Can public spaces effectively be used as cleaner indoor air shelters during extreme smoke events?
Journal article
Wheeler, Amanda J., Allen, Ryan W., Lawrence, Kerryn, Roulston, Christopher T., Powell, Jennifer, Williamson, Grant J., Jones, Penelope J., Reisen, Fabienne, Morgan, Geoffrey G. and Johnston, Fay H.. (2021). Can public spaces effectively be used as cleaner indoor air shelters during extreme smoke events? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(8), pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084085
Authors | Wheeler, Amanda J., Allen, Ryan W., Lawrence, Kerryn, Roulston, Christopher T., Powell, Jennifer, Williamson, Grant J., Jones, Penelope J., Reisen, Fabienne, Morgan, Geoffrey G. and Johnston, Fay H. |
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Abstract | During extreme air pollution events, such as bushfires, public health agencies often recommend that vulnerable individuals visit a nearby public building with central air conditioning to reduce their exposure to smoke. However, there is limited evidence that these “cleaner indoor air shelters” reduce exposure or health risks. We quantified the impact of a “cleaner indoor air shelter” in a public library in Port Macquarie, NSW, Australia when concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were elevated during a local peat fire and nearby bushfires. Specifically, we evaluated the air quality improvements with central air conditioning only and with the use of portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter air cleaners. We measured PM2.5 from August 2019 until February 2020 by deploying pairs of low-cost PM2.5 sensors (i) inside the main library, (ii) in a smaller media room inside the library, (iii) outside the library, and (iv) co-located with regulatory monitors located in the town. We operated two HEPA cleaners in the media room from August until October 2019. We quantified the infiltration efficiency of outdoor PM2.5 concentrations, defined as the fraction of the outdoor PM2.5 concentration that penetrates indoors and remains suspended, as well as the additional effect of HEPA cleaners on PM2.5 concentrations. The infiltration efficiency of outdoor PM2.5 into the air-conditioned main library was 30%, meaning that compared to the PM2.5 concentration outdoors, the concentrations of outdoor-generated PM2.5 indoors were reduced by 70%. In the media room, when the HEPA cleaners were operating, PM2.5 concentrations were reduced further with a PM2.5 infiltration efficiency of 17%. A carefully selected air-conditioned public building could be used as a cleaner indoor air shelter during episodes of elevated smoke emissions. Further improvements in indoor air quality within the building can be achieved by operating appropriately sized HEPA cleaners. |
Keywords | smoke; indoor air quality; interventions; cleaner indoor air shelter; HEPA; PM2.5 |
Year | 2021 |
Journal | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Journal citation | 18 (8), pp. 1-8 |
Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI AG) |
ISSN | 1661-7827 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084085 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85103924018 |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 1-8 |
Funder | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 13 Apr 2021 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 10 Apr 2021 |
Deposited | 31 Aug 2021 |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8wqwq/can-public-spaces-effectively-be-used-as-cleaner-indoor-air-shelters-during-extreme-smoke-events
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Publisher's version
OA_Wheeler_2021_Can_public_spaces_effectively_be_used.pdf | |
License: CC BY 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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