Alcohol warning label awareness and attention : A multi-method study

Journal article

Pham, Cuong, Rundle-Thiele, Sharyn, Parkinson, Joy and Li, Shanshi. (2018). Alcohol warning label awareness and attention : A multi-method study. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 53(1), pp. 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agx087
AuthorsPham, Cuong, Rundle-Thiele, Sharyn, Parkinson, Joy and Li, Shanshi
Abstract

Aims
Evaluation of alcohol warning labels requires careful consideration ensuring that research captures more than awareness given that labels may not be prominent enough to attract attention. This study investigates attention of current in market alcohol warning labels and examines whether attention can be enhanced through theoretically informed design. Attention scores obtained through self-report methods are compared to objective measures (eye-tracking).

Methods
A multi-method experimental design was used delivering four conditions, namely control, colour, size and colour and size. The first study (n = 559) involved a self-report survey to measure attention. The second study (n = 87) utilized eye-tracking to measure fixation count and duration and time to first fixation. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized.

Results
Eye-tracking identified that 60% of participants looked at the current in market alcohol warning label while 81% looked at the optimized design (larger and red). In line with observed attention self-reported attention increased for the optimized design.

Conclusions
The current study casts doubt on dominant practices (largely self-report), which have been used to evaluate alcohol warning labels. Awareness cannot be used to assess warning label effectiveness in isolation in cases where attention does not occur 100% of the time. Mixed methods permit objective data collection methodologies to be triangulated with surveys to assess warning label effectiveness.

Short summary
Attention should be incorporated as a measure in warning label effectiveness evaluations. Colour and size changes to the existing Australian warning labels aided by theoretically informed design increased attention.

Keywordsethanol; casts; surgical; color; self-report; eye-tracking
Year2018
JournalAlcohol and Alcoholism
Journal citation53 (1), pp. 39-45
PublisherOxford University Press
ISSN0735-0414
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agx087
PubMed ID29136096
Scopus EID2-s2.0-85040522361
Page range39-45
Publisher's version
License
All rights reserved
File Access Level
Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
Online09 Nov 2017
Publication process dates
Accepted18 Oct 2017
Deposited19 Oct 2023
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