Comparing private and public transport access to diabetic health services across inner, middle, and outer suburbs of Melbourne, Australia

Journal article

Madill, Rebecca, Badland, Hannah, Mavoa, Suzanne and Giles-Corti, Billie. (2018). Comparing private and public transport access to diabetic health services across inner, middle, and outer suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. BMC Health Services Research. 18, p. Article: 286. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3079-9
AuthorsMadill, Rebecca, Badland, Hannah, Mavoa, Suzanne and Giles-Corti, Billie
Abstract

Background
Melbourne, Australia is experiencing rapid population growth, with much of this occurring in metropolitan outer suburban areas, also known as urban growth areas. Currently little is known about differences in travel times when using private and public transport to access primary and secondary services across Melbourne’s urban growth areas. Plan Melbourne Refresh, a recent strategic land use document has called for a 20 min city, which is where essential services including primary health care, can be accessed within a 20 min journey. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major chronic condition in Australia, with some of Melbourne’s growth areas having some of the highest prevalence across Australia. This study explores travel times to diabetic health care services for populations residing in inner, middle and outer suburbs of metropolitan Melbourne.

Method
Geographic information systems (GIS) software were used to map the location of selected diabetic primary and secondary health care service providers across metropolitan inner, middle, outer established, outer urban growth and outer fringe areas of Melbourne. An origin-destination matrix was used to estimate travel distances from point of origin (using a total of approximately 50,000 synthetic residential addresses) to the closest type of each diabetic health care service provider (destinations) across Melbourne. ArcGIS was used to estimate travel times for private transport and public transport; comparisons were made by area.

Results
Our study indicated increased travel times to diabetic health services for people living in Melbourne’s outer growth and outer fringe areas compared with the rest of Melbourne (inner, middle and outer established). Compared with those living in inner city areas, the median time spent travelling to diabetic services was between 2.46 and 23.24 min (private motor vehicle) and 12.01 and 43.15 min (public transport) longer for those living in outer suburban areas. Irrespective of travel mode used, results indicate that those living in inner and middle suburbs of Melbourne have shorter travel times to access diabetic health services, compared with those living in outer areas of Melbourne. Private motor vehicle travel times were approximately 4 to 5 times faster than public transport modes to access diabetic health services in all areas.

Conclusion
Those living in new urban growth communities spend considerably more time travelling to access diabetic health services – particularly specialists - than those living in established areas across Melbourne.

Keywordshealth equity; urban growth areas; GIS; accessibility; public transport; private vehicle
Year2018
JournalBMC Health Services Research
Journal citation18, p. Article: 286
PublisherBiomed Central Ltd
ISSN1472-6963
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3079-9
PubMed ID29653533
Scopus EID2-s2.0-8504537895
PubMed Central IDPMC5899403
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range1-13
FunderNational Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online13 Apr 2018
Publication process dates
Accepted28 Mar 2018
Deposited06 Dec 2021
Grant IDNHMRC/1121035
NHMRC/1004900
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Associations between the neighborhood environment and moderate-to-vigorous walking in New Zealand children : Findings from the URBAN Study
McGrath, Leslie J., Hinckson, Erica A., Hopkins, Will G., Mavoa, Suzanne, Witten, Karen and Schofield, Grant. (2016). Associations between the neighborhood environment and moderate-to-vigorous walking in New Zealand children : Findings from the URBAN Study. Sports Medicine. 46(7), pp. 1003-1017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0533-x
Active transport, physical activity, and distance between home and school in children and adolescents
Duncan, Scott, White, Kate, Mavoa, Suzanne, Stewart, Tom, Hinckson, Erica and Schofield, Grant. (2016). Active transport, physical activity, and distance between home and school in children and adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 13(4), pp. 447-453. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0054
Associations between the neighbourhood built environment and out of school physical activity and active travel : An examination from the Kids in the City study
Oliver, Melody, Mavoa, Suzanne, Badland, Hannah, Parker, Karl, Donovan, Phil, Kearns, Robin, Lin, En-Yi and Witten, Karen. (2015). Associations between the neighbourhood built environment and out of school physical activity and active travel : An examination from the Kids in the City study. Health & Place. 36, pp. 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.09.005