The CannTeen study : Verbal episodic memory, spatial working memory, and response inhibition in adolescent and adult cannabis users and age-matched controls

Journal article

Lawn, W., Fernandez-Vinson, N., Mokrysz, C., Hogg, G., Lees, R., Trinci, K., Petrilli, K., Borissova, A., Ofori, S., Waters, S., Michór, P., Wall, M. B., Freeman, T. P. and Curran, H. Valerie. (2022). The CannTeen study : Verbal episodic memory, spatial working memory, and response inhibition in adolescent and adult cannabis users and age-matched controls. Psychopharmacology. 239(5), pp. 1629-1641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06143-3
AuthorsLawn, W., Fernandez-Vinson, N., Mokrysz, C., Hogg, G., Lees, R., Trinci, K., Petrilli, K., Borissova, A., Ofori, S., Waters, S., Michór, P., Wall, M. B., Freeman, T. P. and Curran, H. Valerie
Abstract

Background
Preclinical and human studies suggest that adolescent cannabis use may be associated with worse cognitive outcomes than adult cannabis use. We investigated the associations between chronic cannabis use and cognitive function in adolescent and adult cannabis users and controls. We hypothesised user-status would be negatively associated with cognitive function and this relationship would be stronger in adolescents than adults.

Methods
As part of the ‘CannTeen’ project, this cross-sectional study assessed cognitive performance in adolescent cannabis users (n = 76; 16–17-year-olds), adolescent controls (n = 63), adult cannabis users (n = 71; 26–29-year-olds) and adult controls (n = 64). Users used cannabis 1–7 days/week. Adolescent and adult cannabis users were matched on cannabis use frequency (4 days/week) and time since last use (2.5 days). Verbal episodic memory (VEM) was assessed using the prose recall task, spatial working memory (SWM) was assessed using the spatial n-back task, and response inhibition was assessed with the stop-signal task. Primary outcome variables were: delayed recall, 3-back discriminability, and stop signal reaction time, respectively.

Results
Users had worse VEM than controls (F(1,268) = 7.423, p = 0.007). There were no significant differences between user-groups on SWM or response inhibition. Null differences were supported by Bayesian analyses. No significant interactions between age-group and user-group were found for VEM, SWM, or response inhibition.

Conclusions
Consistent with previous research, there was an association between chronic cannabis use and poorer VEM, but chronic cannabis use was not associated with SWM or response inhibition. We did not find evidence for heightened adolescent vulnerability to cannabis-related cognitive impairment.

