Callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems : Applying the two-factor model of psychopathy to children

Book chapter

Frick, Paul Joseph. (2018). Callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems : Applying the two-factor model of psychopathy to children. In Psychopathy: Theory, Research and Implications for Society pp. 161-187 Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811323-3.00006-7

Publication dates
Authors	Frick, Paul Joseph
Abstract	This chapter provides a summary of research on the use of callous–unemotional (CU) traits for designating a distinct and important subgroup of youth with serious conduct problems. The chapter starts by tying the construct of CU traits to research on the affective components of psychopathy, research on the normal development of conscience, and past attempts to find meaningful subtypes within children and adolescents with serious conduct problems. We then provide a review of research suggesting that CU traits designate a clinically important subgroup of antisocial youth who show more severe aggression and more severe and stable patterns of conduct problems. We also review research showing distinct genetic, biological, emotional, cognitive, family, and peer correlates to conduct problems in children with elevated CU traits and then provide a theoretical model for how these correlates may help to explain different causal pathways to serious conduct problems in youth with and without elevated CU traits. Finally, we conclude with the implications of this research on CU traits for diagnosis and treatment, focusing specifically on the new specifier the diagnosis of Conduct Disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders called “with Limited Prosocial Emotions” that is defined by the presence of CU traits.
Keywords	Pediatrics; Behavior disorders in children; Child psychopathology
Page range	161-187
Year	01 Jan 2018
Book title	Psychopathy: Theory, Research and Implications for Society
Publisher	Elsevier
Place of publication	United States
Edition	88
ISBN	978-0-7923-4920-4
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)	https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811323-3.00006-7
Web address (URL)	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780128113233000067?via=ihub
Open access	Published as non-open access
Research or scholarly	Research
Publisher's version	License All rights reserved File Access Level Controlled
Output status	Published
Online	22 Jun 2018
Publication process dates
Deposited	01 Feb 2024
Additional information	Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Brislin, Sarah J., Yancey, James R., Perkins, Emily R., Palumbo, Isabella M., Drislane, Laura E., Salekin, Randall T., Fanti, K A., Kimonis, Eva R., Frick, Paul, Blair, R. J.R. and Patrick, Christopher J.. (2018). Callousness and affective face processing in adults: behavioral and brain-potential indicators. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment. 9(2), pp. 122 - 132. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000235

Development and psychometric evaluation of the father engagement questionnaire

Jiang, Yixin, Tully, Lucy A., Burn, Matthew T., Piotrowska, Patrycja J., Collins, Daniel A. J., Moul, Caroline, Frick, Paul J., Hawes, David J., Kimonis, Eva R., Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Anderson, Vicki and Dadds, Mark R.. (2018). Development and psychometric evaluation of the father engagement questionnaire. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 27(11), pp. 3457 - 3467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1195-0

A benchmarking study of father involvement in Australian child mental health services

Dadds, Mark R., Collins, Daniel A. J., Doyle, Frances L., Tully, L. A., Hawes, D., Lenroot, Rhoshel, Anderson, Vicki, Frick, Paul, Moul, C. and Kimonis, Eva R.. (2018). A benchmarking study of father involvement in Australian child mental health services. PLoS ONE. 13(8), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203113

Investigating the offending histories of undocumented immigrants

Bersani, Bianca E., Fine, Adam D., Piquero, Alex R., Steinberg, Laurence, Frick, Paul J. and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2018). Investigating the offending histories of undocumented immigrants. Migration Letters. 15(2), pp. 147 - 166.

