Vertical Jump Testing after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Journal article


Dutaillis, Benjamin, Diamond, Laura E., Lazarczuk, Stephanie L., Timmins, Ryan Gregory and Bourne, Matthew. (2024). Vertical Jump Testing after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 56(2), pp. 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003298
AuthorsDutaillis, Benjamin, Diamond, Laura E., Lazarczuk, Stephanie L., Timmins, Ryan Gregory and Bourne, Matthew
Abstract

Introduction: Recently, there has been a call for vertical jump testing via force–plate analysis to be included in the assessment of individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and as part of return-to-play criteria. However, a synthesis of current literature is needed to help guide clinicians on what tests to perform, which force–plate metrics to assess, and how these may change over the time course of rehabilitation.

Methods: Four online databases were searched from inception to July 2022. The Downs and Black checklist was used to assess study quality. Multilevel meta-analyses and meta-regressions were undertaken in conjunction with a best evidence synthesis.

Results: Forty-two articles were included, capturing 2375 participants with a history of ACLR. Reconstructed limbs displayed 1) lower peak eccentric forces, concentric forces, landing forces, and lower eccentric and concentric impulses (standardized means difference [SMD] = −1.84 to −0.46) than uninjured contralateral limbs during bilateral countermovement jumps (CMJ) and drop vertical jumps (DVJ); 2) lower jump heights and reactive strength indices (RSI), and longer contact times than uninjured contralateral limbs during unilateral CMJ and DVJ (SMD = −0.86 to 0.26); and 3) lower jump heights, RSI, and longer contact times during bilateral and unilateral CMJ, and unilateral DVJ, than uninjured controls (SMD = −1.19 to 1.08). Meta-regression revealed that time postsurgery was a significant moderator (P < 0.05) for 1) bilateral CMJ height, peak concentric force, and peak landing force; 2) between-limb differences in unilateral CMJ height; and 3) differences in unilateral DVJ height, RSI, and contact time between reconstructed limbs and healthy controls with no history of injury.

Conclusions: Individuals with a history of ACLR display chronic deficits in vertical jumping performance during a range of bilateral and unilateral tasks, which may have implications for return-to-play criteria and the design of interventions targeted at restoring long-term deficits in explosive lower limb strength after ACLR.

KeywordsReturn to play; Explosive strength; Knee
Year01 Jan 2024
JournalMedicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
Journal citation56 (2), pp. 181-192
PublisherLippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISSN0195-9131
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003298
Web address (URL)https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2024/02000/vertical_jump_testing_after_anterior_cruciate.3.aspx
Open accessPublished as non-open access
Research or scholarlyResearch
Page range181-192
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All rights reserved
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Controlled
Output statusPublished
Publication dates
PrintFeb 2024
Publication process dates
AcceptedAug 2023
Deposited27 Feb 2024
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Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Sports Medicine.

Place of publicationUnited States
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Timmins, Ryan G., Bourne, Matthew N., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David A.. (2016). Biceps femoris architecture and strength in athletes with a prior ACL reconstruction. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 48(3), pp. 337-345. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000783
Hamstring strength and flexibility after hamstring strain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Maniar, Nirav, Shielf, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G. and Opar, David A.. (2016). Hamstring strength and flexibility after hamstring strain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(15), pp. 909-920. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095311
Is there evidence to support the use of the angle of peak torque as a marker of hamstring injury and re-injury risk?
Timmins, Ryan G., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D. and Opar, David A.. (2016). Is there evidence to support the use of the angle of peak torque as a marker of hamstring injury and re-injury risk? Sports Medicine. 46(1), pp. 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0378-8
Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study
Timmins, Ryan G., Bourne, Matthew N., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David. (2016). Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(24). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095362
Architectural changes of the biceps femoris long head after concentric or eccentric training
Timmins, Ryan G., Ruddy, Joshua D., Presland, Joel, Maniar, Nirav and Williams, Morgan. (2016). Architectural changes of the biceps femoris long head after concentric or eccentric training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 48(3), pp. 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000795
Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: A narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness
Timmins, Ryan G., Shield, Anthony J., Williams, Morgan D., Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David. (2016). Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: A narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(23). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094881
What do submarines have in common with diabetes?
Rio, Ebony, Timmins, Ryan Gregory and Opar, David. (2016). What do submarines have in common with diabetes? British Journal of Sports Medicine. 50(16), pp. 955 - 956. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096646
Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring injury risk in Australian footballers
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G., Duhig, Steven and Shield, Anthony J.. (2015). Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring injury risk in Australian footballers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 47(4). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000465
The effect of previous hamstring strain injury on the change in eccentric hamstring strength during preseason training in elite Australian footballers
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G., Hickey, Jack, Duhig, Steven J. and Shield, Anthony J.. (2015). The effect of previous hamstring strain injury on the change in eccentric hamstring strength during preseason training in elite Australian footballers. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 43(2), pp. 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514556638
Biceps femoris long head architecture: A reliability and retrospective injury study
Timmins, Ryan Gregory, Shield, Anthony, Williams, Morgan, Lorenzen, Christian and Opar, David. (2015). Biceps femoris long head architecture: A reliability and retrospective injury study. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 47(5), pp. 905 - 913. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000507
Biceps femoris long head architecture: The association with hamstring injury and response to training
Timmins, Ryan Gregory. (2015). Biceps femoris long head architecture: The association with hamstring injury and response to training [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.4226/66/5a9cbd05b0b98
Reduced biceps femoris myoelectrical activity influences eccentric knee flexor weakness after repeat sprint running
Timmins, R. G., Opar, D. A., Williams, M. D., Schache, A. G., Dear, N. M. and Shield, A. J.. (2014). Reduced biceps femoris myoelectrical activity influences eccentric knee flexor weakness after repeat sprint running. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 24(4), pp. e299-e305. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12171
Rate of torque and electromyographic development during anticipated eccentric contraction is lower in previously strained hamstrings
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G. and Dear, Nuala M. (2013). Rate of torque and electromyographic development during anticipated eccentric contraction is lower in previously strained hamstrings. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 41(1), pp. 116-125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546512462809
Knee flexor strength and bicep femoris electromyographical activity is lower in previously strained hamstrings
Opar, David A., Williams, Morgan D., Timmins, Ryan G., Dear, Nuala M. and Shield, Anthony J. (2013). Knee flexor strength and bicep femoris electromyographical activity is lower in previously strained hamstrings. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 23(3), pp. 696-703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.11.004