Prevalence and correlates of clinically significant body-focused repetitive behaviors in a non-clinical sample

Journal article


Solley, Katelyn and Turner, Cynthia. (2018). Prevalence and correlates of clinically significant body-focused repetitive behaviors in a non-clinical sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 86, pp. 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.06.014
AuthorsSolley, Katelyn and Turner, Cynthia
Abstract

Background
Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) are repetitive, ritualized behaviors focused on the body, involving compulsively damaging one's physical appearance or causing physical injury. They include skin picking, hair pulling, nail biting, and lip or cheek biting and chewing. This study sought to examine prevalence, clinical correlates and quality of life (QoL) impairment associated with these conditions in a non-clinical sample of adults.

Method
An online survey was completed by N = 1378 participants. Comparisons were made between those self-reporting body-focused repetitive behavior to those without, on a range of clinical correlates (depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, body dysmorphic symptoms, fear of negative evaluation) and QoL domains.

Results
Three-hundred and eighteen participants (23%) reported the presence of a probable BFRB; n = 85 (6%) nail biting, n = 88 (6%) lip or cheek biting/chewing, n = 187 (14%) skin picking, and n = 39 (2%) hair pulling. There were significant differences between those with and without a probable BFRB (pBFRB) across all clinical variables investigated, with the pBFRB group reporting higher levels of symptoms. The BFRB group reported reduced QoL on some domains. Few differences emerged between the BFRB groups, although individuals with probable skin picking reported higher levels of body image concern, than those with other pBFRB conditions, and there was a trend toward probable skin picking to endorse higher levels of OCD symptoms and anxiety. There were no significant differences between the BFRB groups on QoL domains.

Conclusion
Although differences were found between those with a pBFRB and those without, there were few differences between the different pBFRB groups, indicating that all BFRB conditions are concerning. Skin picking may be one of the more severe of the BFRB presentations, although the small number of differences between the groups may reflect a single pathological grooming factor underlying the BFRBs. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing that all body-focused behaviors can cause significant distress, impairment, and reduced QoL, and highlights the need for timely and accurate identification of these conditions by health professionals.

Year2018
JournalComprehensive Psychiatry
Journal citation86, pp. 9-18
PublisherElsevier Inc.
ISSN0010-440X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.06.014
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85050083454
Open accessPublished as green open access
Page range9-18
Author's accepted manuscript
License
File Access Level
Open
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online17 Jul 2018
Publication process dates
Accepted20 Jun 2018
Deposited12 May 2021
Permalink -

https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8w074/prevalence-and-correlates-of-clinically-significant-body-focused-repetitive-behaviors-in-a-non-clinical-sample

Download files


Author's accepted manuscript
AM_Solley_2018_Prevalence_and_correlates_of_clinically_significant.pdf
License: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
File access level: Open

Restricted files

Publisher's version

  • 75
    total views
  • 180
    total downloads
  • 2
    views this month
  • 3
    downloads this month
These values are for the period from 19th October 2020, when this repository was created.

