The effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurses’ burnout : Findings from a comparative cross-sectional study

Journal article

Guo, Yu-fang, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Wang, Yan, Cross, Wendy and Zhang, Jing-ping. (2019). The effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurses’ burnout : Findings from a comparative cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28(3-4), pp. 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14637
AuthorsGuo, Yu-fang, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Wang, Yan, Cross, Wendy and Zhang, Jing-ping
Abstract

Aims and objectives
To investigate burnout among nurses from Australia and China and explore the effects of resilience and turnover intention on nurse burnout between the two countries.

Background
Nursing shortages and burnout have become serious problems worldwide in recent years. In both developed and developing countries, such as Australia and China, nurse burnout levels are high and therefore attract concern from nurse managers, hospital administrators, nurse educators and researchers. However, few studies have been conducted exploring the differences in burnout and its predictors between Australian and Chinese nurses, particularly investigating the differences in the effect sizes of the predictors.

Design
A comparative cross-sectional design was employed.

Methods
A total of 100 Australian nurses and 197 Chinese nurses participated in the study. Australian participants completed an online questionnaire, while Chinese participants completed a hardcopy questionnaire. Burnout, resilience and turnover intention were measured.

Results
Burnout was worse for Australian participants than Chinese participants. Only having turnover intention significantly predicted burnout in Australian participants, while low resilience, having turnover intention and low level of regular exercise strongly predicted burnout in Chinese participants. The effect size of turnover intention on burnout in the Australian group was almost twice that of the Chinese group.

Conclusion
The findings of this study show that there are differences in burnout between Australian and Chinese nurses. The effects of resilience and turnover intention on burnout between the two groups are also identified.

Relevance to clinical practice
The differences in nurse burnout and the effects of resilience and turnover intention on burnout should be better understood by nurse managers from Australia and China. Moreover, developing effective strategies relevant to their own country to reduce nurse burnout is recommended.

Keywordsburnout; nurses; resilience; stress
Year2019
JournalJournal of Clinical Nursing
Journal citation28 (3-4), pp. 499-508
PublisherJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd
ISSN0962-1067
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14637
PubMed ID30091259
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85052943121
Page range499-508
FunderHebei Social Science Funds Project
Hebei Higher Education Institutions
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online03 Sep 2018
Publication process dates
Accepted02 Aug 2018
Deposited11 Aug 2023
Grant IDHB18GL007
QN2018169
Permalink -

https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8z806/the-effects-of-resilience-and-turnover-intention-on-nurses-burnout-findings-from-a-comparative-cross-sectional-study

Log in to edit

Restricted files

Publisher's version

  • 88
    total views
  • 0
    total downloads
  • 6
    views this month
  • 0
    downloads this month
These values are for the period from 19th October 2020, when this repository was created.

