Corporal punishment of children in Australia : The evidence-based case for legislative reform

Journal article

Havighurst, Sophie S., Mathews, Ben, Doyle, Frances L., Haslam, Divna M., Andriessen, Karl, Cubillo, Carmen, Dawe, Sharon, Hawes, David J., Leung, Cynthia, Mazzucchelli, Trevor G., Morawska, Alina, Whittle, Sarah, Chainey, Carys and Higgins, Daryl J.. (2023). Corporal punishment of children in Australia : The evidence-based case for legislative reform. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 47(3), pp. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100044

Publication dates
Authors	Havighurst, Sophie S., Mathews, Ben, Doyle, Frances L., Haslam, Divna M., Andriessen, Karl, Cubillo, Carmen, Dawe, Sharon, Hawes, David J., Leung, Cynthia, Mazzucchelli, Trevor G., Morawska, Alina, Whittle, Sarah, Chainey, Carys and Higgins, Daryl J.
Abstract	Objective Across all of Australia’s states and territories, it is legal for a parent or carer to hit their child. In this paper, we outline the legal context for corporal punishment in Australia and the argument for its reform. Methods We review the laws that allow corporal punishment, the international agreements on children’s rights, the evidence on the effects of corporal punishment, and outcomes of legislative reform in countries that have changed their laws to prohibit corporal punishment. Results Legislative reform typically precedes attitude changes and reductions in the use of corporal punishment. Countries with the most ideal outcomes have instigated public health campaigns educating the population about law reform while also providing access to alternative non-violent discipline strategies. Conclusions Extensive evidence exists demonstrating the adverse effects of corporal punishment. When countries change legislation, educate the public about these effects, and provide alternative strategies for parents, rates of corporal punishment decrease. Implications for Public Health We recommend law reform in Australia to prohibit corporal punishment, a public health campaign to increase awareness of corporal punishment and its effects, provision of access for parents to alternative evidence-based strategies to assist in parenting, and a national parenting survey to monitor outcomes.
Keywords	corporal punishment; Australia; law change; children; parents
Year	2023
Journal	Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
Journal citation	47 (3), pp. 1-10
Publisher	Elsevier B.V.
ISSN	1326-0200
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100044
PubMed ID	37142485
Scopus EID	2-s2.0-85162162592
Open access	Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access
Page range	1-10
Funder	Australian Research Council (ARC)
Publisher's version	OA_Havighurst_2023_Corporal_punishment_of_children_in_Australia.pdf License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 File Access Level Open
Output status	Published
Online	02 May 2023
Publication process dates
Accepted	01 Mar 2023
Deposited	20 Dec 2023
ARC Funded Research	This output has been funded, wholly or partially, under the Australian Research Council Act 2001

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Doidge, James C., Higgins, Daryl J., Delfabbro, Paul and Segal, Leonie. (2017). Risk factors for child maltreatment in an Australian population-based birth cohort. Child Abuse and Neglect. 64, pp. 47 - 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.002

Public health models for preventing child maltreatment: Applications from the field of injury prevention

Scott, Debbie, Lonne, Bob and Higgins, Daryl. (2016). Public health models for preventing child maltreatment: Applications from the field of injury prevention. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse. 17(4), pp. 408 - 419. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016658877

How can child welfare and youth-serving organisations keep children safe?

Higgins, Daryl J., Kaufman, Keith and Erooga, Marcus. (2016). How can child welfare and youth-serving organisations keep children safe? Developing Practice.

Conceptualising the prevention of child sexual abuse

Quadara, Antonia, Nagy, Vicky, Higgins, Daryl and Siegel, Natalie. (2015). Conceptualising the prevention of child sexual abuse Australia: Australian Institute of Family Studies, Australian Government.

A public health approach to enhancing safe and supportive family environments for children

Higgins, Daryl J.. (2015). A public health approach to enhancing safe and supportive family environments for children. Family Matters. 96, pp. 39 - 52.