Export as

Related outputs

Moderators and predictors of outcomes in telephone delivered compared to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy for paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder : Preliminary evidence from a non-inferiority RCT
Nair, A., Turner, C., Heyman, I., Mataix-Cols, D., Lovell, K., Krebs, G., Lang, K., Byford, S. and O’Kearney, R.. (2019). Moderators and predictors of outcomes in telephone delivered compared to face-to-face cognitive behaviour therapy for paediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder : Preliminary evidence from a non-inferiority RCT. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. 48(5), pp. 353-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2018.1513555
Body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and quality of life : The role of clinical and demographic variables
Schneider, Sophie C., Turner, Cynthia M., Storch, Eric A. and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2019). Body dysmorphic disorder symptoms and quality of life : The role of clinical and demographic variables. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. 21, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.11.002
Sex differences in the presentation of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of adolescents
Schneider, Sophie C., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2019). Sex differences in the presentation of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 48(3), pp. 516 - 528. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1321001
Moderators and predictors of response to cognitive behaviour therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder : A systematic review
Turner, Cynthia, O'Gorman, Beth, Nair, Archana and O'Kearney, Richard. (2018). Moderators and predictors of response to cognitive behaviour therapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder : A systematic review. Psychiatry Research. 261, pp. 50-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.034
Measurement invariance of a body dysmorphic disorder symptom questionnaire across sex: The Body Image Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent Version
Schneider, Sophie C., Baillie, Andrew J., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia M. and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2018). Measurement invariance of a body dysmorphic disorder symptom questionnaire across sex: The Body Image Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent Version. Assessment. 25(8), pp. 1026 - 1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116679504
The classification of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in male and female adolescents
Schneider, Sophie C., Baillie, Andrew J., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2018). The classification of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in male and female adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders. 225, pp. 429 - 437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.062
Prevalence and correlates of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of adolescents
Schneider, Sophie C., Turner, Cynthia M., Mond, Jonathan and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of adolescents. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 51(6), pp. 595 - 603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867416665483
Subthreshold body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents : Prevalence and impact
Schneider, Sophie C., Mond, Jonathan, Turner, Cynthia M. and Hudson, Jennifer L.. (2017). Subthreshold body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents : Prevalence and impact. Psychiatry Research. 251, pp. 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.085
When adolescents feel ugly: Cognitive behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder in youth
Turner, Cynthia and Cadman, Jacinda. (2017). When adolescents feel ugly: Cognitive behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder in youth. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. 31(4), pp. 242 - 254. https://doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.31.4.242
Phenomographic elaboration: Arts-based inquiry as a complement to data collection and analysis
Turner, Michelle and Noble, Karen. (2015). Phenomographic elaboration: Arts-based inquiry as a complement to data collection and analysis. Australian Association for Reseach in Educaiton (AARE) Conference 2015. Australia: Australian Association for Reseach in Education (AARE). pp. 1 - 12
How resistant is 'treatment-resistant' obsessive-compulsive disorder in youth?
Krebs, Georgina, Isomura, Kayoko, Lang, Katie, Jassi, Amita, Heyman, Isobel, Diamond, Holly, Advani, Jana, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Mataix-Cols, David. (2015). How resistant is 'treatment-resistant' obsessive-compulsive disorder in youth? British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 54(1), pp. 63 - 75. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12061
Effects of homework compliance on cognitive-behavioral therapy with D-Cycloserine augmentation for children with obsessive compulsive disorder
Olatunji, Bunmi O., Rosenfield, David, Monzani, Benedetta, Krebs, Georgina, Heyman, Isobel, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Isomura, Kayoko and Mataix-Cols, David. (2015). Effects of homework compliance on cognitive-behavioral therapy with D-Cycloserine augmentation for children with obsessive compulsive disorder. Depression and Anxiety. 32, pp. 935 - 943. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22423
Transformation obsessions in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical characteristics and treatment response to cognitive behaviour therapy
Monzani, Benedetta, Jassi, A., Heyman, Isobel, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Volz, C. and Krebs, Georgina. (2015). Transformation obsessions in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical characteristics and treatment response to cognitive behaviour therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 48, pp. 75 - 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.02.004
A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder
Mataix-Cols, David, de la Cruz, Lorena Fernández, Isomura, Kayoko, Anson, Martin, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Monzani, Benedetta, Cadman, Jacinda, Bowyer, Laura, Heyman, Isobel, Veale, David and Krebs, Georgina. (2015). A pilot randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 54(11), pp. 895 - 904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.08.011
Body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents
Turner, Cynthia and O'Gorman, Beth. (2015). Body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents. Australian Clinical Psychologist. 1(1), pp. 70 - 73.
Cognitive-behavioural therapy with post-session D-cycloserine augmentation for paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Pilot randomised controlled trial
Mataix-Cols, David, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Monzani, Benedetta, Isomura, Kayoko, Murphy, Caroline, Krebs, Georgina and Heyman, Isobel. (2014). Cognitive-behavioural therapy with post-session D-cycloserine augmentation for paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: Pilot randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 204(1), pp. 77 - 78. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.126284
Telephone cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Mataix-Cols, David, Lovell, Karina, Krebs, Georgina, Lang, Katie, Byford, Sarah and Heyman, Isobel. (2014). Telephone cognitive-behavioral therapy for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 53(12), pp. 1298 - 1307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.09.012
The feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive-behavioural self-help intervention for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Robinson, Sarah, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Heyman, Isobel and Farquharson, Lorna. (2013). The feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive-behavioural self-help intervention for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 41(1), pp. 117 - 122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465812000562
Temper outbursts in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder and their association with depressed mood and treatment outcome
Krebs, Georgina, Bolhuis, Koen, Heyman, Isobel, Mataix-Cols, David, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Stringaris, Argyris. (2013). Temper outbursts in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder and their association with depressed mood and treatment outcome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 54(3), pp. 313 - 322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02605.x
Are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder temporally stable in children/adolescents? A prospective naturalistic study
de la Cruz, Lorena Fernández, Micali, Nadia, Roberts, Samuel, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Nakatani, Eriko, Heyman, Isobel and Mataix-Cols, David. (2013). Are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder temporally stable in children/adolescents? A prospective naturalistic study. Psychiatry Research. 209(2), pp. 196 - 201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.11.033
Parent experiences of attending a specialist clinic for assessment of their child's obsessive compulsive disorder
Hilton, Kristina, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Krebs, Georgina, Volz, Chloe and Heyman, Isobel. (2012). Parent experiences of attending a specialist clinic for assessment of their child's obsessive compulsive disorder. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 17(1), pp. 31 - 36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2011.00607.x
Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder: A case series
Krebs, Georgina, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Heyman, Isobel and Mataix-Cols, David. (2012). Cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder: A case series. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 40(4), pp. 452 - 461. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465812000100
Is childhood OCD a risk factor for eating disorders in later life? A longitudinal study
Micali, Nadia, Hilton, Kristina, Natatani, Eriko, Heyman, Isobel, Turner, Cynthia Michelle and Mataix-Cols, David. (2011). Is childhood OCD a risk factor for eating disorders in later life? A longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine. 41(12), pp. 2507 - 2513. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171100078X
Children with early onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical features and treatment outcome
Nakatani, Eriko, Krebs, Georgina, Micali, Nadia, Turner, Cynthia Michelle, Heyman, Isobel and Mataix-Cols, David. (2011). Children with early onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: Clinical features and treatment outcome. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 52(12), pp. 1261 - 1268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02434.x