Forced migration, oceanic humanitarianism, and the paradox of danger and saviour of a Vietnamese refugee boat journey

Journal article


Damousi, Joy, Nelli, Filippo, Nguyen Austen, Anh, Toffoli, Alessandro and Tomsic, Mary. (2022). Forced migration, oceanic humanitarianism, and the paradox of danger and saviour of a Vietnamese refugee boat journey. The Historical Journal. 65(2), pp. 505-526. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X21000595
AuthorsDamousi, Joy, Nelli, Filippo, Nguyen Austen, Anh, Toffoli, Alessandro and Tomsic, Mary
Abstract

The ocean is a central site of escape, danger, and rescue for refugees. It is also a place where oceanic humanitarianism is enacted. In histories of refugee migration, the combination of the ocean, weather, and climate in determining the fate of refugees has not been adequately examined. This article provides a critical analysis of a Vietnamese refugee boat journey in 1982, to demonstrate the paradoxical nature of the ocean as both a site of danger and saviour. Conventional historical methodologies alone cannot capture the complex role of the ocean and the weather in determining boat refugee journeys and rescues. Interdisciplinary research between historians and ocean engineers provides new evidence and understanding of how the ocean and weather influences the outcomes of refugees seeking asylum by boat. Numerical model predictions of sea state and ship motion – which enables the vessel's journey in past environmental conditions to be understood – integrated within historical analysis contributes to a fuller and more complex understanding of the nexus between environmental conditions and forced migration journeys. Ocean engineering produces a scientific narrative that historians can use, alongside oral histories and other sources, to theorize the ocean as an active agent.

Year2022
JournalThe Historical Journal
Journal citation65 (2), pp. 505-526
ISSN0018-246X
1469-5103
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X21000595
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85111254571
Open accessPublished as green open access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range505-526
Author's accepted manuscript
License
File Access Level
Open
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online21 Jul 2021
Publication process dates
Deposited18 Mar 2022
Supplemental file
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Permalink -

https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8x570/forced-migration-oceanic-humanitarianism-and-the-paradox-of-danger-and-saviour-of-a-vietnamese-refugee-boat-journey

Restricted files

Publisher's version


Supplemental file

  • 203
    total views
  • 470
    total downloads
  • 0
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month
These values are for the period from 19th October 2020, when this repository was created.

