Are park availability and satisfaction with neighbourhood parks associated with physical activity and time spent outdoors?

Journal article

Veitch, Jenny, Rodwell, Laura, Abbott, Gavin, Carver, Alison, Flowers, Elliott and Crawford, David. (2021). Are park availability and satisfaction with neighbourhood parks associated with physical activity and time spent outdoors? BMC Public Health. 21, p. 306. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10339-1
AuthorsVeitch, Jenny, Rodwell, Laura, Abbott, Gavin, Carver, Alison, Flowers, Elliott and Crawford, David
Abstract

Background
There is substantial scope for enhancing population health through increased park visits and active use of parks; however, a better understanding of factors that influence park visitation is needed. This cross-sectional study examined how parent-reported satisfaction and perceived availability of parks were associated with adults’ physical activity and children’s physical activity and time spent outdoors, and whether these associations were mediated by park visitation.

Methods
Self-reported surveys were completed by adults living within 5 km of two parks located in Melbourne, Australia. Participants reported their satisfaction with neighbourhood park quality, walking duration from home to the nearest park, and park visitation in the past 7 days. Participants with a child aged 2–15 years also answered similar questions in relation to their child. The primary outcome variable for adults was leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and for children was proxy-reported time spent outside. The secondary outcome for adults was combined transportation and LTPA and for children (5–15 years) was the number of days physical activity recommendations were met in the past 7 days.

Results
Significant positive associations between park availability and park visitation in the past 7 days, and between park visitation and the outcome variables were observed among both adults (n = 1085, Mage = 48.9, SD 13.4) and children (n = 753, Mage = 8.8, SD = 3.7). The association between park satisfaction and park visitation was only significant among adults. Park visitation mediated associations between park availability and park satisfaction and the outcome variables among both adults and children.

Conclusions
Improving park availability and users’ satisfaction with parks may increase visitation and consequently increase physical activity and time spent outdoors.