Expecting the unexpected? Expectations for future success among adolescent first-time offenders

Mahler, Alissa, Fine, Adam, Frick, Paul J., Steinberg, Laurence and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2018). Expecting the unexpected? Expectations for future success among adolescent first-time offenders. Child Development. 89(6), pp. e535 - e551. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12977

Toward father-friendly parenting interventions: a qualitative study

Sicouri, Gemma, Tully, L. A., Collins, Daniel A.J., Burn, Matthew, Sargeant, Kristina, Frick, Paul, Anderson, Vicki, Hawes, D., Kimonis, Eva R., Moul, C., Lenroot, Rhoshel and Dadds, Mark. (2018). Toward father-friendly parenting interventions: a qualitative study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy: innovative and contextual approaches to human problems. 39(2), pp. 218 - 231. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1307

Individual in context: the role of impulse control on the association between the home, school, and neighborhood developmental contexts and adolescent delinquency

Fine, Adam, Mahler, Alissa, Steinberg, laurence, Frick, Paul and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2017). Individual in context: the role of impulse control on the association between the home, school, and neighborhood developmental contexts and adolescent delinquency. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0565-4

Aspirations, expectations and delinquency: the moderating effect of impulse control

Mahler, Alissa, Simmons, Cortney and Frick, Paul. (2017). Aspirations, expectations and delinquency: the moderating effect of impulse control. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 46(7), pp. 1503 - 1514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0661-0

Editorial: advancing research on child and adolescent psychopathology

Frick, Paul. (2017). Editorial: advancing research on child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 46(1), pp. 1 - 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-017-0376-4

Optimising child outcomes from parenting interventions: fathers' experiences, preferences and barriers to participation

Tully, L. A., Piotrowska, Patrycja J., Collins, Daniel A.J., Mairet, Kathleen S., Black, Nicola, Kimonis, Eva R., Hawes, D., Moul, C., Lenroot, Rhoshel, Frick, Paul, Anderson, Vicki and Dadds, Mark R.. (2017). Optimising child outcomes from parenting interventions: fathers' experiences, preferences and barriers to participation. BMC Public Health. 17(1), pp. 1 - 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4426-1

Can probation officers identify remorse among male adolescent offenders?

Fine, Adam, Cavanagh, Caitlin and Frick, Paul. (2017). Can probation officers identify remorse among male adolescent offenders? Psychological Assessment. 29(6), pp. 754 - 761. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000391

Use of structured professional judgement by probation officers to assess risk for recidivism in adolescent offenders

Lawing, Kathryn, Childs, Kristina K. and Frick, Paul. (2017). Use of structured professional judgement by probation officers to assess risk for recidivism in adolescent offenders. Psychological Assessment. 29(6), pp. 652 - 663. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000414

Mothers, fathers, and parental systems: a conceptual model of parental engagement in programmes for child mental health - Connect, Attend, Participate, Enact (CAPE)

Piotrowska, Patrycja J., Tully, L. A., Lenroot, Rhoshel, Kimonis, Eva R., Hawes, D., Moul, C., Frick, Paul, Anderson, Vicki and Dadds, M. R.. (2017). Mothers, fathers, and parental systems: a conceptual model of parental engagement in programmes for child mental health - Connect, Attend, Participate, Enact (CAPE). Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review. 20(2), pp. 146 - 161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-016-0219-9

Study protocol: Evaluation of an online, father-inclusive, universal parenting intervention to reduce child externalising behaviours and improve parenting practices

Tully, Lucy A., Piotrowska, Patrycja J., Collins, Daniel A. J., Mairet, Kathleen S., Hawes, David J., Kimonis, Eva R., Lenroot, Rhoshel K., Moul, Caroline, Anderson, Vicki, Frick, Paul J. and Dadds, Mark R.. (2017). Study protocol: Evaluation of an online, father-inclusive, universal parenting intervention to reduce child externalising behaviours and improve parenting practices. BMC Psychology. 5(21), pp. 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-017-0188-x

The moderating role of anxiety in the associations of callous-unemotional traits with self-report and laboratory measures of affective and cognitive empathy

Kahn, Rachel E., Frick, Paul, Golmaryami, Farrah N. and Marsee, M A.. (2017). The moderating role of anxiety in the associations of callous-unemotional traits with self-report and laboratory measures of affective and cognitive empathy. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 45(2), pp. 583 - 596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0179-z

Effects of physical and emotional maternal hostility on adolescents' depression and reoffending

Thomas, April G., Ozbardakci, Nina, Fine, Adam, Steinberg, laurence, Frick, Paul and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2017). Effects of physical and emotional maternal hostility on adolescents' depression and reoffending. Journal of Research on Adolescence. 28(2), pp. 427 - 437. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12345