Export as

Related outputs

An Anglosphere comparison of paramedicine regulatory frameworks and the influence on curricula : A descriptive comparative review
Weber, Anthony, Devenish, Anthony and Lam, Louisa Lok Yi. (2024). An Anglosphere comparison of paramedicine regulatory frameworks and the influence on curricula : A descriptive comparative review. Paramedicine. pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/27536386241249177
What are the facilitators and barriers experienced by sessional academics during the process of onboarding : A scoping review
Brouwer, Hendrika Jacoba, Griffiths, Semra, Jacob, Alycia, Ricks, Thomas Aaron, Schulz, Paula, Lavell, Sharni, Lam, Louisa and Jacob, Elisabeth. (2024). What are the facilitators and barriers experienced by sessional academics during the process of onboarding : A scoping review. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2024.2340987
Exploring the alignment between paramedicine's professional capabilities and competency frameworks for current and evolving scopes of practice : a literature review
Weber, Anthony, Devenish, Anthony and Lam, Louisa Lok Yi. (2024). Exploring the alignment between paramedicine's professional capabilities and competency frameworks for current and evolving scopes of practice : a literature review. BMC Medical Education. 24(1), pp. 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04992-w
What are the facilitators and barriers experienced by sessional academics during the process of onboarding: a scoping review
Brouwer, H., Griffiths, S., Jacob, A., Ricks, T., Schulz, P., Lam, L. and Jacob, E.. (2024). What are the facilitators and barriers experienced by sessional academics during the process of onboarding: a scoping review. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management. pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2024.2340987
The impact of COVID-19 on stress and resilience in undergraduate nursing students : A scoping review
Smith, Graeme, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi, Poon, Sara, Griffiths, Semra, Cross, Wendy, Rahman, Aziz and Watson, Roger. (2023). The impact of COVID-19 on stress and resilience in undergraduate nursing students : A scoping review. Nurse Education in Practice. 72, pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2023.103785
Perinatal outcomes among Indian-born mothers in Australia
Barthasarathy, Kanmani and Lam, Louisa. (2023). Perinatal outcomes among Indian-born mothers in Australia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 23(1), p. Article 595. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05897-8
Psychological distress, fear and coping strategies among hong kong people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Chair, Sek Ying, Chien, Wai Tong, Liu, Ting, Lam, Louisa, Cross, Wendy, Banik, Biswajit and Rahman, Muhammad Aziz. (2023). Psychological distress, fear and coping strategies among hong kong people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current Psychology. 42(3), pp. 2538-2557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02338-7
“Resisting social identity threat and maintaining resilience” : A qualitative study of Chinese parents following the loss of an only child
Wang, Anni, Guo, Yufang, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa, Plummer, Virginia, Zhang, Wen and Zhang, Jingping. (2022). “Resisting social identity threat and maintaining resilience” : A qualitative study of Chinese parents following the loss of an only child. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy. pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001262
Associations between perceived overqualification, organisational commitment and work passion of nurses : A multicentre cross-sectional study
Guo, Yu-Fang, Wang, Ying, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa and Wang, Ke-fang. (2022). Associations between perceived overqualification, organisational commitment and work passion of nurses : A multicentre cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management. 30(5), pp. 1273-1282. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13610
Quality of life in cancer patients with different preferences for nurse spiritual therapeutics : The role of psychological capital
Guo, Yu-Fang, Wang, Ke-Fang, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa, Plummer, Virginia and LI, Jing. (2022). Quality of life in cancer patients with different preferences for nurse spiritual therapeutics : The role of psychological capital. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 78(4), pp. 991-1000. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15023
Air pollution perception in ten countries during the COVID-19 pandemic
Lou, Baowen, Barbieri, Diego Maria, Passavanti, Marco, Hui, Cang, Gupta, Akshay, Hoff, Inge, Lessa, Daniela Antunes, Sikka, Gaurav, Chang, Kevin, Fang, Kevin, Lam, Louisa, Maharaj, Brij, Ghasemi, Navid, Qiao, Yaning, Adomako, Solomon, Foroutan Mirhosseini, Ali, Naik, Bhaven, Banerjee, Arunabha, Wang, Fusong, ... Agarwal, Nithin. (2022). Air pollution perception in ten countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ambio. 51(3), pp. 531-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01574-2
Factors influencing the transition and retention of mental health nurses during the initial years of practice : Scoping review
Joseph, Bindu, Jacob, Sini, Lam, Louisa and Rahman, Muhammad Aziz. (2022). Factors influencing the transition and retention of mental health nurses during the initial years of practice : Scoping review. Journal of Nursing Management. 30(8), pp. 4274-4284. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13882