Export as

Related outputs

‘Dear Aunty Eleanor’ : Eleanor Roosevelt, Anna Freud and the politics of emotion in letters by children in war
Damousi, Joy. (2023). ‘Dear Aunty Eleanor’ : Eleanor Roosevelt, Anna Freud and the politics of emotion in letters by children in war. Social History. 48(3), pp. 338-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2023.2213949
'We are still alive' : Refugees and loneliness
Damousi, Joy. (2023). 'We are still alive' : Refugees and loneliness. In In Barclay, Katie, Chalus, Elaine and Simonton, Deborah (Ed.). The Routledge History of Loneliness pp. 471 - 483 Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429331848-35
“My book ideas were spinning in my head” : Arts-rich bookmaking experiences to create and sustain multilingual children's meaning making flows and authorial voices
Choi, Julie, Cleeve Gerkens, Rafaela and Tomsic, Mary. (2023). “My book ideas were spinning in my head” : Arts-rich bookmaking experiences to create and sustain multilingual children's meaning making flows and authorial voices. TESOL Quarterly. pp. 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.3279
Refiguring Refugee Resistance and Vulnerabilities : Hazara Community Publishing in the Australian Resettlement Context
Choi, Julie, Tomsic, Mary and Nguyen, Anh. (2023). Refiguring Refugee Resistance and Vulnerabilities : Hazara Community Publishing in the Australian Resettlement Context. Journal of Intercultural Studies. pp. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2023.2259816
Celebrity humanitarianism in the 1920s : Australian women at the League of Nations
Damousi, Joy. (2023). Celebrity humanitarianism in the 1920s : Australian women at the League of Nations. Cultural and Social History. 20(3), pp. 367-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2170523
Politics and Emotion in Drawings by Children in Australian Immigration Detention
Tomsic, Mary. (2023). Politics and Emotion in Drawings by Children in Australian Immigration Detention. In Small Stories of War: Children, Youth, and Conflict in Canada and Beyond pp. 224-248 McGill Queens University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780228018360-011
Vietnamese migrants in Australia and the global digital diaspora : Histories of childhood, forced migration, and belonging
Nguyen Austen, Anh. (2023). Vietnamese migrants in Australia and the global digital diaspora : Histories of childhood, forced migration, and belonging Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003169574
It’s all about the story : Personal narratives in children’s literature about refugees
Tomsic, Mary and Zbaracki, Matthew D.. (2022). It’s all about the story : Personal narratives in children’s literature about refugees. British Educational Research Journal. 48(5), pp. 859-877. https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3798
'An appeal from afar' : The challenges of compassion and the Australian humanitarian campaigns for Armenian relief, 1900-30
Damousi, Joy. (2020). 'An appeal from afar' : The challenges of compassion and the Australian humanitarian campaigns for Armenian relief, 1900-30. In In Laycock, Joanne and Piana, Francesca (Ed.). Aid to Armenia : Humanitarianism and intervention from the 1890s to the present pp. 50 - 65 Manchester University Press. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526142214.00011
Emotions and memory in the soundscapes of World War I
Damousi, Joy. (2020). Emotions and memory in the soundscapes of World War I. In Museums, History and the Intimate Experience of the Great War: Love and Sorrow pp. 9-27 Routledge.
Child sponsorship, development and aid : PLAN and UNICEF in Australia, 1945–1975
Damousi, Joy. (2020). Child sponsorship, development and aid : PLAN and UNICEF in Australia, 1945–1975. History Australia. 17(4), pp. 711-727. https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2020.1840289
In Search of Victor: Transnationalism, Emotion, and War
Damousi, J. (2020). In Search of Victor: Transnationalism, Emotion, and War. In In Lucy Noakes, Claire Langhamer and Claudia Siebrecht (Ed.). Total War: An Emotional History pp. 157-176 Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266663.003.0009
World Refugee Year 1959–60: Humanitarian rights in postwar Australia
Damousi, Joy. (2020). World Refugee Year 1959–60: Humanitarian rights in postwar Australia. Australian Historical Studies. 51(2), pp. 212 - 227. https://doi.org/10.1080/1031461X.2019.1651352
The Cambridge world history of violence volume 4: 1800 to the present
