Meal patterns and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in children : A longitudinal analysis
Journal article
Shang, Xianwen, Li, Yanping, Xu, Haiquan, Zhang, Qian, Liu, Ailing, Du, Songming and Ma, Guansheng. (2020). Meal patterns and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in children : A longitudinal analysis. Nutrients. 12(3), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030799
Authors | Shang, Xianwen, Li, Yanping, Xu, Haiquan, Zhang, Qian, Liu, Ailing, Du, Songming and Ma, Guansheng |
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Abstract | We examined whether energy and macronutrient intake from different meals was associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in children. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplying by −1), and triglycerides. We included 5517 children aged 6–13 years from six major cities in China. Five meal patterns were identified according to energy intake: balanced, breakfast dominant, lunch dominant, dinner dominant, and snack dominant patterns. These patterns were not significantly associated with changes in CMR factors. Carbohydrate intake (% energy) at lunch was positively associated with the change in CMRS (beta coefficient (95% CI): (0.777 (0.509, 1.046) in quintile 5 versus quintile 1). A positive association between carbohydrate intake at dinner and change in CMRS was observed. High protein intake at both lunch and dinner was associated with a favorable change in CMRS. Moderate fat intake at lunch was associated with a lower increase in CMRS. Meal patterns driven by energy were not significantly associated with CMR factors; however, a low carbohydrate-high protein-moderate fat lunch and low carbohydrate-high protein dinner were associated with favorable changes in CMRS in children. |
Keywords | meal pattern; energy; carbohydrate; protein; fat; cardiometabolic risk factors |
Year | 2020 |
Journal | Nutrients |
Journal citation | 12 (3), pp. 1-13 |
Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI AG) |
ISSN | 2072-6643 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030799 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85082147675 |
Open access | Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 1-13 |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 18 Mar 2020 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 16 Mar 2020 |
Deposited | 08 Jul 2021 |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8w556/meal-patterns-and-changes-in-cardiometabolic-risk-factors-in-children-a-longitudinal-analysis
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Publisher's version
OA_Shang_2020_Leading_dietary_determinants_identified_using_machine.pdf | |
License: CC BY 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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