Is the effect of justice system attitudes on recidivism stable after youths' first arrest? Race and legal socialization among first-time youth offenders

Fine, Adam, Cavanagh, Caitlin, Donley, Sachiko, Frick, Paul, Steinberg, laurence and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2017). Is the effect of justice system attitudes on recidivism stable after youths' first arrest? Race and legal socialization among first-time youth offenders. Law and Human Behavior. 41(2), pp. 146 - 158. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000229

And justice for all: determinants and effects of probation officers' processing decisions regarding first-time juvenile offenders

Fine, Adam, Donley, Sachiko, Cavanagh, Caitlin, Miltimore, Sarah, Steinberg, laurence, Frick, Paul and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2017). And justice for all: determinants and effects of probation officers' processing decisions regarding first-time juvenile offenders. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law. 23(1), pp. 105 - 117. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000113

The social, behavioral, and emotional correlates of bullying and victimization in a school-based sample

Golmaryami, Farrah N., Frick, Paul Joseph, Hemphill, Sheryl A., Kahn, Rachel E., Crapanzano, Annie M. and Terranova, Andrew M.. (2016). The social, behavioral, and emotional correlates of bullying and victimization in a school-based sample. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 44(2), pp. 381 - 391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-9994-x

Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems

Wall, Tina D., Frick, Paul Joseph, Fanti, Kostas A., Kimonis, Eva R. and Lordos, Alexandros. (2016). Factors differentiating callous-unemotional children with and without conduct problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 57(8), pp. 976 - 983. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12569

Current research on conduct disorder in children and adolescents

Frick, Paul Joseph. (2016). Current research on conduct disorder in children and adolescents. South African Journal of Psychology. 46(2), pp. 160 - 174. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246316628455

Positive and negative item wording and its influence on the assessment of callous-unemotional traits

Ray, James V., Frick, Paul Joseph, Thornton, Laura C., Steinberg, Laurence and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2016). Positive and negative item wording and its influence on the assessment of callous-unemotional traits. Psychological Assessment. 28(4), pp. 394 - 404. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000183

Age Differences in the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY)

Childs, Kristina K. and Frick, Paul Joseph. (2016). Age Differences in the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY). International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. 15(3), pp. 211 - 221. https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2016.1152618

Impulse control and callous-unemotional traits distinguish patterns of delinquency and substance use in justice involved adolescents: Examining the moderating role of neighborhood context

Ray, James V., Thornton, Laura C., Frick, Paul Joseph, Steinberg, Laurence and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2016). Impulse control and callous-unemotional traits distinguish patterns of delinquency and substance use in justice involved adolescents: Examining the moderating role of neighborhood context. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 44(3), pp. 599 - 611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-0057-0

Sex differences in the measurement invariance and factors that influence structured judgments of risk using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY)

Childs, Kristina K., Frick, Paul Joseph and Gottlieb, Katie. (2016). Sex differences in the measurement invariance and factors that influence structured judgments of risk using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY). Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice. 14(1), pp. 76 - 92. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204014547722

Self-control assessments and implications for predicting adolescent offending

Fine, Adam, Steinberg, Laurence, Frick, Paul Joseph and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2016). Self-control assessments and implications for predicting adolescent offending. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 45(4), pp. 701 - 712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0425-2

Early identification and treatment of antisocial behavior

Frick, Paul Joseph. (2016). Early identification and treatment of antisocial behavior. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 63(5), pp. 861 - 871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2016.06.008

The role of peer arrests on the development of youths' attitudes towards the justice system

Fine, Adam, Cavanagh, Caitlin, Donley, Sachiko, Steinberg, Laurence, Frick, Paul Joseph and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2016). The role of peer arrests on the development of youths' attitudes towards the justice system. Law and Human Behavior. 40(2), pp. 211 - 218. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000167

Using self-reported callous-unemotional traits to cross-nationally assess the DSM-5 'With Limited Prosocial Emotions' specifier

Kimonis, Eva, Fanti, Kostas, Frick, Paul, Moffitt, Terrie, Essau, Cecilia, Bijttebier, Patricia and Marsee, Monica. (2015). Using self-reported callous-unemotional traits to cross-nationally assess the DSM-5 'With Limited Prosocial Emotions' specifier. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 56(11), pp. 1249 - 1261. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12357

