Predictors of social functioning in patients with higher and lower levels of reduced emotional experience : Social cognition, social competence, and symptom severity

Journal article

Harvey, Philip D., Deckler, Elizabeth, Jarskog, Fredrik, Penn, David L. and Pinkham, Amy E.. (2019). Predictors of social functioning in patients with higher and lower levels of reduced emotional experience : Social cognition, social competence, and symptom severity. Schizophrenia Research. 206, pp. 271-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.005
AuthorsHarvey, Philip D., Deckler, Elizabeth, Jarskog, Fredrik, Penn, David L. and Pinkham, Amy E.
Abstract

Background
Deficits in social functioning in schizophrenia are primarily predicted by negative symptoms, social cognition deficits, and social skills deficits. Here we examine those predictive variables across variations in the severity of reduced emotional experience. We hypothesized that in patients with high symptom severity, factors such as social cognition would have reduced importance for predicting social outcomes.

Methods
Participants with schizophrenia (n = 312) were tested using five different measures of social cognition. Performance-based assessments and clinical ratings of reduced emotion experience were used to assess social competence. High contact informants rated interpersonal functioning and social acceptability of behavior, while unaware of other patient data. Patients were divided into higher and lower reduced emotional experience using previously validated criteria.

Results
33% of the patients had at least moderate symptoms of reduced emotional experience. Patients with greater severity had more social functioning impairment, but not poorer social competence and social cognition. In the patients with lower severity, social cognition accounted for 9% of the variance in interpersonal functioning, while in patients with higher severity, social cognition did not predict any variance. In the patients with lower severity, social cognition accounted for 4% of the variance in social acceptability of behavior, while in patients with higher severity, social cognition also did not predict any variance.

Implications
The influence of social cognition on social outcomes appears greater in patients with less severe symptoms of reduced emotional experience. As there are treatments for both these symptoms and social cognition with demonstrated efficacy, these data suggest differential application of these interventions based on symptom severity.