The Stronger Families in Australia (SFIA) study: Phase 2

Edwards, Ben, Mullan, Killian, Katz, Lian and Higgins, Daryl. (2014). The Stronger Families in Australia (SFIA) study: Phase 2 Australia: Australian Institute of Family Studies, Australian Government.

Complex family issues: Collective awareness, common narratives and coordinated approaches to promoting resilience

Hayes, Alan and Higgins, Daryl. (2014). Complex family issues: Collective awareness, common narratives and coordinated approaches to promoting resilience. In In A. Hayes and D. Higgins (Ed.). Families, policy and the law: Selected essays on contemporary issues for Australia pp. 299 - 303 Australian Institute of Family Studies, Australian Government.

Weaving a common narrative: An introduction to essays on families, policy and the law in Australia

Hayes, Alan and Higgins, Daryl. (2014). Weaving a common narrative: An introduction to essays on families, policy and the law in Australia. In Families, policy and the law: Selected essays on contemporary issues for Australia pp. 1 - 4 Australian Institute of Family Studies, Australian Government.

Past adoption practices: Implications for current interventions

Higgins, Daryl. (2014). Past adoption practices: Implications for current interventions. 36(4), pp. 8 - 11.

Contemporary issues in child protection intake, referral and family support

Bromfield, Leah, Arney, Fiona and Higgins, Daryl. (2014). Contemporary issues in child protection intake, referral and family support. In In A. Hayes and D. Higgins (Ed.). Families, policy and the law: Selected essays on contemporary issues for Australia pp. 121 - 129 Australian Institute of Family Studies, Australian Government.

Reform, (r)evolution and lingering Effects: Family policies in Australia

Higgins, Daryl J.. (2014). Reform, (r)evolution and lingering Effects: Family policies in Australia. In In M. Robila (Ed.). Handbook of family policies across the globe pp. 335 - 353 Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6771-7_22

Past adoption practices: Key messages for service delivery responses and current policies

Kenny, Pauline and Higgins, Daryl. (2014). Past adoption practices: Key messages for service delivery responses and current policies. In In A. Hayes and D. Higgins (Ed.). Families, policy and the law: Selected essays on contemporary issues for Australia pp. 29 - 38 Australian Institute of Family Studies, Australian Government.

Multi-type maltreatment and polyvictimisation: A comparison of two research frameworks

Price-Robertson, Rhys, Higgins, Daryl J. and Vassallo, Suzanne. (2013). Multi-type maltreatment and polyvictimisation: A comparison of two research frameworks. Family Matters. 93, pp. 84 - 98.

Past adoption experiences: Impacts, insights and implications for policy and practice

Kenny, Pauline, Higgins, Daryl, Sweid, Reem and Soloff, Carol. (2013). Past adoption experiences: Impacts, insights and implications for policy and practice. Children and Families Australia. 7(1), pp. 35 - 46.

Past adoption experiences: Impacts, insights and implications for policy and practice

Kenny, Pauline, Higgins, Daryl, Sweid, Reem and Soloff, Carol. (2013). Past adoption experiences: Impacts, insights and implications for policy and practice. Communities, Children and Families. 7(1), pp. 35 - 46.

Families make all the difference: Helping kids to grow and learn

Baxter, Jennifer, Higgins, Daryl J. and Hayes, Alan. (2012). Families make all the difference: Helping kids to grow and learn. Family Matters. 90, pp. 98 - 105.

Child abuse and neglect in Australia's Northern Territory: The Northern Territory Emergency Response

Higgins, Daryl and Scott, Debbie. (2012). Child abuse and neglect in Australia's Northern Territory: The Northern Territory Emergency Response. In In H. Dubowitz (Ed.). World perspectives on child abuse pp. 69 - 75 International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect.

Contemporary militant extremism: A linguistic approach to scale development

Stankov, Lazar, Higgins, D., Saucier, Gerard and Knezevic, Goran. (2012). Contemporary militant extremism: A linguistic approach to scale development. In In G. J. Boyle, Donald H. Saklofske and G. Matthews (Ed.). Psychological Assessment pp. 41 - 67 SAGE Publications Inc..

Corporal punishment of children in Australia : The evidence-based case for legislative reform

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