnover markers during a training day in elite male rowers
Lundy, Bronwen, McKay, Alannah K. A., Fensham, Nikita, Tee, Nicolin, Anderson, Bryce, Morabito, Aimee, Ross, Megan L. R., Sim, Marc, Ackerman, Kathryn E. and Burke, Louise M.. (2023). The impact of acute calcium intake on bone turnover markers during a training day in elite male rowers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 55(1), pp. 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003022
Auditing the representation of female versus male athletes in sports science and sports medicine research : Evidence-based performance supplements
Smith, Ella S., McKay, Alannah K. A., Kuikman, Megan, Ackerman, Kathryn E., Harris, Rachel, Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J., Stellingwerff, Trent and Burke, Louise M.. (2022). Auditing the representation of female versus male athletes in sports science and sports medicine research : Evidence-based performance supplements. Nutrients. 14(5), p. Article 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050953
Sequential submaximal training in elite male rowers does not result in amplified increases in interleukin-6 or hepcidin
Fensham, Nikita C., McKay, Alannah K. A., Tee, Nicolin, Lundy, Bronwen, Anderson, Bryce, Morabito, Aimee, Ross, Megan L. R. and Burke, Louise M.. (2022). Sequential submaximal training in elite male rowers does not result in amplified increases in interleukin-6 or hepcidin. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 32(3), pp. 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0263
Fuelling the female athlete : Auditing her representation in studies of acute carbohydrate intake for exercise
Kuikman, Megan A., Smith, Ella S., McKay, Alannah K. A., Ackerman, Kathryn E., Harris, Rachel, Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J., Stellingwerff, Trent and Burke, Louise M.. (2022). Fuelling the female athlete : Auditing her representation in studies of acute carbohydrate intake for exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 55(3), pp. 569-580. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003056
Methodological considerations for investigating iron status and regulation in exercise and sport science studies
McKay, Alannah K. A., Sim, Marc, Moretti, Diego, Hall, Rebecca, Stellingwerff, Trent, Burden, Richard J. and Peeling, Peter. (2022). Methodological considerations for investigating iron status and regulation in exercise and sport science studies. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 32(8), pp. 359-370. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0343
Six days of low carbohydrate, not energy availability, alters the iron and immune response to exercise in elite athletes
McKay, Alannah K. A., Peeling, Peter, Pyne, David B., Tee, Nicolin, Whitfield, Jamie, Sharma, Avish P., Heikura, Ida A. and Burke, Louise M.. (2022). Six days of low carbohydrate, not energy availability, alters the iron and immune response to exercise in elite athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 54(3), pp. 377-387. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002819
Short-term very high carbohydrate diet and gut-training have minor effects on gastrointestinal status and performance in highly trained endurance athletes
King, Andrew J., Etxebarria, Naroa, Ross, Megan L., Garvican-Lewis, Laura, Heikura, Ida A., McKay, Alannah K. A., Tee, Nicolin, Forbes, Sara F., Beard, Nicole A., Saunders, Philo U., Sharma, Avish P., Gaskell, Stephanie K., Costa, Ricardo J. S. and Burke, Louise M.. (2022). Short-term very high carbohydrate diet and gut-training have minor effects on gastrointestinal status and performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Nutrients. 14(9), p. Article 1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091929
Managing female athlete health : Auditing the representation of female versus male participants among research in supplements to manage diagnosed micronutrient issues
Smith, Ella S., McKay, Alannah K. A., Kuikman, Megan, Ackerman, Kathryn E., Harris, Rachel, Elliot-Sale, Kirsty J., Stellingwerff, Trent and Burke, Louise M.. (2022). Managing female athlete health : Auditing the representation of female versus male participants among research in supplements to manage diagnosed micronutrient issues. Nutrients. 14(16), p. Article 3372. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14163372
Short-Term Carbohydrate Restriction Impairs Bone Formation at Rest and During Prolonged Exercise to a Greater Degree than Low Energy Availability
Fensham, Nikita, Heikura, Ida, McKay, Alannah Kelli Anique, Tee, Nicolin, Ackerman, Kathryn and Burke, Louise Mary. (2022). Short-Term Carbohydrate Restriction Impairs Bone Formation at Rest and During Prolonged Exercise to a Greater Degree than Low Energy Availability. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 37(10), pp. 1915-1925. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4658
A repeated shuttle sprint test with female and male international field hockey player is reliable and associated with single sprint but not intermittent endurance performance
Goods, Paul S. R., McKay, Alannah K., Appleby, Brendyn, Veli, David, Peeling, Peter and Jennings, Denise. (2022). A repeated shuttle sprint test with female and male international field hockey player is reliable and associated with single sprint but not intermittent endurance performance. PLoS ONE. 17(7), p. Article e0271244. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271244
Dietary iron and the elite dancer
Attwell, Caitlin, Dugan, Cory, McKay, Alannah K. A., Nicholas, Joanna, Hopper, Luke and Peeling, Peter. (2022). Dietary iron and the elite dancer. Nutrients. 14(9), p. Article 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091936
Methodology review : A protocol to audit the representation of female athletes in sports science and sports medicine research
