Effects of Moderate- to High-Impact Exercise Training on Bone Structure Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Journal article
Ng, Carrie-Anne, Gandham, Anoohya, Mesinovic, Jakub, Owen, Patrick J., Ebeling, Peter and Scott, David. (2023). Effects of Moderate- to High-Impact Exercise Training on Bone Structure Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 38(11), pp. 1612-1634. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4899
Authors | Ng, Carrie-Anne, Gandham, Anoohya, Mesinovic, Jakub, Owen, Patrick J., Ebeling, Peter and Scott, David |
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Abstract | Moderate‐ to high‐impact exercise improves bone mineral density (BMD) across the lifespan, but its effects on bone structure, which predicts fracture independent of areal BMD, are unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated effects of impact exercise on volumetric BMD (vBMD) and bone structure. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) were searched up to March 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of impact exercise, with ground reaction forces equal to or greater than running, compared with sham or habitual activity, on bone vBMD and structure. Bone variables were measured by quantitative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging at the tibia, radius, lumbar spine, and femur. Percentage changes in bone variables were compared among groups using mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated via random effects meta‐analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed in children/adolescents (<18 years), adults (18–50 years), postmenopausal women, and older men. Twenty‐eight RCTs (n = 2985) were included. Across all studies, impact exercise improved trabecular vBMD at the distal tibia (MD = 0.54% [95% CI 0.17, 0.90%]), total vBMD at the proximal femur (3.11% [1.07, 5.14%]), and cortical thickness at the mid/proximal radius (1.78% [0.21, 3.36%]). There was no effect on vBMD and bone structure at the distal radius, femoral shaft, or lumbar spine across all studies or in any subgroup. In adults, impact exercise decreased mid/proximal tibia cortical vBMD (−0.20% [−0.24, −0.15%]). In postmenopausal women, impact exercise improved distal tibia trabecular vBMD (0.79% [0.32, 1.25%]). There was no effect on bone parameters in children/adolescents in overall analyses, and there were insufficient studies in older men to perform meta‐analyses. Impact exercise may have beneficial effects on bone structure and vBMD at various skeletal sites, but additional high‐quality RCTs in different age and sex subgroups are needed to identify optimal exercise protocols for improving bone health across the lifespan. |
Keywords | aging; bone QCT/μCT; clinical trials; exercise; radiology |
Year | 01 Jan 2023 |
Journal | Journal of Bone and Mineral Research |
Journal citation | 38 (11), pp. 1612-1634 |
Publisher | Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc. (US) |
ISSN | 0884-0431 |
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) | https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.4899 |
Web address (URL) | https://academic.oup.com/jbmr/article/38/11/1612/7610456 |
Open access | Published as ‘gold’ (paid) open access |
Research or scholarly | Research |
Page range | 1612-1634 |
Publisher's version | License File Access Level Open |
Output status | Published |
Publication dates | |
Online | 01 Nov 2023 |
Publication process dates | |
Accepted | 04 Aug 2023 |
Deposited | 18 Mar 2024 |
Additional information | © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). |
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. | |
Place of publication | United States |
https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/item/90486/effects-of-moderate-to-high-impact-exercise-training-on-bone-structure-across-the-lifespan-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials
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Publisher's version
OA_Gandham_2023_Effects_of_Moderate_to_High-Impact.pdf | |
License: CC BY-NC 4.0 | |
File access level: Open |
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