Health and neurodevelopment of children born to opioid-dependent mothers at school entry

Journal article


Lee, Samantha J., Pritchard, Verena E., Austin, Nicola C., Henderson, Jacqueline M. T. and Woodward, Lianne J.. (2020). Health and neurodevelopment of children born to opioid-dependent mothers at school entry. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 41(1), pp. 48-57. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000711
AuthorsLee, Samantha J., Pritchard, Verena E., Austin, Nicola C., Henderson, Jacqueline M. T. and Woodward, Lianne J.
Abstract

Objective:
To examine the school readiness of a regional cohort of prenatally methadone-exposed children across 5 domains and to examine factors contributing to impairment risk.

Methods:
Data were drawn from a single-center, prospective longitudinal study. One hundred children born to women in methadone maintenance treatment and 110 randomly identified non–methadone-exposed children were studied from birth (2003–2008) to age 4.5 years. At 4.5 years, children underwent comprehensive assessment of their physical/motor development, social-emotional skills, approaches to learning, language development, and cognitive functioning. Predictors of children's overall school readiness were examined, including the extent of prenatal substance exposure (number and quantity of different substances), social risk, maternal mental health, infant clinical factors, and the quality of the home environment at age 18 months Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) score.

Results:
Methadone-exposed children had higher rates of delay/impairment across all outcome domains (odds ratios 4.0–5.3), with 72% impaired in at least 1 domain. Multiple problems were also common, affecting 48% of methadone-exposed children compared with 15% of control children. The mean number of school readiness domains impaired increased, with increasing prenatal substance exposure (rate ratio [RR] = 1.05 [1.01–1.11]), higher social risk (RR = 1.35 [1.20–1.53]), male sex (RR = 1.69 [1.27–2.25]), and lower HOME scores indicating a poorer quality postnatal environment (RR = 0.96 [0.94–0.99]).

Conclusion:
Children born to opioid-dependent mothers are at high risk of impaired school readiness, with multiple domain problems being common. Impaired school readiness was associated with greater maternal prenatal substance use, higher social risk, male sex, and lower‐quality caregiving environments.

Year2020
JournalJournal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Journal citation41 (1), pp. 48-57
PublisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISSN0196-206X
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000711
PubMed ID31393318
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85073630503
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range48-57
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online01 Jan 2020
Publication process dates
Deposited21 Dec 2021
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