Dwyer, Philip and Damousi, Joy. In P. Dwyer and J. Damousi (Ed.). (2020). The Cambridge world history of violence volume 4: 1800 to the present Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316585023
Humanitarianism and child refugee sponsorship: The Spanish Civil War and the global campaign of Esme Odgers
Damousi, Joy. (2020). Humanitarianism and child refugee sponsorship: The Spanish Civil War and the global campaign of Esme Odgers. Journal of Women's History. 32(1), pp. 111 - 134. https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2020.0009
From the President
Damousi, Joy. (2020). From the President. History Australia. 17(1), pp. 1 - 2. https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2020.1717358
‘Never forget that this has happened’: Remembering and forgetting violence
Damousi, Joy, Silverstein, Jordana and Tomsic, Mary. (2020). ‘Never forget that this has happened’: Remembering and forgetting violence. In In P. Dwyer and J. Damousi (Ed.). The Cambridge World History of Violence; Volume 4: 1800 to the Present pp. 616 - 636 Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316585023
Response by Joy Damousi and Marilyn Lake
Damousi, Joy and Lake, Marilyn. (2020). Response by Joy Damousi and Marilyn Lake. History Australia. 17(1), pp. 17 - 20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2020.1717972
General introduction: Violence in world history
Dwyer, Philip and Damousi, Joy. (2020). General introduction: Violence in world history. In In G. Fagan, L. Fibiger and M. Hudson and M. Trundle (Ed.). The Cambridge World History of Violence; Volume 1 pp. 1 - 18 Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316341247
Children’s art : Histories and cultural meanings of creative expression by displaced children
Tomsic, Mary. (2019). Children’s art : Histories and cultural meanings of creative expression by displaced children. In In Moruzi, Kristine, Musgrove, Nell and Pascoe Leahy, Carla (Ed.). Children's voices from the past : New historical and interdisciplinary perspectives pp. 137-158 Palgrave Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11896-9_6
Jewish children in Australian history
Damousi, Joy. (2019). Jewish children in Australian history. Australian Jewish Historical Society Journal. 24(1), pp. 87-108.
Introduction: From the Modern to the Digital World: New Order, New Emotions
Damousi, Joy and Davidson, Jane. (2019). Introduction: From the Modern to the Digital World: New Order, New Emotions. In In Davidson, Jane and Damousi, Joy (Ed.). A Cultural History of the Emotions in the Modern and Post-Modern Age pp. 1-18 Bloomsbury.
From humanitarian “charity” to “justice”: The Australian foster parents plan and fostering refugees in Asia during the 1970s
Damousi, Joy. (2019). From humanitarian “charity” to “justice”: The Australian foster parents plan and fostering refugees in Asia during the 1970s. Australian Journal of Politics and History. 65(4), pp. 549 - 565. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12625
Contesting Australian history: Essays in honour of Marilyn Lake
Damousi, Joy and Smart, Judith. In J. Damousi and J. Smart (Ed.). (2019). Contesting Australian history: Essays in honour of Marilyn Lake Monash University Publishing.
Creating “them” and “us”: The educational framing of picture books to teach about forced dis-placement and today’s “refugee crisis”
Tomsic, Mary and Deery, Claire. (2019). Creating “them” and “us”: The educational framing of picture books to teach about forced dis-placement and today’s “refugee crisis”. History of Education Review. 48(1), pp. 46 - 60. https://doi.org/10.1108/HER-11-2018-0027
Out of ‘common humanity’: Humanitarianism, compassion and efforts in Australia to assist Jewish refugees in the 1930s
Damousi, Joy. (2019). Out of ‘common humanity’: Humanitarianism, compassion and efforts in Australia to assist Jewish refugees in the 1930s. Australian Historical Studies. 50(1), pp. 81 - 98. https://doi.org/10.1080/1031461X.2018.1541096
Feminist film on women's experiences of violence
Tomsic, Mary. (2019). Feminist film on women's experiences of violence. In In A. Piper and A. Stevenson (Ed.). Gender Violence in Australia, Historical Perspective pp. 192 - 205 Monash University Publishing.
“I feel I am at the stage now of really learning something”: Esma Banner, post-Second World War migration worker and photographer
