Support needs of parents in neonatal intensive care unit : An integrative review

Journal article


Adama, Esther Abena, Adua, Eric, Bayes, Sara and Mörelius, Evalotte. (2022). Support needs of parents in neonatal intensive care unit : An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 31(5-6), pp. 532-547. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15972
AuthorsAdama, Esther Abena, Adua, Eric, Bayes, Sara and Mörelius, Evalotte
Abstract

Background
Having an infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is associated with intense emotional stress for both mothers and fathers. However, with the right support from staff, this stress can be reduced significantly. Although evidence on needs of parents in the neonatal unit exists, there is lack of a systematic integrative review on the support needs of parents in the neonatal unit. Current review evidence is needed to support busy neonatal unit clinicians in their practice.

Aim and objectives
The purpose of this integrative review is to explore the current available evidence to describe and understand the support needs of parents of infants in the NICU.

Methods
The integrative review process of Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was used to guide this study. Six databases—MEDLINE, CINHAL, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and PsycINFO—were searched for eligible studies using relevant keywords. Primary studies published in English language from 2010 to 2021 were reviewed following a pre-determined inclusion criteria. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were critically appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The review report is guided by the PRISMA 2020 checklist for systematic reviews.

Results
Overall, 24 primary qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies were included in the review. Analysis of included studies resulted in six themes that demonstrate the support needs of parents in the NICU; 1. Information needs; 2. Emotionally intelligent staff; 3. Hands-on support; 4. Targeted support; 5. Emotional needs; and 6. Practical needs.

Conclusion
This review has presented the current evidence on the needs of parents from their own perspective. Healthcare workers’ understanding and supporting these needs in the NICU is likely to increase parental satisfaction and improve health outcomes for parents, infants and their family.

Relevance to clinical practice
Parents of infants in the NICU require staff support to enhance their experiences, well-being, caring and parenting confidence during admission and post-discharge. As parents are in constant need for informational, emotional and practical support, continuing professional development for NICU staff should place emphasis on effective communication strategies, enhancing emotional intelligence and empathy among staff. NICU staff should build positive ongoing relationships with parents and provide targetted support for mothers and fathers.

Keywordsinfants; needs; neonatal unit; NICU; parents; support
Year2022
JournalJournal of Clinical Nursing
Journal citation31 (5-6), pp. 532-547
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISSN0962-1067
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15972
PubMed ID34312923
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85111120599
Page range532-547
FunderEdith Cowan University
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online26 Jul 2021
Publication process dates
Accepted22 Jun 2021
Deposited24 Oct 2021
Grant IDG1004461
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