Lower-limb muscle function in healthy young and older adults across a range of walking speeds

Journal article

Lim, Yoong Ping, Lin, Yi-Chung and Pandy, Marcus G.. (2022). Lower-limb muscle function in healthy young and older adults across a range of walking speeds. Gait & Posture. 94, pp. 124-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.03.003

Publication dates
Authors	Lim, Yoong Ping, Lin, Yi-Chung and Pandy, Marcus G.
Abstract	Background Previous studies have compared the functional roles of the individual lower-limb muscles when healthy young and older adults walk at their self-selected speeds. No age-group differences were observed in ankle muscle forces and ankle muscle contributions to support and progression. However, older adults displayed higher gluteus maximus (hip extensor) muscle forces and greater contributions to support during early stance. There are no data that describe the functions of the individual lower-limb muscles in healthy older adults for walking at speeds other than the self-selected speed. Research question How does walking speed affect the functional roles of the individual lower-limb muscles in healthy older adults? Methods Three-dimensional gait data were recorded for 10 healthy young and 10 healthy older adults walking at slow, normal, and fast speeds (0.7 m/s, 1.4 m/s, and 1.7 m/s, respectively). Both groups walked at the same speed at each condition. The experimental data were combined with a full-body musculoskeletal model to calculate and compare muscle forces and muscle contributions to the vertical, fore-aft, and mediolateral ground reaction forces (support, progression, and balance, respectively) in both groups. Results Lower-limb muscle function was similar in young and older adults when both groups walked at the same speed at each condition. The same five muscles - gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, vasti, gastrocnemius, and soleus – contributed most significantly to support, progression, and balance in both groups at all speeds. However, gluteus maximus generated greater support and braking forces during early stance and gastrocnemius contributed less to forward propulsion during late stance at all speeds in the older group. Significance These results provide further insight into the functional roles of the individual lower-limb muscles of older adults during walking and could inform the design of exercise programs aimed at improving support and balance in those at risk of falling.
Keywords	elderly gait; support; progression; balance; musculoskeletal model
Year	2022
Journal	Gait & Posture
Journal citation	94, pp. 124-130
Publisher	Elsevier B.V.
ISSN	0966-6362
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.03.003
PubMed ID	35305479
Scopus EID	2-s2.0-85126515515
Page range	124-130
Funder	Australian Research Council (ARC)
Publisher's version	License All rights reserved File Access Level Controlled
Output status	Published
Online	08 Mar 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted	04 Mar 2022
Deposited	03 Mar 2023
ARC Funded Research	This output has been funded, wholly or partially, under the Australian Research Council Act 2001
Grant ID	DP160104366

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