Tomsic, Mary. (2019). “I feel I am at the stage now of really learning something”: Esma Banner, post-Second World War migration worker and photographer. Australian Journal of Politics and History. 65(4), pp. 516 - 531. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12621.
Transforming Australian history: Humanitarianism and transnationalism
Damousi, Joy. (2019). Transforming Australian history: Humanitarianism and transnationalism. In In J. Damousi and J. Smart (Ed.). Contesting Australian History: Essays in honour of Marilyn Lake pp. 94 - 106 Monash University Publishing.
Thinking with, through, and against Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities : The legacies of a major historical paradigm [Conference abstract]
Damousi, Joy and Jezierski, Wojtek. (2018). Thinking with, through, and against Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities : The legacies of a major historical paradigm [Conference abstract]. American Historical Association : 132nd annual meeting. Washington, DC 04 - 07 Jan 2018 American Historical Association.
Sharing a personal past: #iwasarefugee #iamarefugee on Instagram
Tomsic, Mary. (2018). Sharing a personal past: #iwasarefugee #iamarefugee on Instagram. In In J. Lydon (Ed.). Visualising Human Rights pp. 63 - 84 UWA Press.
Australian League of Nations Union and war refugees, 1930-39
Damousi, Joy. (2018). Australian League of Nations Union and war refugees, 1930-39. In In J. Damousi and P. O'Brien (Ed.). League of Nations: Histories, Legacies and Impact pp. 28 - 45 Melbourne University Press.
League of Nations: Histories, legacies and impact
Damousi, Joy and O'Brien, Patricia. In J. Damousi and P. O'Brien (Ed.). (2018). League of Nations: Histories, legacies and impact Monash University Press.
The campaign for Japanese-Australian children to enter Australia, 1957-1968: A history of post-war humanitarianism
Damousi, Joy. (2018). The campaign for Japanese-Australian children to enter Australia, 1957-1968: A history of post-war humanitarianism. Australian Journal of Politics and History. 64(2), pp. 211 - 226. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12461
Introduction to League of Nations: Histories, Legacies and Impact
Damousi, Joy. (2018). Introduction to League of Nations: Histories, Legacies and Impact. In In J. Damousi and P. O'Brien (Ed.). League of Nations: Histories, Legacies and Impact pp. 1 - 7 Melbourne University Press.
The politics of picture books: Stories of displaced children in twenty-first-century Australia
Tomsic, Mary. (2018). The politics of picture books: Stories of displaced children in twenty-first-century Australia. History Australia. 15(2), pp. 339 - 356. https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2018.1452156
A cultural history of sound, memory, and the senses
Damousi, Joy and Hamilton, Paula. In J. Damousi and P. Hamilton (Ed.). (2017). A cultural history of sound, memory, and the senses Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315445328
‘Happiness again’: Photographing and narrating the arrival of Hungarian child refugees and their families 1956–1957
Tomsic, Mary. (2017). ‘Happiness again’: Photographing and narrating the arrival of Hungarian child refugees and their families 1956–1957. The History of the Family. 22(4), pp. 485 - 509. https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2016.1276852
Viola Bernard and the case study of race in post-war America
Damousi, Joy. (2017). Viola Bernard and the case study of race in post-war America. In A History of the Case Study: Sexology, Psychoanalysis, Literature pp. 189 - 214 Manchester University Press. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526106117.00010
Introduction to A History of the Case Study: Sexology, Psychoanalysis, Literature
Lang, Birgit, Damousi, Joy and Lewis, Alison. (2017). Introduction to A History of the Case Study: Sexology, Psychoanalysis, Literature. In In J. Damousi, K. Rubenstein and M. Tomsic (Ed.). A History of the Case Study: Sexology, Psychoanalysis, Literature pp. 1 - 18 Manchester University Press. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526106117.00004
Gender and mourning
Damousi, Joy. (2017). Gender and mourning. In In S. Grayzel and T. Proctor (Ed.). Gender and the Great War pp. 211 - 229 Oxford University Press.
The Greek Civil War, child removal and traumatic pasts in Australia
Damousi, Joy. (2017). The Greek Civil War, child removal and traumatic pasts in Australia. In In R. Mason (Ed.). Legacies of Violence: Rendering the Unspeakable Past in Modern Australia pp. 127 - 141 Berghahn Books Inc.. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvss40bc.10
