Validity and reliability of thoracic-mounted inertial measurement units to derive gait characteristics during running
Journal article
Horsley, Benjamin, Tofari, Paul, Halson, Shona, Kemp, Justin Guy, Chalkley, Daniel Thomas, Cole, Michael Hugh, Johnston, Richard and Cormack, Stuart John. (2024). Validity and reliability of thoracic-mounted inertial measurement units to derive gait characteristics during running. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 38(2), pp. 274-282. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004612
| Authors | Horsley, Benjamin, Tofari, Paul, Halson, Shona, Kemp, Justin Guy, Chalkley, Daniel Thomas, Cole, Michael Hugh, Johnston, Richard and Cormack, Stuart John |
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| Abstract | Horsley, BJ, Tofari, PJ, Halson, SL, Kemp, JG, Chalkley, D, Cole, MH, Johnston, RD, and Cormack, SJ. Validity and reliability of thoracic-mounted inertial measurement units to derive gait characteristics during running. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 274–282, 2024—Inertial measurement units (IMUs) attached to the tibia or lumbar spine can be used to analyze running gait but, with team-sports, are often contained in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) units worn on the thoracic spine. We assessed the validity and reliability of thoracic-mounted IMUs to derive gait characteristics, including peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRFpeak) and vertical stiffness (Kvert). Sixteen recreationally active subjects performed 40 m run throughs at 3–4, 5–6, and 7–8 m·s−1. Inertial measurement units were attached to the tibia, lumbar, and thoracic spine, whereas 2 GNSS units were also worn on the thoracic spine. Initial contact (IC) from a validated algorithm was evaluated with F1 score and agreement (mean difference ± SD) of gait data with the tibia and lumbar spine using nonparametric limits of agreement (LoA). Test-retest error {coefficient of variation, CV (95% confidence interval [CI])} established reliability. Thoracic IMUs detected a nearly perfect proportion (F1 ≥ 0.95) of IC events compared with tibia and lumbar sites. Step length had the strongest agreement (0 ± 0.04 m) at 3–4 m·s−1, whereas contact time improved from 3 to 4 (−0.028 ± 0.018 second) to 7–8 m·s−1 (−0.004 ± 0.013 second). All values for Kvert fell within the LoA at 7–8 m·s−1. Test-retest error was ≤12.8% for all gait characteristics obtained from GNSS units, where Kvert was most reliable at 3–4 m·s−1 (6.8% [5.2, 9.6]) and vGRFpeak at 7–8 m·s−1 (3.7% [2.5, 5.2]). The thoracic-spine site is suitable to derive gait characteristics, including Kvert, from IMUs within GNSS units, eliminating the need for additional sensors to analyze running gait. |
| Keywords | accelerometers; gait analysis; sprinting; stiffness; trunk |
| Year | 01 Jan 2024 |
| Journal | Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research |
| Journal citation | 38 (2), pp. 274-282 |
| Publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
| ISSN | 1533-4287 |
| Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004612 |
| Web address (URL) | https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/fulltext/2024/02000/validity_and_reliability_of_thoracic_mounted.8.aspx |
| Open access | Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access |
| Research or scholarly | Research |
| Page range | 274-282 |
| Publisher's version | License All rights reserved File Access Level Controlled |
| Output status | Published |
| Publication dates | |
| Online | Feb 2024 |
| Publication process dates | |
| Deposited | 19 Feb 2024 |
| Additional information | © 2023 National Strength and Conditioning Association. |
| Place of publication | United States |
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