Urban green space and mental well-being of Aotearoa New Zealand adolescents : A path analysis

Journal article

Zhang, Yijun, Zhao, Jinfeng, Mavoa, Suzanne, Erika, Ikeda, Clark, Terryann C., Crengle, Sue and Smith, Melody. (2022). Urban green space and mental well-being of Aotearoa New Zealand adolescents : A path analysis. Wellbeing, Space and Society. 3, p. Article 100085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2022.100085
AuthorsZhang, Yijun, Zhao, Jinfeng, Mavoa, Suzanne, Erika, Ikeda, Clark, Terryann C., Crengle, Sue and Smith, Melody
Abstract

Background
Growing evidence shows the positive influence of neighbourhood green space on mental well-being among adults through multiple health behaviours, but similar studies are lacking for adolescents.

Methods
Data were drawn from the 2019 wave of the Youth2000 survey series in Aotearoa, New Zealand with secondary school students (aged 10-19 years) from the city of Tamaki Makaurau, Auckland. Emotional well-being was measured with the World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-short form. Neighbourhood green space was assessed using three different measures: percentage of green space, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the distance to nearest green space from place of residence. Exposure areas of these measures were calculated using Euclidean buffers of 100m, 300m, 800m and 1600m around participants’ meshblock residential addresses. Three mediating (physical activity, social cohesion, sleep) and ten control variables (in adjusted models) were included in path analysis to test the direct and indirect relationships between green space and adolescent mental well-being.

Results
In unadjusted models, percentage of green space had a negative relationship with emotional well-being, and inconsistent effects of NDVI were detected in different buffers. Minor indirect effects of physical activity and sleep were also found. Depressive symptoms and emotional well-being were more strongly related to other individual and neighbourhood factors (e.g., neighbourhood deprivation). After adjusting for control variables, no significant associations of green space with adolescent depressive symptoms and emotional well-being were identified.

Conclusions
Urban neighbourhood green space does not appear to be a dominant factor contributing to adolescent mental well-being through physical activity, social cohesion and sleep. Appropriate individual and environmental control variables are needed to take into consideration in future studies that explore the green space-mental well-being relationships in adolescents.

Keywordsnatural space; mental well-being; physical activity; social cohesion; sleep
Year2022
JournalWellbeing, Space and Society
Journal citation3, p. Article 100085
PublisherElsevier Ltd
ISSN2666-5581
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2022.100085
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85131052174
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range1-13
FunderHealth Research Council of New Zealand
Medical Research Council (MRC), United Kingdom
British Heart Foundation
Cancer Research UK
Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)
Wellcome Trust
National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)
University of Melbourne
Health Research Council (HRC), New Zealand
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online26 May 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted24 May 2022
Deposited16 Mar 2023
Grant ID17/013
MC_UU_00006/5
1121035
17/315
18/473
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Associations between the neighborhood environment and moderate-to-vigorous walking in New Zealand children : Findings from the URBAN Study
McGrath, Leslie J., Hinckson, Erica A., Hopkins, Will G., Mavoa, Suzanne, Witten, Karen and Schofield, Grant. (2016). Associations between the neighborhood environment and moderate-to-vigorous walking in New Zealand children : Findings from the URBAN Study. Sports Medicine. 46(7), pp. 1003-1017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0533-x
Active transport, physical activity, and distance between home and school in children and adolescents
Duncan, Scott, White, Kate, Mavoa, Suzanne, Stewart, Tom, Hinckson, Erica and Schofield, Grant. (2016). Active transport, physical activity, and distance between home and school in children and adolescents. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 13(4), pp. 447-453. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0054