Effectiveness of nutrition interventions on improving diet quality and nutrition knowledge in military populations : A systematic review

Journal article


Kullen, Charina, Mitchell, Lachlan, O'Connor, Helen T., Gifford, Janelle A. and Beck, Kathryn L.. (2022). Effectiveness of nutrition interventions on improving diet quality and nutrition knowledge in military populations : A systematic review. Nutrition Reviews. 80(6), pp. 1664-1693. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab087
AuthorsKullen, Charina, Mitchell, Lachlan, O'Connor, Helen T., Gifford, Janelle A. and Beck, Kathryn L.
Abstract

Context
Optimizing nutrition in military groups through improved diet quality and nutrition knowledge is key in supporting the high physical and cognitive demands.

Objective
The objective of this investigation was to systematically review the effectiveness of nutrition interventions among military personnel in improving diet quality and/or nutrition knowledge.

Data Sources
Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from the earliest records to May 2020.

Data Extraction
Data were extracted by 2 reviewers. The primary outcomes were diet quality and/or nutrition knowledge.

Data Analysis
Twenty studies were included. The main intervention approaches identified were nutrition education of individuals (i.e., education-based studies; EB) (n = 12), and manipulation of the food service environment (i.e., dining facility studies; DFACs) (n = 8). The most common strategies were face-to-face lectures (n = 8) for EB, and healthier menus (n = 7) and education of catering staff (n = 6) for DFAC interventions. Most studies (18/20) demonstrated favorable within-group effects; however, dietary changes were inconsistent. Five of 10 studies using a comparator group demonstrated positive between-group differences.

Conclusion
Although potential exists for improving diet quality and nutrition knowledge in military populations, the heterogeneity of the studies to date limits conclusions on the most efficacious strategies.

Keywordsdiet quality; military; nutrition knowledge
Year2022
JournalNutrition Reviews
Journal citation80 (6), pp. 1664-1693
PublisherOxford University Press
ISSN1753-4887
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab087
PubMed ID35020915
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85130003550
Page range1664-1693
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online04 May 2022
Publication process dates
Deposited17 Mar 2023
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