Are psychotic-like experiences related to a discontinuation of cannabis consumption in young adults?

Journal article


Daedelow, Laura S., Banaschewski, Tobias, Berning, Moritz, Bokde, Arun L. W., Brühl, Rüdiger, Burke Quinlan, Erin, Curran, H. Valerie, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Hardon, Anita, Kaminski, Jakob, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Murray, Hayley, Nees, Frauke, Oei, Nicole Y. L., ... IMAGEN Consortium. (2021). Are psychotic-like experiences related to a discontinuation of cannabis consumption in young adults? Schizophrenia Research. 228, pp. 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.002
AuthorsDaedelow, Laura S., Banaschewski, Tobias, Berning, Moritz, Bokde, Arun L. W., Brühl, Rüdiger, Burke Quinlan, Erin, Curran, H. Valerie, Desrivieres, Sylvane, Flor, Herta, Grigis, Antoine, Garavan, Hugh, Hardon, Anita, Kaminski, Jakob, Martinot, Jean-Luc, Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure, Artiges, Eric, Murray, Hayley, Nees, Frauke, Oei, Nicole Y. L., Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri, Paus, Tomáš, Poustka, Luise, Hohmann, Sarah, Millenet, Sabina, Rosenthal, Annika, Fröhner, Juliane H., Smolka, Michael N., Walter, Henrik, Whelan, Robert, Wiers, Reinout W., Schumann, Gunter, Heinz, Andreas, ERANID Consortium and IMAGEN Consortium
Abstract

Objective
To assess changes in cannabis use in young adults as a function of psychotic-like experiences.

Method
Participants were initially recruited at age 14 in high schools for the longitudinal IMAGEN study. All measures presented here were assessed at follow-ups at age 19 and at age 22, respectively. Perceived stress was only assessed once at age 22. Ever users of cannabis (N = 552) gave qualitative and quantitative information on cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences using the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE). Of those, nearly all n = 549 reported to have experienced at least one psychotic experience of any form at age 19.

Results
Mean cannabis use increased from age 19 to 22 and age of first use of cannabis was positively associated with a change in cannabis use between the two time points. Change in cannabis use was not significantly associated with psychotic-like experiences at age 19 or 22. In exploratory analysis, we observed a positive association between perceived stress and the experience of psychotic experiences at age 22.

Conclusion
Age of first use of cannabis influenced trajectories of young cannabis users with later onset leading to higher increase, whereas the frequency of psychotic-like experiences was not associated with a change in cannabis use. The observed association between perceived stress and psychotic-like experiences at age 22 emphasizes the importance of stress experiences in developing psychosis independent of cannabis use.

