The Impact of a Short-Term Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Biomarkers of Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Journal article
McKay, Alannah Kelli Anique, Wallett, Alice M., McKune, Andrew, Periard, Julien, Saunders, Philo, Whitfield, Jamie, Tee, Nicolin, Heikura, Ida, Ross, Megan Louise Rhys, Sharma, Avish P., Costa, Ricardo J.S. and Burke, Louise Mary. (2023). The Impact of a Short-Term Ketogenic Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet on Biomarkers of Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Gastrointestinal Symptoms. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 33(6), pp. 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0009
Authors | McKay, Alannah Kelli Anique, Wallett, Alice M., McKune, Andrew, Periard, Julien, Saunders, Philo, Whitfield, Jamie, Tee, Nicolin, Heikura, Ida, Ross, Megan Louise Rhys, Sharma, Avish P., Costa, Ricardo J.S. and Burke, Louise Mary |
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Abstract | Endurance exercise can disturb intestinal epithelial integrity, leading to increased systemic indicators of cell injury, hyperpermeability, and pathogenic translocation. However, the interaction between exercise, diet, and gastrointestinal disturbance still warrants exploration. This study examined whether a 6-day dietary intervention influenced perturbations to intestinal epithelial disruption in response to a 25-km race walk. Twenty-eight male race walkers adhered to a high carbohydrate (CHO)/energy diet (65% CHO, energy availability = 40 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1) for 6 days prior to a Baseline 25-km race walk. Athletes were then split into three subgroups: high CHO/energy diet (n = 10); low-CHO, high-fat diet (LCHF: n = 8; <50 g/day CHO, energy availability = 40 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1); and low energy availability (n = 10; 65% CHO, energy availability = 15 kcal·kg FFM−1·day−1) for a further 6-day dietary intervention period prior to a second 25-km race walk (Adaptation). During both trials, venous blood was collected pre-, post-, and 1 hr postexercise and analyzed for markers of intestinal epithelial disruption. Intestinal fatty acid-binding protein concentration was significantly higher (twofold increase) in response to exercise during Adaptation compared to Baseline in the LCHF group (p = .001). Similar findings were observed for soluble CD14 (p < .001) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (p = .003), where postexercise concentrations were higher (53% and 36%, respectively) during Adaptation than Baseline in LCHF. No differences in high CHO/energy diet or low energy availability were apparent for any blood markers assessed (p > .05). A short-term LCHF diet increased intestinal epithelial cell injury in response to a 25-km race walk. No effect of low energy availability on gastrointestinal injury or symptoms was observed. |
Keywords | LEA; I-FABP; bacterial endotoxin; FODMAP |
Year | 01 Jan 2023 |
Journal | International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism |
Journal citation | 33 (6), pp. 305-315 |
Publisher | Human Kinetics Publishers |
ISSN | 1526-484X |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0009 |
Web address (URL) | https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijsnem/33/6/article-p305.xml |
Open access | Published as non-open access |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 305-315 |
Publisher's version | License All rights reserved File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 11 Aug 2023 |
Publication process dates | |
Completed | Nov 2023 |
Deposited | 05 Feb 2024 |
Additional information | © 2023 Human Kinetics, Inc. |
Place of publication | United States |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/90171/the-impact-of-a-short-term-ketogenic-low-carbohydrate-high-fat-diet-on-biomarkers-of-intestinal-epithelial-integrity-and-gastrointestinal-symptoms
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McKay_2023_The_impact_of_a_short-term.pdf | |
License: All rights reserved | |
File access level: Open |
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