Factor analysis of signs of childhood apraxia of speech

Journal article


Chenausky, Karen V., Brignell, Amanda, Morgan, Angela, Gagné, Danielle, Norton, Andrea, Tager-Flusberg, Helen, Schlaug, Gottfried, Shield, Aaron and Green, Jordan R.. (2020). Factor analysis of signs of childhood apraxia of speech. Journal of Communication Disorders. 87, p. 106033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.106033
AuthorsChenausky, Karen V., Brignell, Amanda, Morgan, Angela, Gagné, Danielle, Norton, Andrea, Tager-Flusberg, Helen, Schlaug, Gottfried, Shield, Aaron and Green, Jordan R.
Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the latent factors underlying signs of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) in a group of 57 children with CAS.

Method
The speech of 57 children with CAS (aged 3;5–17;0) was coded for signs of CAS. All participants showed at least five signs of CAS and were judged to have CAS by speech pathologists experienced in pediatric speech disorders. Participants were selected to represent a range of severity of CAS: 30 children were verbal and 27 were minimally verbal with comorbid autism. Participants’ scores for each sign (the number of times that sign appeared during a child’s speech sample) were converted to z-scores, then entered as variables into an exploratory factor analysis. Models were compared using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC).

Results
The three-factor model had the lowest AIC and best fit the data. After oblique rotation, syllable segmentation, slow rate, and stress errors loaded most highly on Factor 1. Groping, addition of phonemes other than schwa, and difficulty with coarticulation loaded most highly on Factor 2. Variable errors loaded most highly on Factor 3. Thus, factors were interpreted as being associated with (1) prosody, (2) coarticulation, and (3) inconsistency.

Conclusions
Results are consistent with the three consensus criteria for CAS from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association: Inappropriate prosody, disrupted coarticulatory transitions, and inconsistent errors on repeated tokens. High loading of the syllable segmentation sign on the inappropriate prosody factor also supports the use of a pause-related biomarker for CAS.

Keywordschildhood apraxia of speech; autism spectrum disorder; minimally verbal
Year2020
JournalJournal of Communication Disorders
Journal citation87, p. 106033
PublisherElsevier Inc.
ISSN0021-9924
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.106033
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85089940401
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range1-10
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online18 Aug 2020
Publication process dates
Accepted09 Jul 2020
Deposited05 Jul 2021
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