A systematic literature review exploring objectification and motherhood

Journal article


Beech, Olivia Donati, Kaufmann, Leah and Anderson, Joel. (2020). A systematic literature review exploring objectification and motherhood. Psychology of Women Quarterly. 44(4), pp. 521-538. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684320949810
AuthorsBeech, Olivia Donati, Kaufmann, Leah and Anderson, Joel
Abstract

Objectification theory provides a theoretical framework for understanding how socialization and experiences of objectification can lead women to place excessive value on their appearance—a process known as self-objectification. Despite the number of women that are mothers, the application of objectification theory to motherhood has been relatively limited. This review synthesizes the available research exploring objectification during motherhood. We conducted a systematic search for published and unpublished articles that quantitatively examined the objectification of, or self-objectification during, motherhood across five databases in March 2019. The search yielded 23 studies across 20 articles, which in combination revealed strong evidence of societal objectification of mothers and self-objectification by mothers. Effects were found for pregnant and postpartum women, in both community and university samples of mothers. Outcomes included more body shame, concerns about the negative impact of breastfeeding, barriers to breastfeeding, fear of childbirth, disordered eating, and greater appearance concerns in mothers, and sexualized behaviors and body surveillance for their children. Some evidence indicated that self-objectifying may be protective for mothers in certain situations, but it was mostly associated with harmful consequences. Finally, some evidence suggested that there may be age and generational effects of objectification, which may impact all women, including mothers. We hope these findings highlight the benefits for women to engage in healthy relationships with their bodies and to consider the functionality of their body as it changes in preparation for entering motherhood.

Keywordsobjectification; sexual objectification; self-objectification; motherhood; postpartum
Year2020
JournalPsychology of Women Quarterly
Journal citation44 (4), pp. 521-538
PublisherSAGE Publications Inc.
ISSN0361-6843
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684320949810
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85089991256
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range521-538
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All rights reserved
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Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online27 Aug 2020
Publication process dates
Deposited01 Jul 2021
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Kaufmann, Leah M., Williams, Ben, Hosking, Warwick, Anderson, Joel R. and Pedder, David J.. (2015). Identifying as in, out, or sexually inexperienced: Perception of sex-related personal disclosures. Sensoria: A Journal of Mind Brain and Culture. 11(1), pp. 28 - 40.
Disparity between implicit work-relevant associations and real-world cognitions
Kaufmann, Leah M.. (2015). Disparity between implicit work-relevant associations and real-world cognitions. Sensoria: A Journal of Mind Brain and Culture. 11(1), pp. 58 - 69.
The legacy of medicalising 'homosexuality': A discussion on the historical effects of non-heterosexual diagnostic classifications
Anderson, Joel and Holland, Elise. (2015). The legacy of medicalising 'homosexuality': A discussion on the historical effects of non-heterosexual diagnostic classifications. Sensoria: A Journal of Mind Brain and Culture. 11(1), pp. 4 - 15.
Sensoria special edition on sexual orientation and gender: Editorial
Anderson, Joel and Holland, Elise. (2015). Sensoria special edition on sexual orientation and gender: Editorial. Sensoria: A Journal of Mind Brain and Culture. 11(1), pp. 1 - 3.
Framing (implicitly) matters : The role of religion in attitudes toward immigrants and Muslims in Denmark
Anderson, Joel and Antalikova, Radka. (2014). Framing (implicitly) matters : The role of religion in attitudes toward immigrants and Muslims in Denmark. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 55(6), pp. 593 - 600. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12161
Adding weight to judgments: The role of stimulus focality on weight-related embodied cognition
Kaufmann, Leah M. and Allen, Sarah. (2014). Adding weight to judgments: The role of stimulus focality on weight-related embodied cognition. Sensoria: A Journal of Mind Brain and Culture. 10(1), pp. 41 - 48.
Mortality salience and cultural cringe: The Australian way of responding to thoughts of death
Kashima, Emiko, Beatson, Ruth, Kaufmann, Leah Mary, Branchflower, Sarah and Marques, Mathew. (2014). Mortality salience and cultural cringe: The Australian way of responding to thoughts of death. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 45(10), pp. 1534 - 1548. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022114543521
Improving retention and graduation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in initial teacher education programs
Lampert, Jo, Burnett, Bruce, Patton, Wendy A., Lee Hong, Anita and Anderson, Joel. (2013). Improving retention and graduation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students in initial teacher education programs. Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues. 16(4), pp. 27-42.
Report into the retention and graduation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students enrolled in initial teacher education
Lampert, Jo, Burnett, Bruce and Anderson, Joel. (2012). Report into the retention and graduation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students enrolled in initial teacher education Australia: University of South Australia.
Reliability of the Go/No Go Association Task
Williams, B and Kaufmann, Leah Mary. (2012). Reliability of the Go/No Go Association Task. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 48(4), pp. 879 - 891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.03.001
Teachers' use of national test data to focus numeracy instruction
White, Paul and Anderson, J.. (2011). Teachers' use of national test data to focus numeracy instruction. In J. Clark, B. Kissane and J. Mousley (Ed.). Mathematics: Traditions and [new] practices: Proceedings of the 2011 AAMT-MERGA conference. Australia: AAMT and MERGA. pp. 777 - 785
Folk theory of social change
Kashmina, Yoshihisa, Bain, Paul, Haslam, Nick, Peters, Kim, Laham, Simon, Whelan, Jennifer, Bastian, Brock, Loughnan, Stephen, Kaufmann, Leah Mary and Fernando, Julian. (2009). Folk theory of social change. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. 12(4), pp. 227 - 246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2009.01288.x
What makes an article influential? Predicting impact in social-personality psychology
Haslam, Nick, Ban, Lauren, Kaufmann, Leah Mary, Loughnan, Stephen, Peters, Kim, Whelan, Jennifer and Wilson, Sam. (2008). What makes an article influential? Predicting impact in social-personality psychology. Scientometrics. 76(1), pp. 169 - 185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-007-1892-8
Lay conceptions of mental disorder: The folk psychiatry model
Haslam, Nick, Ban, Lauren and Kaufmann, Leah Mary. (2007). Lay conceptions of mental disorder: The folk psychiatry model. Australian Psychologist. 42(2), pp. 129 - 137. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050060701280615