Smith, Ella S., McKay, Alannah K. A., Ackerman, Kathryn E., Harris, Rachel, Elliott-Sale, Kirsty J., Stellingwerff, Trent and Burke, Louise M.. (2022). Methodology review : A protocol to audit the representation of female athletes in sports science and sports medicine research. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 32(2), pp. 114-127. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0257
Defining training and performance caliber : A participant classification framework
McKay, Alannah K. A., Stellingwerff, Trent, Smith, Ella S., Martin, David T., Mujika, Iñigo, Goosey-Tolfrey, Vicky L., Sheppard, Jeremy and Burke, Louise M.. (2022). Defining training and performance caliber : A participant classification framework. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 17(2), pp. 317-331. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0451
Exercise and heat stress : Inflammation and the iron regulatory response
McKay, Alannah K. A., McCormick, Rachel, Tee, Nicolin and Peeling, Peter. (2021). Exercise and heat stress : Inflammation and the iron regulatory response. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 31(6), pp. 460-465. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0080
Neither beetroot juice supplementation nor increased carbohydrate oxidation enhance economy of prolonged exercise in elite race walkers
Burke, Louise M., Hall, Rebecca, Heikura, Ida A., Ross, Megan L., Tee, Nicolin, Kent, Georgina L., Whitfield, Jamie, Forbes, Sara F., Sharma, Avish P., Jones, Andrew M., Peeling, Peter, Blackwell, Jamie R., Mujika, Iñigo, Mackay, Karen, Kozior, Marta, Vallance, Brent and McKay, Alannah K. A.. (2021). Neither beetroot juice supplementation nor increased carbohydrate oxidation enhance economy of prolonged exercise in elite race walkers. Nutrients. 13(8), p. Article 2767. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082767
The validity of ultrasound technology in providing an indirect estimate of muscle glycogen concentrations is equivocal
Bone, Julia L., Ross, Megan L., Tomcik, Kristyen A., Jeacocke, Nikki A., McKay, Alannah K. A. and Burke, Louise M.. (2021). The validity of ultrasound technology in providing an indirect estimate of muscle glycogen concentrations is equivocal. Nutrients. 13(7), p. Article 2371. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072371
Acute ketogenic diet and ketone ester supplementation impairs race walk performance
Whitfield, Jamie, Burke, Louise M., McKay, Alannah K. A., Heikura, Ida A., Hall, Rebecca, Fensham, Nikita and Sharma, Avish P.. (2021). Acute ketogenic diet and ketone ester supplementation impairs race walk performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 53(4), pp. 776-784. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000002517
Sustained Exposure to High Carbohydrate Availability Does Not Influence Iron-Regulatory Responses in Elite Endurance Athletes
McKay, A., Peeling, P., Pyne, D.B., Tee, N., Welveart, M., Heikura, I., Sharma, A.P., Whitfield, J., Ross, M., van Swelm, R.P.L., Laarakkers, C.M. and Burke, L.. (2021). Sustained Exposure to High Carbohydrate Availability Does Not Influence Iron-Regulatory Responses in Elite Endurance Athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 31(2), pp. 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0224
Adaptation to Low Carbohydrate High Fat diet is rapid but impairs endurance exercise metabolism and performance despite enhanced glycogen availability
Burke, Louise M., Whitfield, Jamie, Heikura, Ida A., Ross, Megan L. R., Tee, Nicolin, Forbes, Sara F., Hall, Rebecca, McKay, Alannah K. A., Wallett, Alice M. and Sharma, Avish P.. (2021). Adaptation to Low Carbohydrate High Fat diet is rapid but impairs endurance exercise metabolism and performance despite enhanced glycogen availability. Journal of Physiology. 599(3), pp. 771-790. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP280221
Iron metabolism : Interactions with energy and carbohydrate availability
McKay, Alannah K. A., Pyne, David B., Burke, Louise M. and Peeling, Peter. (2020). Iron metabolism : Interactions with energy and carbohydrate availability. Nutrients. 12(12), p. 3692. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123692
Examining the decay in serum ferritin following intravenous iron infusion : A retrospective cohort analysis of Olympic sport female athletes
McKay, Alannah K. A., Goods, Paul S. R., Binnie, Martyn J., Goodman, Carmel and Peeling, Peter. (2020). Examining the decay in serum ferritin following intravenous iron infusion : A retrospective cohort analysis of Olympic sport female athletes. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. 45(10), pp. 1174-1177. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0132
Topical sodium bicarbonate : No improvement in blood buffering capacity or exercise performance
McKay, Alannah K. A., Peeling, Peter, Binnie, Martyn J., Goods, Paul S. R., Sim, Marc, Cross, Rebecca and Siegler, Jason. (2020). Topical sodium bicarbonate : No improvement in blood buffering capacity or exercise performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 15(7), pp. 1005-1011. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0345
Crisis of confidence averted : Impairment of exercise economy and performance in elite race walkers by ketogenic low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet is reproducible
Burke, Louise M., Sharma, Avish P., Heikura, Ida A., Forbes, Sara F., Holloway, Melissa, McKay, Alannah K. A., Bone, Julia L., Leckey, Jill J., Welvaert, Marijke and Ross, Megan L.. (2020). Crisis of confidence averted : Impairment of exercise economy and performance in elite race walkers by ketogenic low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diet is reproducible. PLoS ONE. 15(6), pp. 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234027
Iron considerations for the athlete : A narrative review
Marc Sim, Garvican-Lewis, Laura A., Cox, Gregory R., Govus, Andrew D., McKay, Alannah K. A., Stellingwerff, T. and Peeling, Peter. (2019). Iron considerations for the athlete : A narrative review. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 119(7), pp. 1463-1478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04157-y