Year2019
JournalSchizophrenia Research
Journal citation206, pp. 271-276
PublisherElsevier Inc.
ISSN0920-9964
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.005
PubMed ID30446271
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85056318759
PubMed Central IDPMC6513726
Open accessPublished as green open access
Page range271-276
FunderNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), United States of America
Author's accepted manuscript
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All rights reserved
File Access Level
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Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online13 Nov 2018
Publication process dates
Accepted04 Nov 2018
Deposited17 May 2021
Grant ID93432
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Self-reported comfort treating severe mental illnesses among pre-doctoral graduate students in clinical psychology
Buck, Benjamin, Harper Romeo, Katy, Olbert, C and Penn, David. (2014). Self-reported comfort treating severe mental illnesses among pre-doctoral graduate students in clinical psychology. Journal of Mental Health. 23(6), pp. 297 - 302. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2014.924048
Metacognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Barbato, M, Penn, David, Perkins, D, Woods, Scott, Liu, Li and Addington, Jean. (2014). Metacognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 42(5), pp. 526 - 534. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465813000167
An investigation of the relationship between therapist characteristics and alliance in group therapy for individuals with treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations
Harper Romeo, Katy, Meyer, P, Johnson, David and Penn, David. (2014). An investigation of the relationship between therapist characteristics and alliance in group therapy for individuals with treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations. Journal of Mental Health. 23(4), pp. 166 - 170. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2013.869568
Theory of mind and social judgments in people at clinical high risk of psychosis
Healey, Kristin M, Penn, David, Perkins, Diana, Woods, Sue and Addington, Jean. (2013). Theory of mind and social judgments in people at clinical high risk of psychosis. Schizophrenia Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.08.038
Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia
Mueser, Kim T., Deavers, F., Penn, David and Cassisi, J E.. (2013). Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 9(1), pp. 465 - 497. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185620
Context influences social cognitive judgments in paranoid individuals with schizophrenia
Pinkham, Amy E., Hopfinger, J. B. and Penn, David. (2012). Context influences social cognitive judgments in paranoid individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 135(43891), pp. 196 - 197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.11.024
Attention shaping as a means to improve emotion perception deficits in outpatients with schizophrenia and impaired controls
Combs, D, Chapman, Dustin, Waguspack, J, Basso, M and Penn, David. (2011). Attention shaping as a means to improve emotion perception deficits in outpatients with schizophrenia and impaired controls. Schizophrenia Research. 127(2016-03-01), pp. 151 - 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.05.011
Intranasal oxytocin reduces psychotic symptoms and improves Theory of Mind and social perception in schizophrenia
Pedersen, Cort, Gibson, Clare, Rau, Shane, Salimi, Kayvon, Smedley, Kelly, Casey, Robin, Leserman, Jane, Jarskog, Lars and Penn, David. (2011). Intranasal oxytocin reduces psychotic symptoms and improves Theory of Mind and social perception in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 132(1), pp. 50 - 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2011.07.027
The relationship between neurocognition and social cognition with functional outcomes in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis
Fett, A. K., Viechtbauer, W., Dominguez, M-D, Penn, David, van Os, J and Krabbendam, L. (2011). The relationship between neurocognition and social cognition with functional outcomes in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 35(3), pp. 573 - 588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.07.001
An examination of social cognition, neurocognition, and symptoms as predictors of social functioning in schizophrenia
Combs, D. R., Waguspack, J., Chapman, Dustin, Basso, M R. and Penn, David. (2011). An examination of social cognition, neurocognition, and symptoms as predictors of social functioning in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 128(43891), pp. 177 - 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.019
Antipsychotic medication and social cue recognition in chronic schizophrenia
Roberts, D. L., Penn, David, Corrigan, P., Lipkovich, I., Kinon, B and Black, R A.. (2010). Antipsychotic medication and social cue recognition in chronic schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research. 178(1), pp. 46 - 50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.04.006
The virtual doppelganger: Effects of a virtual reality simulator on perceptions of schizophrenia
Kalyanaraman, S., Penn, David, Ivory, J. D. and Judge, A. (2010). The virtual doppelganger: Effects of a virtual reality simulator on perceptions of schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 198(6), pp. 437 - 443. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e07d66
Social cognition: The key factor predicting social outcome in people with Schizophrenia?
Harvey, P. D. and Penn, David. (2010). Social cognition: The key factor predicting social outcome in people with Schizophrenia? Psychiatry (Print). 7(2), pp. 41 - 44.
Comparison of social cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and high functioning autism: More convergence than divergence
Couture, S. M., Penn, David, Losh, M., Adolphs, R, Hurley, R and Piven, J. (2010). Comparison of social cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and high functioning autism: More convergence than divergence. Psychological Medicine. 40(4), pp. 569 - 579. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329170999078X
Treatment approaches with a special focus on social cognition : Overview and empirical results
Wolwer, W, Combs, D, Frommann, N and Penn, David. (2010). Treatment approaches with a special focus on social cognition : Overview and empirical results. Key Issues in Mental Health. 177, pp. 61 - 78. https://doi.org/10.1159/000284379
Psychological well-being among individuals with first-episode psychosis
Uzenoff, S. R., Brewer, K. C., Perkins, D. O., Johnson, D P., Mueser, Kim T. and Penn, David. (2010). Psychological well-being among individuals with first-episode psychosis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry: the development, onset and treatment of emerging mental disorders. 4(2), pp. 174 - 181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2010.00178.x
Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology
Garland, E. L., Fredrickson, B. L., Kring, A. M., Johnson, D P., Meyer, P and Penn, David. (2010). Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review. 30(7), pp. 849 - 864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.002
Social skill and social cognition in adolescents at genetic risk for psychosis
Gibson, Clare, Penn, David, Prinstein, M, Perkins, D and Belger, A. (2010). Social skill and social cognition in adolescents at genetic risk for psychosis. Schizophrenia Research. 122(1-3), pp. 179 - 184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2010.04.018
Transportability and feasibility of Social Cognition and interaction Training (SCiT) in community settings
Roberts, D. L., Penn, David, Labate, D., Margolis, S A. and Sterne, A. (2010). Transportability and feasibility of Social Cognition and interaction Training (SCiT) in community settings. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 38(1), pp. 35 - 47. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809990464
Neuropsychological profile of autism and the broad autism phenotype
Losh, M., Adolphs, R., Poe, M. D., Couture, S M., Penn, David, Baranek, G T. and Piven, J. (2009). Neuropsychological profile of autism and the broad autism phenotype. Archives of General Psychiatry. 66(5), pp. 518 - 526. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.34
