Wrist-based photoplethysmography assessment of heart rate and heart rate variability : Validation of WHOOP
Journal article
Bellenger, Clint R., Miller, Dean, Halson, Shona L., Roach, Greg and Sargent, Charli. (2021). Wrist-based photoplethysmography assessment of heart rate and heart rate variability : Validation of WHOOP. Sensors. 21(10), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103571
Authors | Bellenger, Clint R., Miller, Dean, Halson, Shona L., Roach, Greg and Sargent, Charli |
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Abstract | Heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) infer readiness to perform exercise in athletic populations. Technological advancements have facilitated HR and HRV quantification via photoplethysmography (PPG). This study evaluated the validity of WHOOP’s PPG-derived HR and HRV against electrocardiogram-derived (ECG) measures. HR and HRV were assessed via WHOOP and ECG over 15 opportunities. WHOOP-derived pulse-to-pulse (PP) intervals were edited with WHOOP’s proprietary filter, in addition to various filter strengths via Kubios HRV software. HR and HRV (Ln RMSSD) were quantified for each filter strength. Agreement was assessed via bias and limits of agreement (LOA), and contextualised using smallest worthwhile change (SWC) and coefficient of variation (CV). Regardless of filter strength, bias (≤0.39 ± 0.38%) and LOA (≤1.56%) in HR were lower than the CV (10–11%) and SWC (5–5.5%) for this parameter. For Ln RMSSD, bias (1.66 ± 1.80%) and LOA (±5.93%) were lowest for a 200 ms filter and WHOOP’s proprietary filter, which approached or exceeded the CV (3–13%) and SWC (1.5–6.5%) for this parameter. Acceptable agreement was found between WHOOP- and ECG-derived HR. Bias and LOA in Ln RMSSD approached or exceeded the SWC/CV for this variable and should be interpreted against its own level of bias precision. |
Keywords | autonomic nervous system; agreement; electrocardiogram |
Year | 2021 |
Journal | Sensors |
Journal citation | 21 (10), pp. 1-12 |
Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI AG) |
ISSN | 1424-8220 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/s21103571 |
PubMed ID | 34065516 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85105980306 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC8160717 |
Open access | Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 1-12 |
Funder | Australian Research Council (ARC) |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 20 May 2021 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 14 May 2021 |
Deposited | 25 Nov 2021 |
ARC Funded Research | This output has been funded, wholly or partially, under the Australian Research Council Act 2001 |
Grant ID | ARC/DP160104909 |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8x247/wrist-based-photoplethysmography-assessment-of-heart-rate-and-heart-rate-variability-validation-of-whoop
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Publisher's version
OA_Bellenger_2021_Wrist_based_photoplethysmography_assessment_of_heart.pdf | |
License: CC BY 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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