Evaluating callous-unemotional traits as a personality construct

Frick, Paul Joseph and Ray, James V.. (2015). Evaluating callous-unemotional traits as a personality construct. Journal of Personality. 83(6), pp. 710 - 722. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12114

The emotional correlates to callous-unemotional traits in children

Ciucci, Enrica, Baroncelli, Andrea, Golmaryami, Farrah and Frick, Paul. (2015). The emotional correlates to callous-unemotional traits in children. Journal of Child and Family Studies. 24(8), pp. 2374 - 2387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0040-3

Callous-unemotional traits and adolescents' role in group crime

Thornton, Laura, Frick, Paul, Shulman, Elizabeth, Ray, James, Steinberg, Laurence and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2015). Callous-unemotional traits and adolescents' role in group crime. Law and Human Behavior. 39(4), pp. 368 - 377. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000124

A Comparison of Empirically Based and Structured Professional Judgment Estimation of Risk Using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth

Childs, Kristina, Frick, Paul J., Ryals, John S., Lingonblad, Annika and Villio, Matthew J.. (2014). A Comparison of Empirically Based and Structured Professional Judgment Estimation of Risk Using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice. 12(1), pp. 40 - 57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204013480368

Callous-unemotional traits in incarcerated adolescents

Kimonis, Eva, Fanti, Kostas, Goldweber, Asha, Marsee, Monica, Frick, Paul Joseph and Cauffman, Elizabeth. (2014). Callous-unemotional traits in incarcerated adolescents. Psychological Assessment. 26(1), pp. 227 - 237. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034585

The association between callous-unemotional traits and behavioral and academic adjustment in children : Further validation of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits

Ciucci, Enrica, Baroncelli, Andrea, Franchi, Marta, Golmaryami, Farrah and Frick, Paul. (2014). The association between callous-unemotional traits and behavioral and academic adjustment in children : Further validation of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 36(2), pp. 189 - 200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-013-9384-z

Reciprocal influences between negative life events and callous-unemotional traits

Kimonis, Eva, Centifanti, Luna, Allen, Jennifer and Frick, Paul Joseph. (2014). Reciprocal influences between negative life events and callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 42(8), pp. 1287-1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9882-9

Callous-Unemotional Traits and Anxiety in a Community Sample of 7-Year-Olds

Humayun, Sajid, Kahn, Rachel E., Frick, Paul and Viding, E. (2014). Callous-Unemotional Traits and Anxiety in a Community Sample of 7-Year-Olds. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 43(1), pp. 36 - 42. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.814539

Profiles of the forms and functions of self-reported aggression in three adolescent samples

Marsee, Monica, Frick, Paul, Barry, Christopher, Kimonis, Eva, Munoz Centifanti, L and Aucoin, K. (2014). Profiles of the forms and functions of self-reported aggression in three adolescent samples. Development and Psychopathology. 26(3), pp. 705 - 720. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000339

Emotional reactivity and the association between psychopathy-linked narcissism and aggression in detained adolescent boys

Munoz, L, Kimonis, Eva, Frick, Paul and Aucoin, K. (2013). Emotional reactivity and the association between psychopathy-linked narcissism and aggression in detained adolescent boys. Development and Psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412001186

Distinguishing primary and secondary variants of callous-unemotional traits among adolescents in a clinic-referred sample

Kahn, R, Frick, Paul, Youngstrom, E, Youngstrom, J, Feeny, N and Findling, R. (2013). Distinguishing primary and secondary variants of callous-unemotional traits among adolescents in a clinic-referred sample. Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032880

Emotion Regulation and Heterogeneity in Attenton-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Musser, Erica, Galloway-Long, Hilary, Frick, Paul and Nigg, Joel. (2013). Emotion Regulation and Heterogeneity in Attenton-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2012.11.009

Callous-Unemotional Traits and Response to Functional Family Therapy in Adolescent Offenders