Loving-kindness meditation to enhance recovery from negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Johnson, D. P., Penn, David, Fredrickson, B. L., Meyer, P, Kring, A M. and Brantley, M. (2009). Loving-kindness meditation to enhance recovery from negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 65(5), pp. 499 - 509. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20591
Social cognition and interaction training (SCiT) for outpatients with schizophrenia: A preliminary study
Roberts, D. L. and Penn, David. (2009). Social cognition and interaction training (SCiT) for outpatients with schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Research. 166(43892), pp. 141 - 147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2008.02.007
Perceptions of hostility by persons with and without persecutory delusions
Combs, D. R., Penn, David, Michael, C. O., Basso, M R., Wiedeman, R, Siebenmorgan, M and Tiegreen, J A.. (2009). Perceptions of hostility by persons with and without persecutory delusions. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry. 14(1), pp. 30 - 52. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546800902732970
Stability and generalization of Social Cognition and interaction Training (SCiT) for schizophrenia: Six-month follow-up results
Combs, D. R., Penn, David, Tiegreen, J. A., Nelson, Andre, Ledet, S N., Basso, M R. and Elerson, K. (2009). Stability and generalization of Social Cognition and interaction Training (SCiT) for schizophrenia: Six-month follow-up results. Schizophrenia Research. 112(43891), pp. 196 - 197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.04.010
The effects of task engagement and interpersonal rapport on WCST performance in schizophrenia
Roberts, D. L. and Penn, David. (2009). The effects of task engagement and interpersonal rapport on WCST performance in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation. 12(1), pp. 57 - 72. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487760802615798
The effects of antipsychotic medications on emotion perception in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the CATiE trial
Penn, David, Keefe, R. S., Davis, Stephen, Meyer, P, Perkins, D O., Losardo, D and Lieberman, J A.. (2009). The effects of antipsychotic medications on emotion perception in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the CATiE trial. Schizophrenia Research. 115(1), pp. 17 - 23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2009.08.016
An investigation of the relationship between activation of a social cognitive neural network and social functioning
Pinkham, Amy E., Hopfinger, J. B., Ruparel, K and Penn, David. (2008). An investigation of the relationship between activation of a social cognitive neural network and social functioning. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 34(4), pp. 688 - 697. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn031
Social cognition training for individuals with schizophrenia: Emerging evidence
Horan, William P., Kern, R. S., Green, M. F. and Penn, David. (2008). Social cognition training for individuals with schizophrenia: Emerging evidence. American Journal of Psychiatric Rehabilitation. 11(3), pp. 205 - 252. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487760801963652
A Preliminary trial of adherence-coping-education (ACE) therapy for early psychosis
Uzenoff, S. R., Perkins, D. O., Hamer, R. M., Wiesen, C A. and Penn, David. (2008). A Preliminary trial of adherence-coping-education (ACE) therapy for early psychosis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 196(7), pp. 572 - 575. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e31817d01a5
Social cognition in schizophrenia: An overview
Penn, David, Sanna, L. J. and Roberts, D. L.. (2008). Social cognition in schizophrenia: An overview. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 34(3), pp. 408 - 411. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbn014
The graduated recovery intervention program for first episode psychosis: Treatment development and preliminary data
Waldheter, E., Penn, David, Perkins, D. O., Mueser, Kim T., Owens, L W. and Cook, E. (2008). The graduated recovery intervention program for first episode psychosis: Treatment development and preliminary data. Community Mental Health Journal. 44(6), pp. 443 - 455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-008-9147-6
Social functioning in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Addington, Jean, Penn, David, Woods, Scott W., Addington, D and Perkins, D O.. (2008). Social functioning in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. Schizophrenia Research. 99(43891), pp. 119 - 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.10.001
Adherence-coping-education therapy for early psychosis
Penn, David and Uzenoff, S. R.. (2008). Adherence-coping-education therapy for early psychosis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 196(10), p. 780. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e318187bfff
Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Penn, David, Addington, Jean, Woods, Scott W., Addington, D and Perkins, D O.. (2008). Facial affect recognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry. 192(1), pp. 67 - 68. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039784
Neural bases for impaired social cognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders
Pinkham, Amy E., Hopfinger, J. B., Pelphrey, K. A., Piven, J and Penn, David. (2008). Neural bases for impaired social cognition in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Schizophrenia Research. 99(43891), pp. 164 - 175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.10.024
Brief report: Feasibility of social cognition and interaction training for adults with high functioning autism
Turner-Brown, L. M., Perry, T. D., Dichter, G. S., Bodfish, J W. and Penn, David. (2008). Brief report: Feasibility of social cognition and interaction training for adults with high functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 38(9), pp. 1777 - 1784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0545-y
Predictors of the therapeutc alliance in group therapy for individuals with treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations
Johnson, D. P., Penn, David, Bauer, D. J. and Meyer, P. (2008). Predictors of the therapeutc alliance in group therapy for individuals with treatment-resistant auditory hallucinations. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 47(2), pp. 171 - 183. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466507X241604
Assessment of social judgments and complex mental states in the early phases of psychosis
Couture, S. M., Penn, David, Addington, Jean, Woods, Scott W. and Perkins, D O.. (2008). Assessment of social judgments and complex mental states in the early phases of psychosis. Schizophrenia Research. 100(43891), pp. 237 - 241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.484
Social cognition in schizophrenia: An NiMH workshop on definitions, assessment, and research opportunities
Green, M. F., Penn, David, Bentall, R., Carpenter, W T., Gaebel, W, Gur, R C., Kring, A M., Park, Sung-Yun, Silverstein, S M. and Heinssen, Robert. (2008). Social cognition in schizophrenia: An NiMH workshop on definitions, assessment, and research opportunities. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 34(6), pp. 1211 - 1220. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbm145
Attentional-shaping as a means to improve emotion perception deficits in schizophrenia
Combs, D. R., Tosheva, A., Penn, David, Basso, M R., Wanner, J L. and Laib, K. (2008). Attentional-shaping as a means to improve emotion perception deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. 105(43891), pp. 68 - 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2008.05.018
Recognizing and responding to early psychosis: A qualitative analysis of individual narratives
Judge, A., Estroff, Sue E., Perkins, D. O. and Penn, David. (2008). Recognizing and responding to early psychosis: A qualitative analysis of individual narratives. Psychiatric Services. 59(1), pp. 96 - 99. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.59.1.96