Nurse leadership in promoting and supporting civility in health care settings : A scoping review
Ota, Marianne, Lam, Louisa, Gilbert, Julia and Hills, Danny. (2022). Nurse leadership in promoting and supporting civility in health care settings : A scoping review. Journal of Nursing Management. 30, pp. 4221-4233. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13883
Associations between perceived overqualification, transformational leadership and burnout in nurses from intensive care units : A multicentre survey
Guo, Yu-Fang, Fan, Jun-Ying, Lam, Louisa, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy, Ma, Yue-Zhen, Wang, Yu-Fen and Jia, Yan-Nan. (2022). Associations between perceived overqualification, transformational leadership and burnout in nurses from intensive care units : A multicentre survey. Journal of Nursing Management. 30(7), pp. 3330-3339. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13774
Assessment of emergency department staff awareness, access and utilisation of advance care directives and goals of care : A cross-sectional survey
Osman, Abdi D., Howell, Jocelyn, Smithies, Lisa, Wilson, Damian, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi, Moran, Juli, Jones, Daryl and Taylor, David M.. (2021). Assessment of emergency department staff awareness, access and utilisation of advance care directives and goals of care : A cross-sectional survey. Australasian Emergency Care. 25(3), pp. 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.auec.2021.12.002
Undergraduate health professional students’ team communication in simulated emergency settings : A scoping review
Bourke, Sharon L., Cooper, Simon, Lam, Louisa and McKenna, Lisa. (2021). Undergraduate health professional students’ team communication in simulated emergency settings : A scoping review. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 60, pp. 42-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2021.07.004
Chinese mental health professionals’ perceptions of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia : A qualitative study
Huang, Chongmei, Lam, Louisa, Zhong, Yaping, Plummer, Virginia and Cross, Wendy. (2021). Chinese mental health professionals’ perceptions of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia : A qualitative study. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 30(1), pp. 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12771_1
Association between psychological capital and spiritual care competencies of clinical nurses : A multicentre cross-sectional study
Guo, Yu-Fang, Cross, Wendy M., Lam, Louisa, Plummer, Virginia, Wang, Xin-Xin and Wang, Shuang-Shuang. (2021). Association between psychological capital and spiritual care competencies of clinical nurses : A multicentre cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management. 29(6), pp. 1713-1722. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13303
Feasibility of brief distress screening for family caregivers of adults diagnosed with schizophrenia in Changsha, Hunan, China
Guan, Ziyao, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa, Wiley, James A., Sun, Mei, Bai, Xiaoling and Tang, Siyuan. (2021). Feasibility of brief distress screening for family caregivers of adults diagnosed with schizophrenia in Changsha, Hunan, China. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 28(2), pp. 174-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12663
The way we do things around here. A qualitative study of the workplace aggression experiences of Victorian nurses, midwives and care personnel
Hills, Sharon, Crawford, Kimberley, Lam, Louisa and Hills, Danny. (2021). The way we do things around here. A qualitative study of the workplace aggression experiences of Victorian nurses, midwives and care personnel. Collegian. 28(1), pp. 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2020.02.012
Severity of illness and distress in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia : Do internalized stigma and caregiving burden mediate the relationship?
Guan, Ziyao, Wang, Yuwei, Lam, Louisa, Cross, Wendy, Wiley, James A., Huang, Chongmei, Bai, Xiaoling, Sun, Mei and Tang, Siyuan. (2021). Severity of illness and distress in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia : Do internalized stigma and caregiving burden mediate the relationship? Journal of Advanced Nursing. 77(3), pp. 1258-1270. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14648
Influence of core competence on voice behavior of clinical nurses : A multicenter cross-sectional study
Guo, Yu-fang, Wang, Xin-Xin, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi and Wang, Shuang-Shuang. (2021). Influence of core competence on voice behavior of clinical nurses : A multicenter cross-sectional study. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 14, pp. 501-510. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S309565
Condom use consistency and associated factors among college student men who have sex with men from seven colleges in changsha city : A cross-sectional survey
Wang, Honghong, Yu, Simin, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa, Banik, Biswajit and Zhang, Kaili. (2021). Condom use consistency and associated factors among college student men who have sex with men from seven colleges in changsha city : A cross-sectional survey. HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care. 13, pp. 557-569. https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S305932
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes
Barbieri, Diego Maria, Lou, Baowen, Passavanti, Marco, Hui, Cang, Hoff, Inge, Lessa, Daniela Antunes, Sikka, Gaurav, Chang, Kevin, Gupta, Akshay, Fang, Kevin, Banerjee, Arunabha, Maharaj, Brij, Lam, Louisa, Ghasemi, Navid, Naik, Bhaven, Wang, Fusong, Mirhosseini, Ali Foroutan, Naseri, Sahra, Liu, Zhuangzhuang, ... Rashidi, Taha Hossein. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mobility in ten countries and associated perceived risk for all transport modes. PLoS ONE. 16(2), p. Article e0245886. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245886
Feeling responsible : Family caregivers’ attitudes and experiences of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia : A qualitative study
Huang, Chongmei, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi, Plummer, Virginia and Cross, Wendy. (2021). Feeling responsible : Family caregivers’ attitudes and experiences of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia : A qualitative study. Patient Education and Counseling. 104(7), pp. 1553-1559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.10.032
Willingness, preferred ways and potential barriers to use pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in China
Yu, Simin, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi, Zhang, Kaili, Banik, Biswajit, Li, Xianhong and Wang, Honghong. (2021). Willingness, preferred ways and potential barriers to use pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among men who have sex with men in China. BMJ Open. 11(10), p. Article e053634. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053634
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and endotracheal intubation decisions for adults with advance care directive and resuscitation plans in the emergency department
Osman, Abdi D., Rahman, Aziz, Lam, Louisa Lok Yi, Lin, Chien-Che, Yeoh, Michael, Judkins, Simon, Pratten, Neely, Moran, Juli and Jones, Daryl. (2020). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and endotracheal intubation decisions for adults with advance care directive and resuscitation plans in the emergency department. Australasian Emergency Care. 23(4), pp. 247-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.auec.2020.05.003
Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in Australian emergency nurses : A descriptive cross-sectional study
O'Callaghan, Erin L., Lam, Louisa, Cant, Robyn and Moss, Cheryle. (2020). Compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in Australian emergency nurses : A descriptive cross-sectional study. International Emergency Nursing. 48, p. Article 100785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2019.06.008
I am the person who knows myself best : Perception on shared decision-making among hospitalized people diagnosed with schizophrenia in China
Huang, Chongmei, Plummer, Virginia, Wang, Yun, Lam, Louisa and Cross, Wendy. (2020). I am the person who knows myself best : Perception on shared decision-making among hospitalized people diagnosed with schizophrenia in China. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 29(5), pp. 846-855. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12718
Impact of WeChat-based 'three good things' on turnover intention and coping style in burnout nurses
Guo, Yu-Fang, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy, Lam, Louisa and Zhang, Jing-Ping. (2020). Impact of WeChat-based 'three good things' on turnover intention and coping style in burnout nurses. Journal of Nursing Management. 28(7), pp. 1570-1577. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13111
Non-pharmacological depression therapies for older Chinese adults : A systematic review & meta-analysis
Gill, Baljit Kaur, Cant, Robyn, Lam, Louisa, Cooper, Simon and Lou, Vivian Wei Qun. (2020). Non-pharmacological depression therapies for older Chinese adults : A systematic review & meta-analysis. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 88, p. Article 104037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2020.104037
Perceptions of shared decision-making in severe mental illness : An integrative review
Huang, Chongmei, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa and Cross, Wendy. (2020). Perceptions of shared decision-making in severe mental illness : An integrative review. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 27(2), pp. 103-127. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12558
Translation and psychometric testing of a decision-making scale
Huang, Chongmei, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa and Cross, Wendy. (2020). Translation and psychometric testing of a decision-making scale. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 27(5), pp. 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12601
Shared decision-making in serious mental illness : A comparative study
Huang, Chongmei, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa and Cross, Wendy. (2020). Shared decision-making in serious mental illness : A comparative study. Patient Education and Counseling. 103(8), pp. 1637-1644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.03.009
A WeChat-based “three good things” positive psychotherapy for the improvement of job performance and self-efficacy in nurses with burnout symptoms : A randomized controlled trial
Guo, Yu-Fang, Lam, Louisa, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy and Zhang, Jing-Ping. (2020). A WeChat-based “three good things” positive psychotherapy for the improvement of job performance and self-efficacy in nurses with burnout symptoms : A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nursing Management. 28(3), pp. 480-487. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12927