Keywordscannabis use; psychotic-like experiences; age of first use; perceived stress; cannabis discontinuation hypothesis
Year2021
JournalSchizophrenia Research
Journal citation228, pp. 271-279
PublisherElsevier B.V.
ISSN0920-9964
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.002
PubMed ID33493775
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85099685609
Page range271-279
FunderEuropean Union
European Research Council (ERC)
European Research Area Network on Illicit Drugs (ERANID)
Human Brain Project
Medical Research Council (MRC), United Kingdom
National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America
Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), France
Eranet Neuron
Fondation de France
Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
Mission Interministérielle de Lutte Contre les Drogues et les Conduites Addictives (MILDECA)
Assistance-Publique-Hôpitaux-de-Paris and Inserm
Paris Sud University
Fondation de l’Avenir
Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau
Science Foundation Ireland
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online23 Jan 2021
Publication process dates
Accepted03 Jan 2021
Deposited07 Aug 2023
Grant IDLSHM-CT- 2007-037286
695313
PR-ST-0416-10004
HBP SGA 2, 785907
HBP SGA 3, 945539
MR/N000390/1
R01DA049238
01GS08152
01EV0711
01EE1406A
01EE1406B
SM 80/7-2
SFB 940
TRR 265
NE 1383/14-1
MR/R00465X/1
MR/S020306/1
5U54EB020403-05
1R56AG058854-01
ANR-12-SAMA-0004
AAPG2019-GeBra
AF12-NEUR0008-01–WM2NA
ANR-18-NEUR00002-01–ADORe
00081242
DPA20140629802
AP-RM-17-013
16/ERCD/3797
RO1 MH085772-01A1
U54 EB020403
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Psilocybin with psychological support improves emotional face recognition in treatment-resistant depression
J.B. Stroud, Tom P. Freeman, Robert Leech, Chandni Hindocha, Will Lawn, D.J. Nutt, H. V. Curran and R. L. Carhart-Harris. (2018). Psilocybin with psychological support improves emotional face recognition in treatment-resistant depression. Psychopharmacology. 235(2), pp. 459-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4754-y
Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up
R. L. Carhart-Harris, M. Bolstridge, C.M.J. Day, J. Rucker, R. Watts, David Erritzoe, M. Kaelen, B. Giribaldi, M. A P Bloomfield, S. Pilling, J.A. Rickard, B. Forbes, A. Feilding, D. Taylor, H. V. Curran and D.J. Nutt. (2018). Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up. Psychopharmacology. 235(2), pp. 399-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-017-4771-x
Non-dependent and dependent daily cannabis users differ in mental health but not prospective memory ability
Ruth Braidwood, Samantha Mansell, Jon Waldron, Peter Rendell, Sunjeev Kamboj and H. Valerie Curran. (2018). Non-dependent and dependent daily cannabis users differ in mental health but not prospective memory ability. Frontiers in Psychiatry. 9(97), pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00097
Individual and combined effects of acute delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on psychotomimetic symptoms and memory function
Celia Morgan, Tom P. Freeman, Chandni Hindocha, Grainne Schafer, Chelsea Gardner and H. Valerie Curran. (2018). Individual and combined effects of acute delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on psychotomimetic symptoms and memory function. Translational Psychiatry (online). 8(1), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-018-0191-x
Cannabis Dampens the Effects of Music in Brain Regions Sensitive to Reward and Emotion
Tom P. Freeman, Rebecca A. Pope, Matthew B. Wall, James A. Bisby, Maartje Luijten, Chandni Hindocha, Claire Mokrysz, Will Lawn, Abigail Moss, Michael A. P. Bloomfield, Celia J. A. Morgan, David J. Nutt and H. Valerie Curran. (2018). Cannabis Dampens the Effects of Music in Brain Regions Sensitive to Reward and Emotion. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. 21(1), pp. 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx082
Cannabidiol reverses attentional bias to cigarette cues in a human experimental model of tobacco withdrawal
Chandni Hindocha, Tom P. Freeman, Meryem Grabsk, Jack B. Stroud, Holly Crudgington, Alan C. Davies, Ravi K. Das, William Lawn, Celia Morgan and H. Valerie Curran. (2018). Cannabidiol reverses attentional bias to cigarette cues in a human experimental model of tobacco withdrawal. Addiction. 113(9), pp. 1696-1705. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14243
Amisulpride for very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: The ATLAS three-arm RCT
Howard, Robert, Cort, Elizabeth, Bradley, Rosie, Harper, Emma, Kelly, Linda, Bentham, Peter, Ritchie, Craig, Reeves, Suzanne, Fawzi, Waleed, Livingston, Gill, Sommerlad, Andrew, Oomman, Sabu, Nazir, Ejaz, Nilforooshan, Ramin, Barber, Robert, Fox, Chris, Macharouthu, Ajay, Ramachandra, Pranathi, Pattan, Vivek, ... Gray, Richard. (2018). Amisulpride for very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis: The ATLAS three-arm RCT. Health Technology Assessment. 22(67), pp. 1 - 60. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta22670
Ketamine treatment for depression : Opportunities for clinical innovation and ethical foresight
Singh, Ilina, Morgan, Celia, Curran, Valerie, Nutt, David, Schlag, Anne and McShane, Rupert. (2017). Ketamine treatment for depression : Opportunities for clinical innovation and ethical foresight. The Lancet Psychiatry. 4(5), pp. 419-426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30102-5
