Intersection of diet and exercise with the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites in male bodybuilders : A pilot study
Journal article
Luk, Alison W. S., Mitchell, Lachlan, Koay, Yen Chin, O’Sullivan, John F., O’Connor, Helen, Hackett, Daniel A. and Holmes, Andrew. (2022). Intersection of diet and exercise with the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites in male bodybuilders : A pilot study. Metabolites. 12(10), p. Article 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100911
Authors | Luk, Alison W. S., Mitchell, Lachlan, Koay, Yen Chin, O’Sullivan, John F., O’Connor, Helen, Hackett, Daniel A. and Holmes, Andrew |
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Abstract | Diet, exercise and the gut microbiome are all factors recognised to be significant contributors to cardiometabolic health. However, diet and exercise interventions to modify the gut microbiota to improve health are limited by poor understanding of the interactions between them. In this pilot study, we explored diet–exercise–microbiome dynamics in bodybuilders as they represent a distinctive group that typically employ well-defined dietary strategies and exercise regimes to alter their body composition. We performed longitudinal characterisation of diet, exercise, the faecal microbial community composition and serum metabolites in five bodybuilders during competition preparation and post-competition. All participants reduced fat mass while conserving lean mass during competition preparation, corresponding with dietary energy intake and exercise load, respectively. There was individual variability in food choices that aligned to individualised gut microbial community compositions throughout the study. However, there was a common shift from a high protein, low carbohydrate diet during pre-competition to a more macronutrient-balanced diet post-competition, which was associated with similar changes in the gut microbial diversity across participants. The circulating metabolite profiles also reflected individuality, but a subset of metabolites relating to lipid metabolism distinguished between pre- and post-competition. Changes in the gut microbiome and circulating metabolome were distinct for each individual, but showed common patterns. We conclude that further longitudinal studies will have greater potential than cross-sectional studies in informing personalisation of diet and exercise regimes to enhance exercise outcomes and improve health. |
Keywords | personalised diet; athletes; gut microbiota; macronutrient ratio |
Year | 2022 |
Journal | Metabolites |
Journal citation | 12 (10), p. Article 911 |
Publisher | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI AG) |
ISSN | 2218-1989 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100911 |
PubMed ID | 36295813 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85140743551 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC9608465 |
Open access | Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access |
Page range | 1-13 |
Funder | Sports Dietitians Australia |
University of Sydney | |
Heart Research Institute, New South Wales | |
Collaborative Research Network for Advancing Exercise and Sports Science (CRN-AESS) | |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 27 Sep 2022 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 21 Sep 2022 |
Deposited | 20 Jan 2023 |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8y9wz/intersection-of-diet-and-exercise-with-the-gut-microbiome-and-circulating-metabolites-in-male-bodybuilders-a-pilot-study
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Publisher's version
OA_Luk_2022_Intersection_of_diet_and_exercise_with.pdf | |
License: CC BY 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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