White, Stuart, Frick, Paul, Lawing, K and Bauer, D. (2013). Callous-Unemotional Traits and Response to Functional Family Therapy in Adolescent Offenders. Behavioral Sciences and the Law. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2041

Annual Research Review: A developmental psychopathology approach to understanding callous-unemotional traits in children and adolescents with serious conduct problems

Frick, Paul, Ray, James V., Thornton, Laura and Kahn, Rachel E.. (2013). Annual Research Review: A developmental psychopathology approach to understanding callous-unemotional traits in children and adolescents with serious conduct problems. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 55(6), pp. 532 - 548. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12152

The incremental utility of callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in predicting aggression and bullying in a community sample of boys and girls

Thornton, Leighana, Frick, Paul, Crapanzano, A and Terranova, A. (2013). The incremental utility of callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in predicting aggression and bullying in a community sample of boys and girls. Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031153

Examining the validity of the structured assessment of violence risk in youth (SAVRY) for predicting probation outcomes among adjudicated juvenile offenders

Childs, K, Ryals, J, Frick, Paul, Lawing, K, Phillippi, S and Deprato, D. (2013). Examining the validity of the structured assessment of violence risk in youth (SAVRY) for predicting probation outcomes among adjudicated juvenile offenders. Behavioral Sciences and the Law. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2060

Evidence-Based Assessment of Conduct Disorder : Current Considerations and Preparation for DSM-5

Frick, Paul, Golmaryami, Farrah, Rivera-Hudson, Nicole and Barry, Christopher. (2013). Evidence-Based Assessment of Conduct Disorder : Current Considerations and Preparation for DSM-5. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029202

Multiple developmental pathways to conduct disorder : Current conceptualizations and clinical implications

Pardini, Dustin and Frick, Paul. (2013). Multiple developmental pathways to conduct disorder : Current conceptualizations and clinical implications. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Developmental Pathways to Conduct Disorder : implications for Future Directions in Research, Assessment, and Treatment

Frick, Paul. (2012). Developmental Pathways to Conduct Disorder : implications for Future Directions in Research, Assessment, and Treatment. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology. 41(3), pp. 378 - 389. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.664815

The effects of including a callous-unemotional specifier for the diagnosis of conduct disorder

Kahn, R, Frick, Paul, Youngstrom, E, Findling, R and Youngstrom, J. (2012). The effects of including a callous-unemotional specifier for the diagnosis of conduct disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 53(3), pp. 271 - 282. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02463.x

Primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy differ in emotional processing

Kimonis, Eva, Frick, Paul, Cauffman, E, Goldweber, A and Kimonis, Eva. (2012). Primary and secondary variants of juvenile psychopathy differ in emotional processing. Development and Psychopathology. 24(3), pp. 1091 - 1103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412000557

Violence exposure mediates the relation between callous-unemotional traits and offending patterns in adolescents

Howard, A. L., Kimonis, Eva R., Munoz, L. C. and Frick, Paul. (2012). Violence exposure mediates the relation between callous-unemotional traits and offending patterns in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 40(8), pp. 1237 - 1247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9647-2

Callous-Unemotional Traits and Their implication for Understanding and Treating Aggressive and Violent Youths

Munoz, L and Frick, Paul. (2012). Callous-Unemotional Traits and Their implication for Understanding and Treating Aggressive and Violent Youths. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 39(6), pp. 794 - 813. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812437019

Gender Differences in the Assessment, Stability, and Correlates to Bullying Roles in Middle School Children

Crapanzano, A, Frick, Paul, Childs, K and Terranova, A. (2011). Gender Differences in the Assessment, Stability, and Correlates to Bullying Roles in Middle School Children. Behavioral Sciences and the Law. 29(5), pp. 677 - 694. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.1000

Child and adolescent conduct disorder substantially shares genetic influences with three socioemotional dispositions

Waldman, I, Tackett, J, Van Hulle, C, Applegate, B, Pardini, D, Frick, Paul and Lahey, B. (2011). Child and adolescent conduct disorder substantially shares genetic influences with three socioemotional dispositions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 120(1), pp. 57 - 70. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021351

Assessing the Forms and Functions of Aggression Using Self-Report :Factor Structure and invariance of the Peer Conflict Scale in Youths