Keywordschildren; adults; neighbourhood; built environment
Year2021
JournalBMC Public Health
Journal citation21, p. 306
PublisherBiomed Central Ltd
ISSN1471-2458
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10339-1
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85100632059
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range1-10
FunderAustralian Research Council (ARC)
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online06 Feb 2021
Publication process dates
Accepted26 Jan 2021
Deposited23 Jun 2021
Grant IDARC/LP120200396
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Timperio, Anna, Veitch, Jenny and Carver, Alison. (2015). Safety in numbers: Does perceived safety mediate associations between the neighborhood social environment and physical activity among women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods? Preventive Medicine. 74, pp. 49 - 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.02.012
How active are people in metropolitan parks? An observational study of park visitation in Australia
Veitch, Jenny, Carver, Alison, Abbott, Gavin, Giles-Corti, Billie, Timperio, Anna and Salmon, Jo. (2015). How active are people in metropolitan parks? An observational study of park visitation in Australia. BMC Public Health. 15(610), pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1960-6
Bicycles gathering dust rather than raising dust - Prevalence and predictors of cycling among Australian schoolchildren
Carver, Alison, Timperio, Anna F. and Crawford, David A.. (2015). Bicycles gathering dust rather than raising dust - Prevalence and predictors of cycling among Australian schoolchildren. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 18(5), pp. 540 - 544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.004
Exploring associations between parental and peer variables, personal variables and physical activity among adolescents: A mediation analysis
Verloigne, Maïté, Veitch, Jenny, Carver, Alison, Salmon, Jo, Cardon, Greet, De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse and Timperio, Anna. (2014). Exploring associations between parental and peer variables, personal variables and physical activity among adolescents: A mediation analysis. BMC Public Health. 14(966), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-966
Are independent mobility and territorial range associated with park visitation among youth?
Veitch, Jenny, Carver, Alison, Hume, Clare, Crawford, David, Timperio, Anna, Ball, Kylie and Salmon, Jo. (2014). Are independent mobility and territorial range associated with park visitation among youth? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 11(1), pp. 1 - 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-11-73
Independent mobility on the journey to school: A joint cross-sectional and prospective exploration of social and physical environmental influences
Carver, Alison, Panter, Jenna R., Jones, Andrew P. and Van Sluijs, Esther. (2014). Independent mobility on the journey to school: A joint cross-sectional and prospective exploration of social and physical environmental influences. Journal of Transport and Health. 1(1), pp. 25 - 32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2013.12.003
Exploring associations between parental and peer variables, personal variables and physical activity among adolescents: A mediation analysis
Verloigne, Maïté, Veitch, Jenny, Carver, Alison, Salmon, Jo, Cardon, Greet, De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse and Timperio, Anna. (2014). Exploring associations between parental and peer variables, personal variables and physical activity among adolescents: A mediation analysis. BMC Public Health. 14(1), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-966
Active transport, independent mobility and territorial range among children residing in disadvantaged areas
Carver, Alison, Veitch, Jenny, Sahlqvist, Shannon, Crawford, David and Hume, Clare. (2014). Active transport, independent mobility and territorial range among children residing in disadvantaged areas. Journal of Transport and Health. 1(4), pp. 267 - 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2014.01.004
A natural experiment to examine the impact of park renewal on park-use and park-based physical activity in a disadvantaged neighbourhood: The REVAMP study methods
Veitch, Jenny, Salmon, Jo, Carver, Alison, Timperio, Anna, Crawford, David, Fletcher, Elly and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2014). A natural experiment to examine the impact of park renewal on park-use and park-based physical activity in a disadvantaged neighbourhood: The REVAMP study methods. BMC Public Health. 14(600), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-600
Effective recruitment and retention strategies in community health programs
McCann, Jennifer, Ridgers, Nicola D., Carver, Alison, Thornton, Lukar E. and Teychenne, Megan. (2013). Effective recruitment and retention strategies in community health programs. Health Promotion Journal of Australia. 24(2), pp. 104 - 110. https://doi.org/10.1071/HE13042
Parental chauffeurs: What drives their transport choice?
Carver, Alison, Timperio, Anna and Crawford, David. (2013). Parental chauffeurs: What drives their transport choice? Journal of Transport Geography. 26, pp. 72 - 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2012.08.017
A comparison study of children's independent mobility in England and Australia
Carver, Alison, Watson, Ben, Shaw, Ben and Hillman, Mayer. (2013). A comparison study of children's independent mobility in England and Australia. Children's Geographies. 11(4), pp. 461 - 475. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2013.812303
Maternal Misconceptions of Weight Status among Nepean Adolescents
Shrewsbury, Vanessa A., Garnett, S. P., Campbell, Karen, Carver, Alison, Torvaldsen, Siranda, Steinbeck, Katharine S., Cowell, Chris T. and Baur, Louise A.. (2012). Maternal Misconceptions of Weight Status among Nepean Adolescents. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 112(12), pp. 2007 - 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2012.08.024
How does perceived risk mediate associations between perceived safety and parental restriction of adolescents' physical activity in their neighborhood?
Carver, Alison, Timperio, Anna, Hesketh, Kylie and Crawford, David. (2012). How does perceived risk mediate associations between perceived safety and parental restriction of adolescents' physical activity in their neighborhood? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 9(1), pp. 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-57
Young and free? A study of independent mobility among urban and rural dwelling Australian children
Carver, Alison, Timperio, Anna F. and Crawford, David A.. (2012). Young and free? A study of independent mobility among urban and rural dwelling Australian children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 15(6), pp. 505 - 510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.03.005
How is active transport associated with children's and adolescents' physical activity over time?
Carver, Alison, Timperio, Anna F., Hesketh, Kylie D., Ridgers, Nicola D., Salmon, Jo L. and Crawford, David A.. (2011). How is active transport associated with children's and adolescents' physical activity over time? International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 8(126), p. 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-126