School-based interventions modestly increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness but are least effective for youth who need them most : An individual participant pooled analysis of 20 controlled trials
Journal article
Hartwig, Timothy Bryan, Sanders, Taren, Vasconcellos, Diego, Noetel, Michael, Parker, Philip D., Lubans, David Revalds, Andrade, Susana, Ávila-García, Manuel, Bartholomew, John, Belton, Sarahjane, Brooks, Naomi E., Bugge, Anna, Cavero-Redondo, Iván, Christiansen, Lars Breum, Cohen, Kristen, Coppinger, Tara, Dyrstad, Sindre, Errisuriz, Vanessa, Fairclough, Stuart, ... del Pozo Cruz, Borja. (2021). School-based interventions modestly increase physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness but are least effective for youth who need them most : An individual participant pooled analysis of 20 controlled trials. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 55, pp. 721-729. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102740
Authors | Hartwig, Timothy Bryan, Sanders, Taren, Vasconcellos, Diego, Noetel, Michael, Parker, Philip D., Lubans, David Revalds, Andrade, Susana, Ávila-García, Manuel, Bartholomew, John, Belton, Sarahjane, Brooks, Naomi E., Bugge, Anna, Cavero-Redondo, Iván, Christiansen, Lars Breum, Cohen, Kristen, Coppinger, Tara, Dyrstad, Sindre, Errisuriz, Vanessa, Fairclough, Stuart, Gorely, Trish, Javier Huertas-Delgado, Francisco, Issartel, Johann, Kriemler, Susi, Kvalø, Silje Eikanger, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Martinez-Vizcaino, Vicente, Møller, Niels Christian, Moran, Colin, Morris, John, Nevill, Mary, Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica, Leary, Mai, Peralta, Louisa, Pfeiffer, Karin A., Puder, Jardena, Redondo-Tébar, Andrés, Robbins, Lorraine B., Sanchez-Lopez, Mairena, Tarp, Jakob, Taylor, Sarah, Tercedor, Pablo, Toftager, Mette, Villa-González, Emilio, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weston, Kathryn Louise, Yin, Zenong, Zhixiong, Zhou, Lonsdale, Chris and del Pozo Cruz, Borja |
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Abstract | Objectives: To determine if subpopulations of students benefit equally from school-based physical activity interventions in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. To examine if physical activity intensity mediates improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. Design: Pooled analysis of individual participant data from controlled trials that assessed the impact of school-based physical activity interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness and device-measured physical activity. Participants: Data for 6621 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years from 20 trials were included. Main outcome measures: Peak oxygen consumption (VO2Peak mL/kg/min) and minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity. Results: Interventions modestly improved students’ cardiorespiratory fitness by 0.47 mL/kg/min (95% CI 0.33 to 0.61), but the effects were not distributed equally across subpopulations. Girls and older students benefited less than boys and younger students, respectively. Students with lower levels of initial fitness, and those with higher levels of baseline physical activity benefitted more than those who were initially fitter and less active, respectively. Interventions had a modest positive effect on physical activity with approximately one additional minute per day of both moderate and vigorous physical activity. Changes in vigorous, but not moderate intensity, physical activity explained a small amount (~5%) of the intervention effect on cardiorespiratory fitness. Conclusions: Future interventions should include targeted strategies to address the needs of girls and older students. Interventions may also be improved by promoting more vigorous intensity physical activity. Interventions could mitigate declining youth cardiorespiratory fitness, increase physical activity and promote cardiovascular health if they can be delivered equitably and their effects sustained at the population level. |
Year | 2021 |
Journal | British Journal of Sports Medicine |
Journal citation | 55, pp. 721-729 |
Publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
ISSN | 0306-3674 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102740 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85099449941 |
Open access | Published as green open access |
Page range | 721-729 |
Author's accepted manuscript | License File Access Level Open |
Publisher's version | License All rights reserved File Access Level Controlled |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 13 Jan 2021 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 16 Dec 2020 |
Deposited | 07 Sep 2021 |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8wv97/school-based-interventions-modestly-increase-physical-activity-and-cardiorespiratory-fitness-but-are-least-effective-for-youth-who-need-them-most-an-individual-participant-pooled-analysis-of-20
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AM_Hartwig_2021_School-based_interventions_modestly_increase_physical_activity.pdf | |
License: CC BY-NC 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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