Marsee, M, Barry, C, Childs, K, Frick, Paul, Kimonis, Eva, Munoz, L, Aucoin, K, Fassnacht, G, Kunimatsu, M and Lau, K. (2011). Assessing the Forms and Functions of Aggression Using Self-Report :Factor Structure and invariance of the Peer Conflict Scale in Youths. Psychological Assessment. 23(3), pp. 792 - 804. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023369

Parental monitoring and youth behavior problems :Moderation by callous-unemotional traits over time

Munoz, L, Pakalniskiene, V and Frick, Paul. (2011). Parental monitoring and youth behavior problems :Moderation by callous-unemotional traits over time. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: official journal of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 20(5), pp. 261 - 269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-011-0172-6

Building an Evidence Base for DSM-5 Conceptualizations of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder : introduction to the Special Section

Pardini, D, Frick, Paul and Moffitt, T. (2010). Building an Evidence Base for DSM-5 Conceptualizations of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder : introduction to the Special Section. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 119(4), pp. 683 - 688. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021441

Does the prevalence of CD and ODD vary across cultures?

Canino, G, Polanczyk, G, Bauermeister, J, Rohde, L and Frick, Paul. (2010). Does the prevalence of CD and ODD vary across cultures? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 45(7), pp. 695 - 704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-010-0242-y

The age at onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Kieling, Christian, Kieling, Renata R., Rohde, L A., Frick, Paul, Moffitt, T E., Nigg, J T., Tannock, Rosemary and Castellanos, F Xavier. (2010). The age at onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. 167(1), pp. 14 - 16. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09060796

Patterns of physical and relational aggression in a school-based sample of boys and girls

Crapanzano, A, Frick, Paul and Terranova, A. (2010). Patterns of physical and relational aggression in a school-based sample of boys and girls. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 38(4), pp. 433 - 445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9376-3

Assessing the affective features of psychopathy in adolescence : A further validation of the inventory of callous and unemotional traits

Roose, A, Bijttebier, P, Decoene, S, Claes, L and Frick, Paul. (2010). Assessing the affective features of psychopathy in adolescence : A further validation of the inventory of callous and unemotional traits. Assessment. 17(1), pp. 44 - 57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191107312212;10.1177/1073191107312212

Differences in Offending Patterns Between Adolescent Sex Offenders High or Low in Callous-Unemotional Traits

Lawing, Kathryn, Frick, Paul and Cruise, Keith. (2010). Differences in Offending Patterns Between Adolescent Sex Offenders High or Low in Callous-Unemotional Traits. Psychological Assessment. 22(2), pp. 298 - 305. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018707

Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder Grown-Up

Kimonis, Eva and Frick, Paul. (2010). Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder Grown-Up. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 31(3), pp. 244 - 254. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181d3d320

Identifying Subtypes Among Offenders With Antisocial Personaltiy Disorder : A Cluster-Analytic Study

Poythress, Norman, Edens, John, Skeem, Jennifer, Lilienfeld, Scott, Douglas, Kevin, Frick, Paul, Patrick, Christopher, Epstein, Monica and Wang, Tao. (2010). Identifying Subtypes Among Offenders With Antisocial Personaltiy Disorder : A Cluster-Analytic Study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 119(2), pp. 389 - 400. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018611

Developmental Pathways to conduct problems: A further test of the childhood and adolescent-onset distinction

Dandreaux, D. M. and Frick, Paul Joseph. (2009). Developmental Pathways to conduct problems: A further test of the childhood and adolescent-onset distinction. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.

The use of callous-unemotional traits to define important subtypes of antisocial and violent youth

Frick, Paul Joseph and Petitclerc, Amelie. (2009). The use of callous-unemotional traits to define important subtypes of antisocial and violent youth. In The Neurobiological Basis of Violence: Science and Rebabilitation pp. 65 - 83 Oxford University Press.