Keywordscannabis; marijuana; adolescence; response inhibition; memory; working memory; verbal memory; episodic memory; cognition
Year2022
JournalPsychopharmacology
Journal citation239 (5), pp. 1629-1641
PublisherSpringer
ISSN0033-3158
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06143-3
PubMed ID35486121
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85129120526
PubMed Central IDPMC9110435
Open accessPublished as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range1629-1641
FunderMedical Research Council (MRC), United Kingdom
Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research
University College London Hospitals (UCLH)
UK Department of Health
Publisher's version
License
File Access Level
Open
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online29 Apr 2022
Publication process dates
Accepted07 Apr 2022
Deposited26 Jul 2023
Grant IDMR/P012728/1
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Individual and combined effects of acute delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on psychotomimetic symptoms and memory function
Celia Morgan, Tom P. Freeman, Chandni Hindocha, Grainne Schafer, Chelsea Gardner and H. Valerie Curran. (2018). Individual and combined effects of acute delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on psychotomimetic symptoms and memory function. Translational Psychiatry (online). 8(1), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0191-x
Cannabis Dampens the Effects of Music in Brain Regions Sensitive to Reward and Emotion
Tom P. Freeman, Rebecca A. Pope, Matthew B. Wall, James A. Bisby, Maartje Luijten, Chandni Hindocha, Claire Mokrysz, Will Lawn, Abigail Moss, Michael A. P. Bloomfield, Celia J. A. Morgan, David J. Nutt and H. Valerie Curran. (2018). Cannabis Dampens the Effects of Music in Brain Regions Sensitive to Reward and Emotion. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 21(1), pp. 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx082
Cannabidiol reverses attentional bias to cigarette cues in a human experimental model of tobacco withdrawal
Chandni Hindocha, Tom P. Freeman, Meryem Grabsk, Jack B. Stroud, Holly Crudgington, Alan C. Davies, Ravi K. Das, William Lawn, Celia Morgan and H. Valerie Curran. (2018). Cannabidiol reverses attentional bias to cigarette cues in a human experimental model of tobacco withdrawal. Addiction. 113(9), pp. 1696-1705. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14243
Amisulpride for very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: The ATLAS three-arm RCT
Howard, Robert, Cort, Elizabeth, Bradley, Rosie, Harper, Emma, Kelly, Linda, Bentham, Peter, Ritchie, Craig, Reeves, Suzanne, Fawzi, Waleed, Livingston, Gill, Sommerlad, Andrew, Oomman, Sabu, Nazir, Ejaz, Nilforooshan, Ramin, Barber, Robert, Fox, Chris, Macharouthu, Ajay, Ramachandra, Pranathi, Pattan, Vivek, ... Gray, Richard. (2018). Amisulpride for very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: The ATLAS three-arm RCT. Health Technology Assessment. 22(67), pp. 1 - 60. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta22670
Ketamine treatment for depression : Opportunities for clinical innovation and ethical foresight
Singh, Ilina, Morgan, Celia, Curran, Valerie, Nutt, David, Schlag, Anne and McShane, Rupert. (2017). Ketamine treatment for depression : Opportunities for clinical innovation and ethical foresight. The Lancet Psychiatry. 4(5), pp. 419-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30102-5
Anatomy of a Joint: Comparing Self-Reported and Actual Dose of Cannabis and Tobacco in a Joint, and How These Are Influenced by Controlled Acute Administration
Chandni Hindocha, Tom P. Freeman and H. Valerie Curran. (2017). Anatomy of a Joint: Comparing Self-Reported and Actual Dose of Cannabis and Tobacco in a Joint, and How These Are Influenced by Controlled Acute Administration. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. 2(1), pp. 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2017.0024
Acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of cannabis and tobacco both 'joint' and individually: A placebo-controlled trial
Hindocha, Chandni, Freeman, T. P., Xia, J. X., Shaban, Natacha D. C. and Curran, Helen V.. (2017). Acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of cannabis and tobacco both 'joint' and individually: A placebo-controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 47(15), pp. 2708 - 2719. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717001222
Editorial : Reporting guidelines for psychopharmacology
Steckler, Thomas, Curran, H. Valerie, de Wit, Harriet, Howes, Oliver, Hoyer, Daniel, Lucki, Irwin, Miczek, Klaus A., Morrow, A. Leslie, Price, Lawrence H. and Robbins, Trevor W.. (2016). Editorial : Reporting guidelines for psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacology. 233(7), pp. 1131-1134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4252-7
AKT1 genotype moderates the acute psychotomimetic effects of naturalistically smoked cannabis in young cannabis smokers
Morgan, Celia J. A., Freeman, T. P., Powell, J. and Curran, Helen V.. (2016). AKT1 genotype moderates the acute psychotomimetic effects of naturalistically smoked cannabis in young cannabis smokers. Translational Psychiatry. 6(2), pp. 1 - 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.219
Deconstructing the nature of episodic foresight deficits associated with chronic opiate use
Mercuri, Kimberly, Terrett, Gill, Bailey, Phoebe E., Henry, Julie D., Curran, Helen Valerie and Rendell, Peter G.. (2016). Deconstructing the nature of episodic foresight deficits associated with chronic opiate use. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 55(4), pp. 401 - 413. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12110
Are adolescents more vulnerable to the harmful effects of cannabis than adults? A placebo-controlled study in human males
Mokrysz, Claire, Freeman, Tom P., Korkki, S., Griffiths, K. and Curran, Helen V.. (2016). Are adolescents more vulnerable to the harmful effects of cannabis than adults? A placebo-controlled study in human males. Translational Psychiatry. 6(11), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.225
LSD enhances the emotional response to music
Kaelen, M., Barrett, F. S., Roseman, L., Lorenz, R., Family, N., Bolstridge, M., Curran, Helen V., Feilding, A., Nutt, David J. and Carhart-Harris, R. L.. (2015). LSD enhances the emotional response to music. Psychopharmacology. 232(19), pp. 3607 - 3614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-4014-y
Effects of immediate-release opioid on memory functioning: A randomized-controlled study in patients receiving sustained-release opioids
Kamboj, S. K., Conroy, L., Tookman, A., Carroll, E., Jones, L. and Curran, H.. (2014). Effects of immediate-release opioid on memory functioning: A randomized-controlled study in patients receiving sustained-release opioids. European Journal of Pain. 18(10), pp. 1376 - 1384. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.498.x
Effects of ecstasy on cooperative behaviour and perception of trustworthiness: A naturalistic study
Stewart, L. H., Ferguson, B., Morgan, C. J. A., Swaboda, N., Jones, L., Fenton, R., Wall, M. B. and Curran, H.. (2014). Effects of ecstasy on cooperative behaviour and perception of trustworthiness: A naturalistic study. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 28(11), pp. 1001 - 1008. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114544775
Prospective memory impairment in long-term opiate users
Terrett, Gillian, McLennan, Skye, Henry, Julie, Biernacki, Kathryn, Mercuri, Kimberly, Curran, Valerie and Rendell, Peter. (2014). Prospective memory impairment in long-term opiate users. Psychopharmacology. 231(13), pp. 2623 - 2632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3432-6
Benzodiazepines: Risks and benefits. A reconsideration
Baldwin, David S., Aitchison, Katherine, Bateson, Alan, Curran, H. Valerie, Davies, Simon, Leonard, Brian, Nutt, David J., Stephens, David N. and Wilson, Sue. (2013). Benzodiazepines: Risks and benefits. A reconsideration. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 27(11), pp. 967 - 971. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113503509
Prospective memory and future event simulation in individuals with alcohol dependence
Griffiths, Alison, Hill, Robert, Morgan, Celia, Rendell, Peter Gregory, Karimi, Khashayar, Wanagaratne, Shamil and Curran, Valerie. (2012). Prospective memory and future event simulation in individuals with alcohol dependence. Addiction. 107(10), pp. 1809 - 1816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03941.x
Neurocognitive function and schizophrenia-proneness in individuals dependent on ketamine, on high potency cannabis (skunk) or on cocaine
Morgan, Celia, Duffin, S., Hunt, S., Monaghan, L., Mason, O. and Curran, Helen. (2012). Neurocognitive function and schizophrenia-proneness in individuals dependent on ketamine, on high potency cannabis (skunk) or on cocaine. Pharmacopsychiatry. 45(7), pp. 269 - 274. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1306310