Anatomy of a Joint: Comparing Self-Reported and Actual Dose of Cannabis and Tobacco in a Joint, and How These Are Influenced by Controlled Acute Administration
Chandni Hindocha, Tom P. Freeman and H. Valerie Curran. (2017). Anatomy of a Joint: Comparing Self-Reported and Actual Dose of Cannabis and Tobacco in a Joint, and How These Are Influenced by Controlled Acute Administration. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research. 2(1), pp. 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1089/can.2017.0024
Acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of cannabis and tobacco both 'joint' and individually: A placebo-controlled trial
Hindocha, Chandni, Freeman, T. P., Xia, J. X., Shaban, Natacha D. C. and Curran, Helen V.. (2017). Acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of cannabis and tobacco both 'joint' and individually: A placebo-controlled trial. Psychological Medicine. 47(15), pp. 2708 - 2719. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717001222
Editorial : Reporting guidelines for psychopharmacology
Steckler, Thomas, Curran, H. Valerie, de Wit, Harriet, Howes, Oliver, Hoyer, Daniel, Lucki, Irwin, Miczek, Klaus A., Morrow, A. Leslie, Price, Lawrence H. and Robbins, Trevor W.. (2016). Editorial : Reporting guidelines for psychopharmacology. Psychopharmacology. 233(7), pp. 1131-1134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4252-7
AKT1 genotype moderates the acute psychotomimetic effects of naturalistically smoked cannabis in young cannabis smokers
Morgan, Celia J. A., Freeman, T. P., Powell, J. and Curran, Helen V.. (2016). AKT1 genotype moderates the acute psychotomimetic effects of naturalistically smoked cannabis in young cannabis smokers. Translational Psychiatry. 6(2), pp. 1 - 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.219
Deconstructing the nature of episodic foresight deficits associated with chronic opiate use
Mercuri, Kimberly, Terrett, Gill, Bailey, Phoebe E., Henry, Julie D., Curran, Helen Valerie and Rendell, Peter G.. (2016). Deconstructing the nature of episodic foresight deficits associated with chronic opiate use. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 55(4), pp. 401 - 413. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12110
Are adolescents more vulnerable to the harmful effects of cannabis than adults? A placebo-controlled study in human males
Mokrysz, Claire, Freeman, Tom P., Korkki, S., Griffiths, K. and Curran, Helen V.. (2016). Are adolescents more vulnerable to the harmful effects of cannabis than adults? A placebo-controlled study in human males. Translational Psychiatry. 6(11), pp. 1 - 10. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.225
LSD enhances the emotional response to music
Kaelen, M., Barrett, F. S., Roseman, L., Lorenz, R., Family, N., Bolstridge, M., Curran, Helen V., Feilding, A., Nutt, David J. and Carhart-Harris, R. L.. (2015). LSD enhances the emotional response to music. Psychopharmacology. 232(19), pp. 3607 - 3614. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-015-4014-y
Effects of immediate-release opioid on memory functioning: A randomized-controlled study in patients receiving sustained-release opioids
Kamboj, S. K., Conroy, L., Tookman, A., Carroll, E., Jones, L. and Curran, H.. (2014). Effects of immediate-release opioid on memory functioning: A randomized-controlled study in patients receiving sustained-release opioids. European Journal of Pain. 18(10), pp. 1376 - 1384. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2014.498.x
Effects of ecstasy on cooperative behaviour and perception of trustworthiness: A naturalistic study
Stewart, L. H., Ferguson, B., Morgan, C. J. A., Swaboda, N., Jones, L., Fenton, R., Wall, M. B. and Curran, H.. (2014). Effects of ecstasy on cooperative behaviour and perception of trustworthiness: A naturalistic study. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 28(11), pp. 1001 - 1008. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881114544775
Prospective memory impairment in long-term opiate users
Terrett, Gillian, McLennan, Skye, Henry, Julie, Biernacki, Kathryn, Mercuri, Kimberly, Curran, Valerie and Rendell, Peter. (2014). Prospective memory impairment in long-term opiate users. Psychopharmacology. 231(13), pp. 2623 - 2632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3432-6
Benzodiazepines: Risks and benefits. A reconsideration
Baldwin, David S., Aitchison, Katherine, Bateson, Alan, Curran, H. Valerie, Davies, Simon, Leonard, Brian, Nutt, David J., Stephens, David N. and Wilson, Sue. (2013). Benzodiazepines: Risks and benefits. A reconsideration. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 27(11), pp. 967 - 971. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881113503509
Prospective memory and future event simulation in individuals with alcohol dependence
Griffiths, Alison, Hill, Robert, Morgan, Celia, Rendell, Peter Gregory, Karimi, Khashayar, Wanagaratne, Shamil and Curran, Valerie. (2012). Prospective memory and future event simulation in individuals with alcohol dependence. Addiction. 107(10), pp. 1809 - 1816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03941.x
Neurocognitive function and schizophrenia-proneness in individuals dependent on ketamine, on high potency cannabis (skunk) or on cocaine
Morgan, Celia, Duffin, S., Hunt, S., Monaghan, L., Mason, O. and Curran, Helen. (2012). Neurocognitive function and schizophrenia-proneness in individuals dependent on ketamine, on high potency cannabis (skunk) or on cocaine. Pharmacopsychiatry. 45(7), pp. 269 - 274. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1306310