Stressed and not sleeping : Poor sleep and psychological stress in elite athletes prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games
Journal article
Halson, Shona L., Appaneal, Renee N., Welvaert, Marijke, Maniar, Nirav and Drew, Michael K.. (2022). Stressed and not sleeping : Poor sleep and psychological stress in elite athletes prior to the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 17(2), pp. 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0117
Authors | Halson, Shona L., Appaneal, Renee N., Welvaert, Marijke, Maniar, Nirav and Drew, Michael K. |
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Abstract | Purpose: Psychological stress is reported to be an important contributor to reduced sleep quality and quantity observed in elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between psychological stress and sleep and to identify if specific aspects of sleep are disturbed. Methods: One hundred thirty-one elite athletes (mean [SD], male: n = 46, age 25.8 [4.1] y; female: n = 85, age 24.3 [3.9] y) from a range of sports completed a series of questionnaires in a 1-month period approximately 4 months before the 2016 Rio Olympic Games. Questionnaires included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Recovery-Stress Questionnaire; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21); and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Regression analysis identified the PSS and DASS stress as the main variables associated with sleep. A PSS score of 6.5 or higher was associated with poor sleep. In addition, a PSS score lower than 6.5 combined with a DASS stress score higher than 4.5 was also associated with poor sleep. Univariate analyses on subcomponents of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index confirmed that PSS is associated with lower sleep quality (t99 = 2.40, P = .018), increased sleep disturbances (t99 = 3.37, P = .001), and increased daytime dysfunction (t99 = 2.93, P = .004). DASS stress was associated with increased sleep latency (t94 = 2.73, P = .008), increased sleep disturbances (t94 = 2.25, P = .027), and increased daytime dysfunction (t94 = 3.58, P = .001). Conclusions: A higher stress state and higher perceived stress were associated with poorer sleep, in particular increased sleep disturbances and increased daytime dysfunction. Data suggest that relatively low levels of psychological stress are associated with poor sleep in elite athletes. |
Keywords | observational study; sleep quality; disurbed sleep |
Year | 2022 |
Journal | International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance |
Journal citation | 17 (2), pp. 195-202 |
Publisher | Human Kinetics, Inc. |
ISSN | 1555-0265 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0117 |
PubMed ID | 34548422 |
Scopus EID | 2-s2.0-85124576712 |
Page range | 195-202 |
Funder | High Performance Sport Research Funds (HPSRF), Australian Institute of Sport |
Centre of Excellence and Applied Sport Science Research | |
Griffith University | |
Publisher's version | License All rights reserved File Access Level Controlled |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 21 Sep 2021 |
Publication process dates | |
Deposited | 16 Oct 2023 |
Grant ID | CoE056 |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/8zvy6/stressed-and-not-sleeping-poor-sleep-and-psychological-stress-in-elite-athletes-prior-to-the-rio-2016-olympic-games
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