Building ‘healthy happy family units’: Aileen Fitzpatrick and reuniting children separated by the Greek Civil War with their families in Australia, 1949–1954
Damousi, Joy. (2017). Building ‘healthy happy family units’: Aileen Fitzpatrick and reuniting children separated by the Greek Civil War with their families in Australia, 1949–1954. The History of the Family. 22(4), pp. 466 - 484. https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2016.1275738
Sounds and silence of war: Dresden and Paris during World War II
Damousi, Joy. (2017). Sounds and silence of war: Dresden and Paris during World War II. In In J. Damousi and P. Hamilton (Ed.). A Cultural History of Sound, Memory, and the Senses pp. 123 - 141 Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315445328
Beyond the silver screen : A History of women, filmmaking and film culture in Australia 1920-1990
Tomsic, Mary. (2017). Beyond the silver screen : A History of women, filmmaking and film culture in Australia 1920-1990 Melbourne University Publishing.
Mothers in war: "Responsible mothering," children, and the prevention of violence in twentieth-century war
Damousi, Joy. (2017). Mothers in war: "Responsible mothering," children, and the prevention of violence in twentieth-century war. History and Theory. 55(4), pp. 119 - 134. https://doi.org/10.1111/hith.12041
Conclusion to A History of the Case Study: Sexology, Psychoanalysis, Literature
Lang, Birgit, Damousi, Joy and Lewis, Alison. (2017). Conclusion to A History of the Case Study: Sexology, Psychoanalysis, Literature. In A History of the Case Study: Sexology, Psychoanalysis, Literature pp. 215 - 220 Manchester University Press. https://doi.org/10.7765/9781526106117.00011
Introduction: Leaning in
Damousi, Joy and Hamilton, Paula. (2017). Introduction: Leaning in. In In J. Damousi and P. Hamilton (Ed.). A Cultural History of Sound, Memory, and the Senses pp. 1 - 6 Routledge.
Hidden by the myth: Women's leadership in war and peace
Damousi, Joy. (2017). Hidden by the myth: Women's leadership in war and peace. In In D. Stephens and A. Broinowski (Ed.). The Honest History Book pp. 211 - 224 NewSouth Publishing.
The Conscription Conflict and the Great War
Archer, Robin, Damousi, Joy, Goot, Murray and Scalmer, Sean. (2016). The Conscription Conflict and the Great War Monash University Publishing.
'This is against all the British traditions of fair play': Violence against Greeks on the Australian home-front during the First World War
Damousi, Joy. (2016). 'This is against all the British traditions of fair play': Violence against Greeks on the Australian home-front during the First World War. In In A. Varnava and M. Walsh (Ed.). Australia and the Great War: Identity, Memory and Mythology pp. 128 - 145 Melbourne University Press.
Universities and Conscription: The 'Yes' campaigns and the University of Melbourne
Damousi, Joy. (2016). Universities and Conscription: The 'Yes' campaigns and the University of Melbourne. In The Conscription Conflict and the Great War pp. 83 - 101 Monash University Publishing.
Introduction : Case studies and the dissemination of knowledge
Damousi, Joy, Lang, Birgit and Sutton, Katie. (2015). Introduction : Case studies and the dissemination of knowledge. In In Damousi, Joy, Lang, Birgit and Sutton, Katie (Ed.). Case studies and the dissemination of knowledge  pp. 1-12 Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315746777-1
Reaching to Homelands: Greek war memories
Damousi, Joy. (2015). Reaching to Homelands: Greek war memories. Griffith Review. 48, pp. 102 - 109.
Memory and Migration in the Shadow of War
Damousi, Joy. (2015). Memory and Migration in the Shadow of War Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316336847
Case studies and the dissemination of knowledge
Damousi, Joy, Lang, Birgit and Sutton, Katie. In J. Damousi, B. Lang and K. Sutton (Ed.). (2015). Case studies and the dissemination of knowledge Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315746777
Introduction: Case studies and the dissemination of knowledge
Damousi, Joy, Lang, Birgit and Sutton, Katie. (2015). Introduction: Case studies and the dissemination of knowledge. In In J. Damousi, B. Lang and K. Sutton (Ed.). Case Studies and the Dissemination of Knowledge pp. 1 - 12 Routledge.
John Springthorpe’s war
Damousi, Joy. (2015). John Springthorpe’s war. The La Trobe Journal. 96, pp. 103 - 116.
Humanitarianism in the interwar years: How Australians responded to the child refugees of the Armenian genocide and the Greek-Turkish exchange
