Napping and cognitive performance during night shifts : A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal article

Dutheil, Frédéric, Bessonnat, Brice, Pereira, Bruno, Baker, Julien S., Moustafa, Fares, Fantini, Maria Livia, Mermillod, Martial and Navel, Valentin. (2020). Napping and cognitive performance during night shifts : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep. 43(12), pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa109
AuthorsDutheil, Frédéric, Bessonnat, Brice, Pereira, Bruno, Baker, Julien S., Moustafa, Fares, Fantini, Maria Livia, Mermillod, Martial and Navel, Valentin
Abstract

Study Objectives
To examine the benefits of napping during night shifts on cognitive performance.

Methods
Medline, Cochrane Library, Science direct, and Embase databases were searched up to July 1, 2019. Cognitive performance during night shifts, both before and following napping or under control conditions (no nap), in working-aged adults, were analyzed by time and by type of cognitive function (executive function, attention, instrumental function, and memory). Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis.

Results
A total of 18 articles (6 in real-work and 12 in laboratory) with a total of 494 participants were included. The mean nap duration was 41.6 ± 28.3 min, occurring between 12.00 am and 4.10 am, with a mean time set at 2.12 am. Cognitive performance did not differ at baseline between the groups (effect size 0.02, 95% CI −0.09 to 0.13). There was an overall improvement in performance following a nap compared to the control condition without a nap (0.25, 0.10 to 0.41). Positioning naps early in the night and activity (simulated work tasks) tended to improve cognitive performance (−0.57, −1.16 to 0.002, and 0.082, −0.04 to 0.33, respectively). The improvements were primarily seen 30 min after awakening. Only memory deteriorated immediately after awakening without an overall change in global cognitive performance.

Conclusion
Napping during night shifts seems to improve cognitive performance. Napping early in the night and activity may benefit cognitive performance over time. Considering lack of data in real work environments, further studies are warranted before preconizing napping during night shifts as a preventive strategy (safety, health, and economic outcomes).

Keywordsnight shift; nap; cognitive performance; prevention; sleep
Year2020
JournalSleep
Journal citation43 (12), pp. 1-15
PublisherOxford University Press
ISSN0161-8105
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa109
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85098472335
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range1-15
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online03 Jun 2020
Publication process dates
Deposited11 Aug 2021
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Dutheil, Frederic, Walther, Guillame, Chapier, Robert, Mnatzaganian, George, Lesourd, Bruno, Naughton, Geraldine, Verney, Julien, Fogli, Anne, Sapin, Vincent, Duclos, Martine, Vinet, Agnes, Obert, Philippe, Courteix, Daniel and Lac, Gerard. (2014). Atherogenic subfractions of lipoproteins in the treatment of metabolic syndrome by physical activity and diet - the RESOLVE trial. Lipids in Health and Disease. 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-13-112
Comparison of the ultra-low-dose Veo algorithm with the gold standard filtered back projection for detecting pulmonary asbestos-related conditions : A clinical observational study
Tekath, Marielle, Dutheil, Frederic, Bellini, Romain, Roche, Antoine, Pereira, Bruno, Naughton, Geraldine, Chamoux, Alain and Michel, Jean-Luc. (2014). Comparison of the ultra-low-dose Veo algorithm with the gold standard filtered back projection for detecting pulmonary asbestos-related conditions : A clinical observational study. BMJ Open. 4(5), pp. 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004980
Right ventricle free wall mechanics in metabolic syndrome without type-2 diabetes: Effects of a 3-month lifestyle intervention program
Serrano-Ferrer, Juan, Walther, Guillaume, Crendal, Edward, Vinet, Agnes, Dutheil, Frederic, Naughton, Geraldine A., Lesourd, Bruno, Chapier, Robert, Courteix, Daniel and Obert, Philippe. (2014). Right ventricle free wall mechanics in metabolic syndrome without type-2 diabetes: Effects of a 3-month lifestyle intervention program. Cardiovascular Diabetology. 13(1), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-014-0116-9
Atherogenic subfractions of lipoproteins in the treatment of metabolic syndrome by physical activity and diet : the RESOLVE trial
Dutheil, Frederic, Walther, Guillaume, Chapier, Robert, Mnatzaganian, George, Lesourd, Bruno, Naughton, Geraldine, Verney, Julien, Fogli, Anne, Sapin, Vincent and Duclose, Martine. (2014). Atherogenic subfractions of lipoproteins in the treatment of metabolic syndrome by physical activity and diet : the RESOLVE trial. Lipids in Health and Disease. 13(112), pp. 1 - 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-13-112
Myocardial deformation and twist mechanics in adults with metabolic syndrome : Impact of cumulative metabolic burden
Crendal, Edward, Walther, Guillaume, Vinet, Agnes, Dutheil, Frederic, Naughton, Geraldine, Lesourd, Bruno, Chapier, Robert, Rupp, Thomas, Courteix, Daniel and Obert, Philippe. (2013). Myocardial deformation and twist mechanics in adults with metabolic syndrome : Impact of cumulative metabolic burden. Obesity: a resourch journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20537
Urinary Interleukin-8 is a biomarker of stress in emergency physicians, especially with advancing age: The JOBSTRESS* randomized trial
Dutheil, Frederic, Trousselard, Marion, Perrier, Christophe, Lac, Gerard, Chamoux, Alain, Duclos, Martine, Naughton, Geraldine, Mnatzaganian, George and Schmidt, Jeannot. (2013). Urinary Interleukin-8 is a biomarker of stress in emergency physicians, especially with advancing age: The JOBSTRESS* randomized trial. PLoS ONE. 8(8), pp. 1 - 7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071658
Different modalities of exercise to reduce visceral fat mass and cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome : the RESOLVE* randomized trial
Dutheil, Frederic, Lac, Gerard, Lesourd, Bruno, Chapier, Robert, Walther, Guillaume, Vinet, Agnes, Sapin, Vincent, Verney, Julien, Ouchchane, Lemlih and Duclos, Martine. (2013). Different modalities of exercise to reduce visceral fat mass and cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome : the RESOLVE* randomized trial. International Journal of Cardiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.05.012
The long-term effects of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer on microcirculation : a cross-sectional study 15 years after retirement
Lopez, Vincent, Chamoux, Alain, Tempier, Marion, Thiel, Helene, Ughetto, Sylvie, Trousselard, Marion, Naughton, Geraldine and Dutheil, Frederic. (2013). The long-term effects of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride monomer on microcirculation : a cross-sectional study 15 years after retirement. BMJ Open. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002785
Treatment of Metabolic syndrome by combination of physical activity and diet needs an optimal protein intake: a randomized controlled trial
Dutheil, Frederic, Lac, Gerard, Courteix, Daniel, Dore, Eric, Chapier, Robert, Roszyk, Laurence, Sapin, Vincent and Lesourd, Bruno. (2012). Treatment of Metabolic syndrome by combination of physical activity and diet needs an optimal protein intake: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal. 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-72