The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use : Health impact assessment study
Journal article
Rojas-Rueda, David, de Nazelle, Audrey, Tainio, Marko and Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J.. (2011). The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use : Health impact assessment study. BMJ. 343, p. d4521. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4521
Authors | Rojas-Rueda, David, de Nazelle, Audrey, Tainio, Marko and Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark J. |
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Abstract | Objective: To estimate the risks and benefits to health of travel by bicycle, using a bicycle sharing scheme, compared with travel by car in an urban environment. Design: Health impact assessment study. Setting: Public bicycle sharing initiative, Bicing, in Barcelona, Spain. Participants: 181 982 Bicing subscribers. Main outcomes measures: The primary outcome measure was all cause mortality for the three domains of physical activity, air pollution (exposure to particulate matter <2.5 µm), and road traffic incidents. The secondary outcome was change in levels of carbon dioxide emissions. Results: Compared with car users the estimated annual change in mortality of the Barcelona residents using Bicing (n=181 982) was 0.03 deaths from road traffic incidents and 0.13 deaths from air pollution. As a result of physical activity, 12.46 deaths were avoided (benefit:risk ratio 77). The annual number of deaths avoided was 12.28. As a result of journeys by Bicing, annual carbon dioxide emissions were reduced by an estimated 9 062 344 kg. Conclusions: Public bicycle sharing initiatives such as Bicing in Barcelona have greater benefits than risks to health and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. |
Year | 2011 |
Journal | BMJ |
Journal citation | 343, p. d4521 |
Publisher | BMJ Publishing Group Limited |
ISSN | 0959-535X |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4521 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-84857438504 |
Open access | Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 1-9 |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 04 Aug 2011 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 13 Jun 2011 |
Deposited | 10 May 2021 |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8vzxy/the-health-risks-and-benefits-of-cycling-in-urban-environments-compared-with-car-use-health-impact-assessment-study
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Publisher's version
OA_Rojas-Rueda_2011_The_health_risks_and_benefits_of.pdf | |
License: CC BY-NC 2.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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