Antisocial behavior from a developmental psychopathology perspective

Frick, Paul Joseph and Viding, E.. (2009). Antisocial behavior from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457940999007

Differential correlates to self-report and parent-report of callous-unemotional traits in a sample of juvenile sexual offenders

White, Stuart F., Cruise, K. R. and Frick, Paul Joseph. (2009). Differential correlates to self-report and parent-report of callous-unemotional traits in a sample of juvenile sexual offenders. Behavioral Sciences and the Law.

Linking callous-unemotional traits to instrumental and non-instrumental forms of aggression

Fanti, K. A., Frick, Paul Joseph and Georgiou, S. (2009). Linking callous-unemotional traits to instrumental and non-instrumental forms of aggression. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment.

Assessment of Personality and Adjustment

Frick, Paul Joseph and O'Donnell, Cedar W.. (2009). Assessment of Personality and Adjustment. In In S. Robinson (Ed.). The Handbook of School Psychology pp. 287 - 306 John Wiley & Sons.

Extending the construct of psychopathy to youth: implications for understanding, diagnosing, and treating antisocial children and adolescents

Frick, Paul Joseph. (2009). Extending the construct of psychopathy to youth: implications for understanding, diagnosing, and treating antisocial children and adolescents. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry.

Treatment of Violent Offenders

Frick, Paul Joseph and Boxer, Paul. (2008). Treatment of Violent Offenders. In Treating the Juvenile Offender pp. 147 - 170 Guilford Press.

Heritability of antisocial behaviour at 9: Do callous-unemotional traits matter?

Viding, Essi, Jones, Alice P., Frick, Paul Joseph and Moffitt, T. E.. (2008). Heritability of antisocial behaviour at 9: Do callous-unemotional traits matter? Developmental Science.

Treating Conduct Problems, Aggression and Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents: An Integrated View

Frick, Paul Joseph and Boxer, Paul. (2008). Treating Conduct Problems, Aggression and Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents: An Integrated View. In Handbook of Evidence-Based Therapies for Children and Adolescents Bridging Science and Practice pp. 241 - 260 Springer Science and Business Media.

Callous-unemotional traits and the emotional processing of distress cues in detained boys: Testing the moderating role of aggression, exposure to community violence, and histories of abuse

Kimonis, Eva R., Frick, Paul Joseph, Munoz, L. C. and Aucoin, K. J.. (2008). Callous-unemotional traits and the emotional processing of distress cues in detained boys: Testing the moderating role of aggression, exposure to community violence, and histories of abuse. Development and Psychopathology.

Verbal ability and delinquency: Testing the moderating role of psychopathic traits

Munoz, L. C., Frick, Paul Joseph, Kimonis, Eva R. and Aucoin, K. J.. (2008). Verbal ability and delinquency: Testing the moderating role of psychopathic traits. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior

Frick, Paul Joseph and White, Stuart F.. (2008). The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.

Child and Adolescent Conduct Problems

Frick, Paul Joseph and McMahon, Robert J.. (2008). Child and Adolescent Conduct Problems. In A Guide to Assessments that Work pp. 41 - 66 Oxford University Press.

Types of aggression, responsiveness to provocation, and callous-unemotional traits in detained adolescents

Munoz, L. C., Frick, Paul Joseph, Kimonis, Eva R. and Aucoin, K. J.. (2008). Types of aggression, responsiveness to provocation, and callous-unemotional traits in detained adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology.

Externalizing Disorders of Childhood

Frick, Paul Joseph and Kimonis, Eva R.. (2008). Externalizing Disorders of Childhood. In Psychopathology: Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding pp. 349 - 374 Routledge.

Child versus parent reports of parenting practices: implications for the conceptualization of child behavioral and emotional problems

Barry, C. T., Frick, Paul Joseph and Grafeman, Sarah J.. (2008). Child versus parent reports of parenting practices: implications for the conceptualization of child behavioral and emotional problems. Assessment.

Assessing callous-unemotional traits in adolescent offenders: Validation of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits

Kimonis, Eva R., Frick, Paul, Skeem, J. L., Marsee, M. A., Cruise, K. R., Munoz, L. C., Aucoin, K. J. and Morris, Amanda Sheffield. (2008). Assessing callous-unemotional traits in adolescent offenders: Validation of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. 31(3), pp. 241 - 252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2008.04.002