Damousi, Joy. (2015). Humanitarianism in the interwar years: How Australians responded to the child refugees of the Armenian genocide and the Greek-Turkish exchange. History Australia. 12(1), pp. 95 - 115. https://doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2015.11668555
Sexuality and the public case study in the United States, 1940-65
Damousi, Joy. (2015). Sexuality and the public case study in the United States, 1940-65. In In J. Damousi, B. Lang and K. Sutton (Ed.). Case Studies and the Dissemination of Knowledge pp. 133 - 151 Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315746777-9
Diversity in leadership: Australian women, past and present
Damousi, Joy, Rubenstein, Kim and Tomsic, Mary. In J. Damousi, K. Rubenstein and M. Tomsic (Ed.). (2014). Diversity in leadership: Australian women, past and present ANU Press. https://doi.org/10.22459/DL.11.2014
Female factory inspectors and leadership in early twentieth-century Australia
Damousi, Joy. (2014). Female factory inspectors and leadership in early twentieth-century Australia. In In J. Damousi, K. Rubenstein and M. Tomsic (Ed.). Diversity in Leadership: Australian women, past and present pp. 167 - 188 ANU Press.
What did you do in the Cold War Daddy?: Personal stories from a troubled time
Curthoys, Ann and Damousi, Joy. In A. Curthoys and J. Damousi (Ed.). (2014). What did you do in the Cold War Daddy?: Personal stories from a troubled time NewSouth Publishing.
Conclusion to Gender and leadership - Diversity in Leadership: Australian women, past and present
Damousi, Joy and Tomsic, Mary. (2014). Conclusion to Gender and leadership - Diversity in Leadership: Australian women, past and present. In In J. Damousi, K. Rubenstein and M. Tomsic (Ed.). Diversity in Leadership: Australian women, past and present pp. 331 - 334 ANU Press.
Introduction to Diversity in Leadership: Australian Women, Past and Present
Damousi, Joy and Tomsic, Mary. (2014). Introduction to Diversity in Leadership: Australian Women, Past and Present. In In J. Damousi, K. Rubenstein and M. Tomsic (Ed.). Diversity in Leadership: Australian women, past and present pp. 1 - 14 ANU Press.
Mourning Practices
Damousi, Joy. (2014). Mourning Practices. In In J. Winter (Ed.). The Cambridge History of the First World War - Volume 3: Civil Society pp. 358 - 384 Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CHO9780511675683.020
Entertaining children: The 1927 Royal Commission on the Motion Picture Industry as a site of women’s leadership
Tomsic, Mary. (2014). Entertaining children: The 1927 Royal Commission on the Motion Picture Industry as a site of women’s leadership. In Diversity in Leadership: Australian women, past and present pp. 253 - 267 ANU Press.
Does Feminist History have a future?
Damousi, Joy. (2014). Does Feminist History have a future? Australian Feminist Studies. 29(80), pp. 189 - 203. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2014.928188
The state and the widow: Pension debates in Inter-War Years Australia
Damousi, Joy. (2013). The state and the widow: Pension debates in Inter-War Years Australia. In In L. Haney and L. Pollard (Ed.). Families of a New World: Gender, Politics, and State Development in a Global Context pp. 99 - 118 Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315811048
‘WE WILL INVENT OURSELVES, THE AGE OF THE NEW IMAGE IS AT HAND’: Creating, Learning and Talking with Australian Feminist Filmmaking
Tomsic, Mary. (2007). ‘WE WILL INVENT OURSELVES, THE AGE OF THE NEW IMAGE IS AT HAND’: Creating, Learning and Talking with Australian Feminist Filmmaking. Australian Feminist Studies. 22(53), pp. 287 - 306. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164640701364679
Letters, films and friends: Women's involvement in the Victorian film society movement
Tomsic, Mary. (2004). Letters, films and friends: Women's involvement in the Victorian film society movement. Lilith: A Feminist History Journal.
Women’s Memories of Cinema-Going: More than ‘The Only Thing Left to do’ in Victoria’s Western District
Tomsic, Mary. (2004). Women’s Memories of Cinema-Going: More than ‘The Only Thing Left to do’ in Victoria’s Western District. History Australia. 2(1), pp. 1 - 12. https://doi.org/10.2104/ha040006
Disparate Voices? Framlingham as a site of resistance
Tomsic, Mary. (2002). Disparate Voices? Framlingham as a site of resistance. In Writing Colonial Histories: Comparative Perspectives pp. 39 - 55 University of Melbourne * School of Historical and Philosophical Studies - History.