Meal patterns and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in children : A longitudinal analysis

Journal article

Shang, Xianwen, Li, Yanping, Xu, Haiquan, Zhang, Qian, Liu, Ailing, Du, Songming and Ma, Guansheng. (2020). Meal patterns and changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in children : A longitudinal analysis. Nutrients. 12(3), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030799
AuthorsShang, Xianwen, Li, Yanping, Xu, Haiquan, Zhang, Qian, Liu, Ailing, Du, Songming and Ma, Guansheng
Abstract

We examined whether energy and macronutrient intake from different meals was associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors in children. CMR score (CMRS) was computed by summing Z-scores of waist circumference, the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (multiplying by −1), and triglycerides. We included 5517 children aged 6–13 years from six major cities in China. Five meal patterns were identified according to energy intake: balanced, breakfast dominant, lunch dominant, dinner dominant, and snack dominant patterns. These patterns were not significantly associated with changes in CMR factors. Carbohydrate intake (% energy) at lunch was positively associated with the change in CMRS (beta coefficient (95% CI): (0.777 (0.509, 1.046) in quintile 5 versus quintile 1). A positive association between carbohydrate intake at dinner and change in CMRS was observed. High protein intake at both lunch and dinner was associated with a favorable change in CMRS. Moderate fat intake at lunch was associated with a lower increase in CMRS. Meal patterns driven by energy were not significantly associated with CMR factors; however, a low carbohydrate-high protein-moderate fat lunch and low carbohydrate-high protein dinner were associated with favorable changes in CMRS in children.

Keywordsmeal pattern; energy; carbohydrate; protein; fat; cardiometabolic risk factors
Year2020
JournalNutrients
Journal citation12 (3), pp. 1-13
PublisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI AG)
ISSN2072-6643
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030799
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85082147675
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range1-13
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online18 Mar 2020
Publication process dates
Accepted16 Mar 2020
Deposited08 Jul 2021
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