Hospital nurses' simulation-based education regarding patient safety : A scoping review
Cant, Robyn P., Cooper, Simon J. and Lam, Louisa L.. (2020). Hospital nurses' simulation-based education regarding patient safety : A scoping review. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 44, pp. 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecns.2019.11.006
A study protocol of mobile phone app-based cognitive behaviour training for the prevention of postpartum depression among high-risk mothers
Sun, Mei, Tang, Siyuan, Chen, Jiarui, Li, Ying, Bai, Wenhui, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Qin, Chunxiang and Cross, Wendy M.. (2019). A study protocol of mobile phone app-based cognitive behaviour training for the prevention of postpartum depression among high-risk mothers. BMC Public Health. 19(1), p. Article 710. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6941-8
The risk factors of antenatal depression : A cross-sectional survey
Chen, Jiarui, Cross, Wendy M., Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Sun, Mei, Qin, Chunxiang and Tang, Siyuan. (2019). The risk factors of antenatal depression : A cross-sectional survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28(19-20), pp. 3599-3609. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14955
Using the theory of planned behaviour to predict nurse's intention to undertake dual practice in China : A multicentre survey
Bai, Xiaoling, Wang, Anni, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Cross, Wendy, Guan, Ziyao, Hu, Xin, Sun, Mei and Tang, Siyuan. (2019). Using the theory of planned behaviour to predict nurse's intention to undertake dual practice in China : A multicentre survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 28(11-12), pp. 2101-2110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14791
An evaluation of a positive psychological intervention to reduce burnout among nurses
Luo, Yuan-hui, Li, Hui, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy M., Lam, Louisa, Guo, Yu-fang, Yin, Yi-zhen and Zhang, Jing-ping. (2019). An evaluation of a positive psychological intervention to reduce burnout among nurses. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. 33(6), pp. 186-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2019.08.004
A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Chinese immigrant women
Chen, Jiarui, Cross, Wendy M., Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa and Tang, Siyuan. (2019). A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in Chinese immigrant women. Women and Birth. 32(6), pp. 487-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.11.019
Newly qualified graduate nurses’ experiences of workplace incivility in Australian hospital settings
Mammen, Bindu, Hills, Danny J. and Lam, Louisa. (2018). Newly qualified graduate nurses’ experiences of workplace incivility in Australian hospital settings. Collegian. 25(6), pp. 591-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.08.003
Burnout and its association with resilience in nurses : A cross-sectional study
Guo, Yu-fang, Luo, Yuan-hui, Lam, Louisa, Cross, Wendy, Plummer, Virginia and Zhang, Jing-ping. (2018). Burnout and its association with resilience in nurses : A cross-sectional study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 27(1-2), pp. 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13952
Workplace aggression experiences and responses of Victorian nurses, midwives and care personnel
Hills, Danny, Lam, Louisa and Hills, Sharon. (2018). Workplace aggression experiences and responses of Victorian nurses, midwives and care personnel. Collegian. 25(6), pp. 575-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2018.09.003
The efficacy of different modes of analgesia in postoperative pain management and early mobilization in postoperative cardiac surgical patients : A systematic review
Nachiyunde, Brenda and Lam, Louisa. (2018). The efficacy of different modes of analgesia in postoperative pain management and early mobilization in postoperative cardiac surgical patients : A systematic review. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 21(4), pp. 363-370. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_186_17
Positive psychotherapy for depression and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing students : A randomized, controlled trial
Guo, Yu-Fang, Zhang, Xia, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Cross, Wendy and Zhang, Jing-Ping. (2017). Positive psychotherapy for depression and self-efficacy in undergraduate nursing students : A randomized, controlled trial. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. 26(4), pp. 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12255
Female nurses’ burnout symptoms : No association with the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis
Guo, Yufang, Lam, Louisa, Luo, Yuanhui, Plummer, Virginia, Cross, Wendy, Li, Hui, Yin, Yizhen and Zhang, Jingping. (2017). Female nurses’ burnout symptoms : No association with the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid (HPT) axis. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 77, pp. 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.11.020
Exploring resilience in Chinese nurses : A cross-sectional study
Guo, Yu-Fang, Cross, Wendy, Plummer, Virginia, Lam, Louisa, Luo, Yuan-Hui and Zhang, Jing-Ping. (2017). Exploring resilience in Chinese nurses : A cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management. 25(3), pp. 223-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12457